No abstract available.
Animals ; Cattle ; Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform* ; Korea*

We have tried this experiments about measure of Human Body Fat from transverse body scans with Magnetic Resonance Image (0.5, Tesla). Images were created with a spin echo sequence using a repetition time 500msec, echo time 20msec, and 1cm length between 10mm cross sectional slices, and gained through a whole body. In vivo quantification of body fat with MRI was measured by two healthy Females Volunteers, each cut obtained with MRI was analyzed, traced papers on the view finder, and then digitized, at last calculated for the areas of Human Body Fat. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : Through the analyses of the Ratio of Human Body % Fat with MRI and Densitiometry, in Sub.1, Sub.2, MRI is estimated higher than Densitiometry, that is, Keys & Brozek's Method (1960) has the most remarkable score gaps, 6.94% (Sub.1), 6.21%(Sub.2). Chinn & Alleys Method (1960) has showed the score getting closest to MRI, 1.67% (Sub.1), 1.36%(Sub.2). And Siri's (1956) Brozek et al's (1963), which have been used as the most popular methods, make the difference of 4% approximately. As a result of this study, such as preceding studies about it Ratio of Human Body Composition with MRI has considered to be validated and trusted. Therefore, if we estimate for Ratio of Human Body Fat with much more subjects than this experiments we can suggest that the method with MRI is possible to develope low data adaptable in every field.
Adipose Tissue ; Female* ; Human Body* ; Humans* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methods ; Volunteers

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Child* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: The first purpose of this study is to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of surgical treatment for displaced midshaft clavicle fracture (Robinson type 2B1 vs. 2B2) with 3.5-mm low profile clavicular locking compression plate. The second purpose is to evaluate the difference of the results depending on the presence of accompanying injuries. METHODS: Forty-nine patients who underwent an operation for the fractures were reviewed retrospectively. Fracture patterns were classified according to group 2B1 and 2B2 using Robinson's classification. For radiological outcome, time to union after operation was evaluated and for clinical outcome, American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) score, University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA) score, visual analogue scale (VAS), and range of motion (ROM) were evaluated from preoperative period to last follow-up period. RESULTS: The mean time for union was not significantly different in the 2B1 group and 2B2 group (p=0.062). No statistically significant difference in ASES score, UCLA score, and VAS was observed between 2B1 and 2B2 (p=0.619, p=0.896, p=0.856, respectively). In ROM, significant higher mean forward flexion and abduction was observed in 2B2 (p=0.025, p=0.017, respectively) and there was no difference in external rotation and external rotation at shoulder 90° abduction position (p=0.130, p=0.180, respectively). There was no significant difference in clinical outcomes according to the accompanying injuries. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in clinical and radiological outcome between Robinson 2B1 and 2B2 type fracture after the operation. Accompanying injuries may not affect the clinical result of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures.
California ; Classification ; Clavicle ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Closed ; Humans ; Preoperative Period ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: To correlate the CT findings of renal cell carcinomas with nuclear grading in histopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative CT scans and pathologic nuclear grading of 60 surgically resected renal cell carcinomas in 55 patients were retrospectively and independently reviewed. RESULTS: As nuclear grade increased, renal cell carcinomas were more likely to be of higher stage(92% of nuclear grade III renal cell carcinomas was of stage Ill, all Grade IV tumors were of stage IIIb or higher) and greater size(84% of grade III tumors and 100% of grade IV tumors>5cm in size) at presentation, and appeared more heterogeneous(84% of grade III tumors and 88% of grade IV tumors showed moderate or severe heterogeneity) and less well marginated(84% of grade Ill tumors and 100% of grade IV tumors had irregular or imperceptible margins). CONCLUSION: Small well-marginated homogeneous renal cell carcinomas were either nuclear grade I or II, and were distinguishable from the more aggressive nuclear grade III or IV lesions, which generally displayed irregular margins and greater inhomogeneity.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast*

No abstract available.
Cholangitis*