Obtaining a complete and accurate history is one of the most crucial steps in the initial diagnosis and subsequent management of the poisoned patients. This information can then be integrated with physical evidence, clinical examination, laboratory and toxicological data in designing a therapeutic approach. Such information may include patient data, product information, and nature of exposure. The basic treatment for acute poisoning, whether of drug or chemical, is mainly symptomatic and supportive. The four cardinal principles of good management are ① identification of the causative drug or chemical as quickly as possible, ② evacuation of the poison from the stomach, except when contraindicated, ③ administration of an antidote if available, and ④ symptomatic and supportive therapy as indicated. Management in most cases of toxicity consists of supportive care, symptomatic treatment, and avoidance of exposure to the toxic material. In cases of life-threatening toxicity, maintenance of cardiopulmonary function and fluid and electrolyte balance are important. There are limited specific methods of treatment, or "antidotes". Use of oxygen counters the foxic effect and enhances the elimination of carbon monoxide. In cases acute cyanide of hydrogen sulfide poisoning, nitrites may be used to generate formation of cyanmethemoglobin or sulfmethemoglobin. Hydroxocobalamin can also be used as an antidote for cyanide. Atropine and pralidoxime can be life-saying in reversing the acute cholinesterase-inhibiting effects of organophosphate pesticides. Chelating agents may reverse acute toxicity caused by some metals.
Atropine ; Carbon Monoxide ; Chelating Agents ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; Hydroxocobalamin ; Metals ; Nitrites ; Oxygen ; Pesticides ; Poisoning* ; Stomach ; Water-Electrolyte Balance

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Medical Services*

No abstract available.
Catheters* ; Extremities* ; Replantation*

No abstract available.
Fibroma*

This dental anthropological study was performed to analyse male and female students of Che-ju high school students. Cephalometric X-rays and dental casts were obtained of 60 male and 60 female students and the Mean and Standard Deviation were obtained. There was no difference in craniofacial morphology between male and female students but the size of craniofacial skeleton of the male is bigger than that of the female. The distance from NB line to pogonion is longer in the male group, and it meant that mandibular symphysis of the male is well developed than the female. The size of teeth of the male is larger than that of the female and is significant in upper and lower canine and first molar. The size of upper arch width, intercanine width, basal arch width and lower basal arch width of the male is larger than that of the female, but arch length of the male and the female showed no significant difference.
Female ; Humans ; Jeju-do* ; Male ; Molar ; Skeleton ; Tooth

Cholelithiasis is defined as the presence of stones within the lumen of the gallbladder or in the extrahepatic biliary tree. Cholecystitis, secondary to gallstones, is a common surgical disorder in Korea. Detailed microscopic descriptions, particularly the ultrastructural changes, of these diseases were not available. The goal of this study was to identify the ultrastructural alterations of gallbladder epithelium in cholecystitis with and without a stone, according to the degree of severity of inflammation, and the nature of the stone. The gallbladders of the control group, and cholecystitis cases without stone and with stone were fixed and examined with routine stain, special stain, immunohistochemical stain and trans-mission electron microscopy. The number and the volume density of the mucin containing secretary granules were not significantly increased in the calculous cholecystitis cases compared with those of the acalculous cholecystitis cases. Major findings were that the calculous cholecystitis cases showed a markedly reduced total lysosome area and volume density of the lysosome compared with those of the acalculous chole-cystitis cases. The differences between the mucin secretary granules and lysosomes, according to the degree of severity of cholecystitis and the natures of gallstones, were statistically not significant.
Humans

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Intussusception* ; Laparotomy*

No abstract available.
Ribs* ; Transplants*

In order to compare the changes of dentofacial skeleton, teeth and soft tissue profile in Class I malocclusion patients treated with and without extraction, cephalometric radiographs were taken in 22 female patients as extraction group and 23 female as nonextraction group who were treated in the Department of Orthodontics in Chonnam National University Hospital. The results were as follows. 1. At the beginning of treatment, average age was 19.0 years in extraction group and 15.9 years in nonextraction group. Duration of treatment was 2.8 years in extraction group and 1.7 years in nonextraction group. 2. Before treatment, there were significant difference between 2 groups in the amount of protrusion and proclination in upper and lower central incisor and lower lip protrusion. After treatment, these differences were decreased. 3. In comparison before and after treatment in extraction group, upper and lower central incisor protrusion and lower lip protrusion were significantly improved. In nonextraction group, retrusion and improvement of inclination of upper and lower central incisor were not found.
Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Jeollanam-do ; Lip ; Malocclusion ; Orthodontics ; Overbite ; Skeleton ; Tooth

Distal foot defect is frequently encountered as an output site in high-tension electrical burn injuries, and proper treatment methods should be applied in order to achieve a properly-functioning foot. However, in distal foot defects around the metatarsal heads or metatarsophalangeal joints, conventional methods have not been ideal, replaced by such methods as secondary healing, amputation or skin graft because there was insufficient tissue in the distal foot and the general condition of the patient was unsuitable for distant or free flap surgeries. So, in order to establish convenient, promising methods for the reconstruction of distal foot defects in severe electrical burns, we classified the distal foot into four zones according to their blood supply and we defined or created ideal reverse flaps in each zone. From April 1996 to March 1999, we reconstructed 43 cases of distal foot defects in fourth-degree high voltage electrical burn wounds. In 19 cases of MP(medial plantar) zone injuries, we used reverse medial plantar island flap and in 5 cases of DP(dorsalis pedis) zone, we created a reverse dorsalis pedis island fascia flap, In 11 cases of P(peroneal) zone, we created reverse peroneal fascia flap and in 8 cases of I (intermediate) zone, we modified a reverse posterior tibial island flap, There was partial flap necrosis or grafted skin loss in five cases, but those were extremely minor problems and we successfully reconstructed distal foot defects in all 43 cases. In conclusion, proper reverse flaps according to the zone of the distal foot are ideal reconstructive methods because they provide good vascularization, sufficient tissue from the proximal parts and they require short operative time with relatively easy procedures.
Amputation ; Burns* ; Fascia ; Foot* ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Head ; Humans ; Metatarsal Bones ; Metatarsophalangeal Joint ; Necrosis ; Operative Time ; Skin ; Transplants ; Wounds and Injuries