Bornstein and plate (1911) and Bassoe (1913), followed by many European and American, described the radiographic appearance of avascular necrosis of the bone in compressed air worker. Divers bone lesions was described for the first time by Grutzmacher in 1941. There is not any report of information on the caisson disease and divers bone lesions in this country. Inview of these considerations, during the period from March to June 1981, 124 traditional civilian divers and 132 Naval divers, were observed in eight Korean coastal cities (In-cheon, Sam-chun-po, Sin-hae, Pu-san, Ul-san, Ku-ryung-po, joo-moon-jin and Sok-cho). For each divers, a record was made of his medical history, diving experiences and frequencies of bends attacks. The clinical examination included blood pressure, body weight, a chest radiograph and routine checks of the shoulders, hips and knees, but an X-ray examination extended to the spines, ankles, elbows when symptoms existed. The results were as follow: l. Out of 256 divers, 113 (44.2%) had bone lesions, seventy-five traditional divers (60.5%) had bone lesions out of 125 divers, but naval divers, only thirty eight (28.8%) of 132 had such lesions. 2. Divers bone lesion incidence is increased with diving experience especially over 10 years. 3. The most frequent bone lesions occured in the upper end of the humerus, the upper end of the femur, the lower end of the femur and proximal tibia. 4. The most frequent divers bone lesions in X-ray was dense areas (Bl). 5. There was a high incidence (93.1%) in man with a history of the bends and significantly relate between the sites of the bends and those of the lesions. 6. Divers bone lesions incidence was increased with the length of diving experiences, diving depth, diving time, ages and with bends experiences.
Ankle ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Compressed Air ; Decompression Sickness ; Diving ; Elbow ; Femur ; Hip ; Humerus ; Incidence ; Knee ; Korea ; Necrosis ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Shoulder ; Spine ; Tibia

No abstract available.
Animals ; Ethanol* ; Killer Cells, Natural* ; Mice* ; Rats*

OBJECTIVE: We could measure diameters of lacrimal sac and surrounding bone thickness of normal Korean with accurate data by using orbital CT. METHODS: We measured the lacrimal sac, surrounding bone thickness, and frequency of Haller cell with thin-section computed tomography examinations in 115 normal Korean orbits with no signs of pathology related to the lacrimal drainage system for 1999 to 2001. RESULTS: The mean length of lacrimal sac was 10.45+/-1.96 mm, A-P width was 5.96+/-1.26 mm, L-R width was 3.72+/-0.92 mm. The surrounding bone thickness of upper portion of lacrimal sac was 6.46+/-1.40 mm, middle portion was 3.24+/-1.11 mm, lower portion was 0.78+/-0.23 mm. The frequency of Haller cell was 13.9%. The diameters of lacrimal sac and surrounding bone thickness were larger in males than females, and increasing tendency with aging. CONCLUSION: In this study, Korean lacrimal sac size was slightly smaller than the caucasian and Korean male's surrounding bone thickness was thicker than female. These data will be very helpful in making appropriate osteotomy by using the drill during dacryocystorhinostomy and avoiding unnecessary manipulation.
Aging ; Dacryocystorhinostomy ; Drainage ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Orbit ; Osteotomy ; Pathology

PURPOSE: This study was carried out for the clinical analysis of deviation axis of sensory strabismus METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 100 patients who had been diagnosed with sensory strabismus and undergone surgery. Etiology, age at onset of vision loss, duration of vision loss, refraction in sound eye, angle of deviation according to sensory esotropia and exotropia were analyzed. RESULTS: The most common etiology was corneal opacity which occurred in 17 patients (17.0%). Fifteen patients had esotropia and 85 patients exotropia. Esotropia was commonly developed in congenital origin (9 patients, 60%) and under the age of 5 years (12 patients, 80%). Exotropia was commonly developed in acquired origin (68 patients, 80%) and over the age of 6 years (53 patients, 62.4%) (P=0.003). When the refraction in sound eye was hyperopia, esotropia developed in 3 patients (18.8%) and exotropia in 13 patients (81.2%). When the refraction in sound eye was myopia, esotroia developed in 12 patients (14.3%) and exotropia in 72 patients (85.7%). But there was no statistical significance (P=0.445). CONCLUSIONS: Type of horizontal strabismus in sensory strabismus was significantly related to the age at onset of vision loss, but not to the refraction in sound eye.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Corneal Opacity ; Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Medical Records ; Myopia ; Retrospective Studies ; Strabismus*

Purpose: To evaluate postoperative visual acuity, refractivestatus and rotational stability of toric intraocular lens (IOL)in correcting pre-existing corneal astigmatism.Methods: A total of 69 patients with topographic cornealastigmatism of 1.0 Diopter (D) and above who underwentcataract surgery between June 2015 and December 2016were included in this retrospective observational study. Allpreoperative toric IOL calculations were performed usingimmersion biometry. Appropriate formula to calculate toricIOL power was applied (SRK/T, Holladay 1 or Hoffer Qformula). All patients undergone similar uncomplicatedphacoemulsification with implantation of AcrySoft IQ SN6ATtoric IOL of different powers. Visual outcome, refractivestatus and axis of lens were evaluated at six weekspostoperatively. Ethical approval from the Ministry of HealthMedical Research Ethics Committee was obtained prior tocommencement of study.Results: The mean refractive astigmatism decreased from1.69 D ±1.10 (SD) to 0.81 D ± 0.40 (SD) at six weekspostoperatively. The mean postoperative sphericalequivalent was at -0.37 D ±0.64 (SD). Mean LogMAR foruncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity in sixweeks postoperative patients was at 0.29 ±0.16 (SD) and 0.12±0.12 (SD) respectively. Intraoperative to 6 weeks ofpostoperative comparison of IOL axis alignment showed lowlevels of rotation (mean 3.21 ±2.52 degrees).Conclusion: Cataract surgery with implantation of toric IOLwas stable and effective in improving pre-existing regularcorneal astigm

BACKGROUND: Chronic pain is often associated with changes in the immune responses, which highlights the need for the aggressive pain control to obtain a better prognosis. This study examined splenic NK cell cytotoxicity in an attempt to assess the possible changes in the immune function under chronic neuropathic pain after a partial transsection of the sciatic nerve. METHODS: After confirming tactile allodynia in response to the von Frey filament, a modified lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay was used to determine the cytotoxic activity of splenic NK cells on the YAC-1 cell line in C3H/HeN (H-2k) mice (n = 6). NK cells as effector cells were mixed with YAC-1 cells as target cells (1 x 10(4)/100microliter), resulting in an effector-target ratio of 1 : 25, 1 : 50, 1 : 100 in the culture medium. RESULTS: At 1 and 2 weeks after the nerve injury, all the subjects showed significant mechanical sensitivity compared with those observed before surgery. The percentage of NK cell cytotoxicity of the neuropathic mice increased significantly 1 week after the nerve injury but decreased within 2 weeks compared with the normal mice. CONCLUSIONS: In terms of the altered NK cell cytotoxicity, neuropathic pain can cause changes in the normal performance of the immune function.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Chronic Pain ; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic ; Hyperalgesia ; Immune System ; Killer Cells, Natural* ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Mice* ; Neuralgia ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries* ; Peripheral Nerves* ; Prognosis ; Sciatic Nerve

OBJECTIVES: Psychiatric patients are known to use alternative medicine more frequently than medical patients. However, the factors increasing the frequency of use are not clearly understood. In an attempt to find predictive factors for the use of alternative medicine, we conducted a questionnaire survey on outpatients in psychiatric and endocrinology units of a university hospital. METHODS: A total of 'first come, first served' consecutive sample of 95 psychiatric outpatients and 100 medical outpatients as a control group were surveyed. The questionnaire contained sociodemographic information, use of alternative medicine, clinical information, and depressiv symptoms. RESULTS: As a result, 62.1% of psychiatric and 23.0% of medical patients reported to have used at least one type of alternative medicine during the past 12 months. Logistic regression analysis revealed predictive factors for alternative medicine user as being psychiatric patients (odds ratio=4.09, 95% confidence interval 2.11-7.95, pc<0.001) and those who didn't finish high school (OR=30.23, 95% CI 3.68-248.18, p=0.002). CONCLUSION: The finding of low education as a predictive factor is contrary to Western findings, which suggested higher education as a predictive factor for use of alternative medicine. This finding needs to be replicated and investigated for culturally different illness concept and behavior. These finding suggest that asking the patient's use of alternative medicine should be a part of routine psychiatric history taking.
Complementary Therapies* ; Education ; Endocrinology ; Fibrinogen ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Outpatients* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between somatostatinergic tone (SST) and the size of growth hormone (GH)-producing pituitary tumors. GH levels of 29 patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly were measured using a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), an insulin tolerance test (ITT), and an octreotide suppression test (OST). Differences between GH levels during the ITT and the OGTT (DeltaGH(IO)), and between the OGTT and the OST at the same time point (DeltaGH(OS)) were compared according to the size of the tumor and the response pattern to the OST. DeltaGH(IO) of macroadenomas (n=22) was non-significantly higher than those of microadenomas while DeltaGH(OS) of macroadenomas were significantly higher than those of microadenomas. According to further analyses of macroadenomas based on the response pattern to the OST, GH levels during the ITT were significantly higher in non-responders. DeltaGH(OS) showed near-significant differences between responders and non-responders. In conclusion, as the size of the pituitary tumor increases, the effect of glucose on SST appears to be attenuated. Macroadenomas that are non-responders to the OST possess a portion of GH secretion exceeding the range of regulation by SST.
Acromegaly/*diagnosis/*pathology ; Adenoma/drug therapy/*pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use ; Female ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Human Growth Hormone/*blood/secretion ; Humans ; Insulin/blood ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Octreotide/therapeutic use ; Pituitary Neoplasms/drug therapy/*pathology

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical features and treatment outcomes between methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus epidermidis (MSSE) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) keratitis groups. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of case series was conducted of all patients with keratitis caused only by Staphylococcus epidermidis from January 1997 through December 2008. Sex, age, history of trauma, systemic disease, previous ocular history, antibiotic sensitivity test results, and treatment outcomes were evaluated. Patients were categorized into two groups as MSSE and MRSE according to methicillin-sensitivity result, and a comparative analysis was performed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in clinical features, such as risk factors or size or location of keratitis between the two groups. All MSSE and MRSE isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin. All MSSE and 17%, 50%, 52%, and 57% of MRSE isolates were sensitive to cephalothin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin, respectively (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in visual acuity between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: All MSSE and MRSE isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and to third- or fourth-generation fluoroquinolones In addition, approximately 50% of MRSE isolates were sensitive to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. There were no significant differences in clinical features of keratitis caused by MSSE versus those of MRSE isolates. Both keratitis groups had relatively good visual prognoses.
Aza Compounds ; Cephalothin ; Ciprofloxacin ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Erythromycin ; Fluoroquinolones ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Methicillin Resistance ; Norfloxacin ; Ofloxacin ; Prognosis ; Quinolines ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Vancomycin ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical results of corneal triple procedure, as well as the causes and the risk factors for graft failure. METHODS: Indications, survival period of graft, causes of graft failure, and risk factors for failure in 29 patients (29 eyes) who had undergone penetrating keratoplasty combined with cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The most common primary indication of corneal triple procedure was bacterial keratitis (24%), followed by corneal trauma, herpes simplex keratitis, and graft failure. The average survival period of corneal graft in corneal triple procedure was 29.2+/-23.2 months. The most common cause of graft failure was allograft rejection (56.3%). The risk factors of graft failure by an univariate analysis were preoperative unfavorable diagnosis (bullous keratopathy, corneal ulcer, and trauma), corneal neovasculization, intraoperative additional procedure (anterior vitrectomy, synechiolysis, and anterior chamber irrigation), immune rejection, and postoperative glaucoma, but were unrelated to methods of cataract surgery, graft size, or IOL position. In a multivariate analysis, graft rejection and corneal neovascularization were identified as risk factors for graft failure in patients undergoing triple procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal graft in corneal triple procedure had various success rates according to the many factors. Risk factors for graft failure included graft rejection and corneal neovascularization.
Allografts ; Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Corneal Neovascularization ; Corneal Ulcer ; Diagnosis ; Glaucoma ; Graft Rejection ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Keratitis, Herpetic ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Multivariate Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Transplants* ; Vitrectomy