A case of lymphatic cyst of the adrenal gland in a 55-year-old woman is described. The patient presented with vague abdominal pain, and abdominal CT and ultrasonography suggested a pancreatic cyst. The cyst, 10x8x6 cm in size, was found in the left adrenal gland; it was multilocular and septated with thin walls that were lined by a single layer of attenuated cells. The lining cells gave a weak positive immunoreactivity against factor VIII-related antigen and Ulex eurapaeus, and ultrastructural study revealed the lining cells to be of endothelial origin. Together with small tiny proliferative cystic spaces were intermixture of the normal adrenal cortical cells in the transition zone between large cysts and adrenal cortex. No histologic distinction between cystic lymphangioma and lymphangiectatic cyst was obtained; instead, a term of lymphatic cyst seems preferred unless otherwise confirmed. With its classification, the pathogenesis of adrenal lymphatic cysts is reviewed.
Female ; Humans ; Cysts

We present 20 medicolegal autopsies performed at the Department of Forensic medicine, Seoul National University Medical College during the year of 1996. In Korea Postmortem Invesigation (PI) system is not established and is needed greatly provide the basic considerations on PI system, we detailed the cases with impediments to be overcome. Among the 20 cases, 13cases were unusual deaths and 6 cases were natural. For unusual deaths, 7 were by mechanical injuries, four by asphyxia. Test for toxic stance was the most needed part to be solved.
Asphyxia ; Autopsy* ; Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Korea ; Seoul

At "Keumjung-gul" site, bones of more than 153 persons are excavated in October 1995. They were interred in Autumn of 1950 during Korean War. Among them, 70 skulls were examined in morphological method and DNA test for sex determination. With PCR amplification of amelogenin, 60 skulls were proved male, 9; female, 1; not amplified. Result with Y27H39LR, SRY and alphoid repeats were not satisfactory. The morphologic determination for sex were made maily by (1) prominence of the supercilliary arch, (2) prominence of the external occipital protuberance and crest, (3) size and shape of the mastoid process. The concurrence rate between two examiner, and between two morphologic result and DNA result were low (<70%), largely because of the subjectivity of morphologic trait and the paucity of experiences.
Amelogenin ; DNA* ; Female ; Humans ; Korean War ; Male ; Mastoid ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skull*

BACKGROUND: Patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer are often treated with radiation alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Both modalities have a potentially damaging effect on pulmonary function. In order to examine changes in the cardiopulmonary exercise function of patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer before and after conventional radiotherapy, we conducted a prospective study involving patients with such cancer, that had received radiation therapy. METHODS: Resting pulmonary function test, thoracic radiographic finding and cardiopulmonary exercise test(CPET) were assessed prior to and 4 weeks following radiation therapy in 11 male patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Patient with endobronchial mass were excluded. RESULTS: The forces vital capacity(FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1)and maximal voluntary ventilation(MVV) did not decreased between before and 4 weeks after radiation but the diffusing capacity(DLCO) had decreased by 11% 4 weeks after radiation, which was not statistically significant. No changes in maximal oxygen consumption(VO2max), carbon dioxide production(VCO2), exercise time and work load were attributed to radiation therapy. Follow up cardiopulmonary exercise testing revealed unchanged cardiovascular function, ventilatory function and gas exchange. No difference in cardiopulmonary exercise test performance was observed between pre- and post-radiation. CONCLUSION: Cardiopulmonary exercise function did not decrease within the short-term after the radiation of patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Carbon Dioxide ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Drug Therapy ; Exercise Test ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male ; Oxygen ; Prospective Studies ; Radiotherapy ; Respiratory Function Tests

We report an autopsy of a male fetus that showed multiple congenital anomalies that could best be designated as Meckel-Gruber syndrome. The fetus was born dead at the gestational age of 38 weeks. His parents denied any history of congenital malformation. And the parity of the mother was 0-0-0-0, but she had the past history of receiving herb medication for common cold. The congenital anomalies found in this case consited of occipital meningoencephalocele, midline cleft palate, bifid epiglottis, hepatic fibrosis, choledochal cyst, bilateral polycystic kidneys, postaxial polydactyly of both hands and feet, aplasia of the left testis, secundum type atrial septal defect and patent ductus arterious. This malformation syndrome is rare and lethal. The prenatal diagnosis should be made by ultrasound study or analysis of the amniotic fluid for alpha-feto protein during intrauterine period. The kidneys showed Potter type III cystic change and there was a characteristic hepatic fibrosis.
Male ; Humans

No abstract available.
Fires*

BACKGROUND: Uracil nucleotides are stored in platelets and all other cells, and are released into the extracellular space upon stimulation. They show various biological responses but their actions and mechanism are not well understood. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of uridine 5'-triphosphate(UTP) on vascular tone and to identify the characteristics of their receptors. METHODS: Aortic ring preparation were made from the rat descending thoracic aorta. Endo-thelial cells were preserved or removed by gentle rubbing, The basal tension of aortic ring was lgm and isometric contraction were recorded on polygraph using force transducer. RESULTS: In aortic ring Precontracted by 100nM norepinephrine, UTP induced dual effect with various concentrations. UTP elicited endothelium-dependent relaxation at low concentrations(100nM-10microM), and endothelium-independent contraction at high concentrations(more than 30microM). Among uracil nucleotides, UDP was as much effective as UTP in vascular tone, but UMP and uridine were not. UTP(pA50 6.15) was more potent than ATP(5.17), ITP(4.75) and other nucleotides(TTP, GTP, CTP). At basal tension, UTP induced relaxation at low concentrations and contraction at hige concentrations in endothelium-intact ring. But in endothelium-removed ring, UTP elicited only contraction. Prior treatment of aortic ring with suramin, a non-selective P2-purinoceptor blocker, inhibited UTP-Induced relaxation and contraction. Reactive blue-2, a P2gamma purinoceptor blocker, inhibited relaxation only, but alpha, beta-methylene ATP, a P2x Purinoceptor blocker, enhanced contractile response. ATP inhibited the UPT-induced relaxation, but 2-methylthio ATP did not alter the effects of UTP. It means that UTP and ATP act at the same receptor but 2-methylthio ATP does not. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that UTP-induced relaxation is mediated by nucleotide receptors on endothelium and the contraction is mediated by pyrimidinoceptors on vascular smooth muscle.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Animals ; Aorta ; Aorta, Thoracic* ; Endothelium ; Extracellular Space ; Guanosine Triphosphate ; Isometric Contraction ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Norepinephrine ; Rats* ; Receptors, Purinergic ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X ; Relaxation ; Suramin ; Transducers ; Uracil Nucleotides ; Uridine Diphosphate ; Uridine Monophosphate ; Uridine Triphosphate ; Uridine*

BACKGROUND: Adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate(ATPP), an endogenous nucleotide, is stored in cells and released into the extracellular space upon stimulation. Some of the biological responses to ATPP were reported, but characteristics of its receptor were not well known. Present study was conducted to investigate the effects of ATPP on mechanical contractility, resting membrane potential and action potential of rat left atrium. METHODS: Left atrium was isolated from Sprague-Dawley rat. Mechanical contraction induced by electrical field stimulation(EFS) was recorded on polygraph using force transducer. With glass microelectrodes(10 MOmega), potential difference across the membrane was measured and recorded on an oscilloscope and a polygraph. RESULTS: ATPP reduced the left atrial contractility with concentration-dependent manner. ATPP also hyperpolarized the resting membrane potential and decreased the action potential duration of the left atrial cell. Nucleotides other than ATPP, such as ATP, ADP, AMP and adenosine, have the same effect as ATPP. However, there is no difference among the nucleotides. Prior treatment of DPCPX, a P1-purinoceptor blocker, inhibited the ATPP-induced negative inotropism and changes of the membrane potential. But suramin, a nonselective P2-purinoceptor blocker, did not alter the effects of ATPP. alpha, beta methylene ADP and adenosine deaminase, which attenuates hydrolysis of adenine nucleotides and inactivates adenosine respectively, did not influence the effects of adenine nucleotides except for adenosine. CONCLUSION: ATPP reduced the mechanical contractility, hyperpolarized the resting membrance potential and decreased duration of action potential of rat left atrium. These effects were induced by ATPP directly, not by adenosine from hydrolyzed ATPP.
Action Potentials ; Adenine Nucleotides ; Adenosine Deaminase ; Adenosine Diphosphate ; Adenosine Triphosphate ; Adenosine* ; Animals ; Extracellular Space ; Glass ; Heart Atria ; Hydrolysis ; Membrane Potentials ; Membranes ; Muscle Contraction ; Nucleotides ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Purinergic ; Suramin ; Transducers

PURPOSE: This study focused on in vitro cell differentiation and surface characteristics in a magnesium coated titanium surface implanted on using a plasma ion source. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 40 commercially made pure titanium discs were prepared to produce Ti oxide machined surface (M) and Mg-incorporated Ti oxide machined surface (MM). Surface properties were analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On each surface, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red S staining for mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells, and quantitative analysis of osteoblastic gene expression, were evaluated. Actin ring formation assay and gene expression analysis of TRAP and GAPDH performing RT-PCR were performed to characterize osteoclast differentiation on mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). RESULTS: MM showed similar surface morphology and surface roughness with M, but was slightly smoother after ion implantation at the micron scale. M was more hydrophobic than MM. No significant difference between surfaces on ALP activity at 7 and 14 days were observed. Real-time PCR analyses showed similar levels of mRNA expression of the osteoblast phenotype genes; osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and collagen 1 (Col 1) in cell grown on MM at 7, 14 and 21 days. Alizarin red S staining at 21 days showed no significant difference. BMMs differentiation increased in M and MM. Actin ring formation assay and gene expression analysis of TRAP showed osteoclast differentiation to be more active on MM. CONCLUSION: Both M and MM have a good effect on osteoblastic cell differentiation, but MM may speed the bone remodeling process by activating on osteoclast differentiation.
Actins ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Bone Remodeling ; Cell Differentiation ; Collagen ; Gene Expression ; Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein ; Macrophages ; Magnesium* ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Osteoblasts* ; Osteocalcin ; Osteoclasts* ; Osteopontin ; Phenotype ; Plasma ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; Surface Properties ; Titanium*

The majority of the radiologically detected solitary pulmonary nodules are benign, although relatively infrequent malignant nodules always make problems. Regarding the high prevalence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in this country, it could be assumed that a large number of the benign pulmonary nodules are tuberculomas. There have been various attempts with CT in the evaluation of solitary pulmonary nodules. Most of them were focused on the nodule itself, however. We evaluated not only the character of the nodules bus also the parenchymal changes around the nodules to find evidences of associated pulmonary tuberculosis by using highresolution CT. We analyzed 35 benign solitary pulmonary nodules which are less than 4cm in size. Three or 5 high-resolution CT images were obtained in additon to the conventional CT images. Most of the nodules were located at the periphery of lung. Most of the nodules were proved to betuberculomas or presumed to be tuberculomas (n=32). The mean diameter of the nodules was 22mm. Most of the nodules were well-marginated. We observed a lobulated margin in 16 tuberculomas and a finely spiculated margin in 6 tuberculomas. Typical patterns of benign calcification were observed in 12 tuberculomas and one margin in 6 tuberculomas. Typical patterns of benign calcification were observed in 12 tuberculomas and one hamartoma. the findings of parenchymal tuberculosis such as interlobular septal thickening, small centrilobular micronodules, and lobular overinflation were identified in 12, 6 and 12 cases of tuberculomas respectively. The changes of juxtanodular lung parenchyma as well as the character of nodule itself were well demonstrated on high-resolution CT. which is valuabel I the evaluation of the equivocal solitary pulomnary nodules. Evidences of pulmonary tuberculosis around the nodule would be the secondary sign of benignancy.
Hamartoma ; Lung ; Prevalence ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule* ; Tuberculoma ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary