Large recession of one lateral rectus muscle for exotropia is an infrequently used procedure. In this prospective, 27 patients (3 to 19 years, mean age of 7) with moderate-angle exodeviation(18 ~ 35 delta) were treated with one large lateral rectus recession(8mm ~ 9mm) on their non preferred eye. Initially, there was underaction of the lateral rectus muscle. Within 6 weeks, the lateral rectus muscle regained full abduction, incomitance resolved and the deviation was eliminated or reduced to a small phoria. Since surgery is confined to the deviating eye alone, operating time, length of anesthesia and postoperative discomfort is reduced. The average amount of prism diopters corrected after operation for 8 mm, 8.5 mm and 9 mm were 20.4 delta, 26.4 delta, and 31.3 delta respectively, cosmetically satisfactory result (within 10 delta exodeviation) were obtained in 90.1% of the patients.
Anesthesia ; Exotropia* ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Strabismus

A large recession of one lateral rectus muscle for exotropia is an infrequently used procedure. In this prospective study, 27 patients (3 to 19 years, mean age of 7) with moderate-angle exodeviation (18-35delta) were treated with large recession (8mm-9mm) of one lateral rectus muscle on their non preferred eye. Initially, there was underaction of the lateral rectus muscle. Within 6 weeks, the lateral rectus muscle regained full abduction, incomitance resolved, and the deviation was eliminated or reduced to a small phoria. Since surgery is confined to the deviating eye alone, operating time, length of anesthesia, and postoperative discomfort is reduced. The average amount of prism diopters needed for correction following operation for 8mm, 8.5mm and 9mm were 20.4delta, 26.4delta, and 31.3delta respectively and esthetically satisfactory results (within 10delta exodeviatior) were obtained in 90.I% of the patients.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Exotropia/*surgery ; Humans ; Oculomotor Muscles/*surgery ; Prospective Studies ; Strabismus/*surgery

Dematofibrosarcoma protuberans(DFSP) is a moderate-degree malignant tumor with high recurrence rate and low metastasis rate, from soft tissue. Principle of treatment is wide excision or Mohs micrographic surgery(MMS). Although wide excision has been performed with surgical margins of 2-5cm until nowadays, there are problems of preservation of surrounding normal tissue. Therefore the authors tried to identify desirable surgical margins and operative method. From January 1999 to April 2003, 12 patients with DFSP were operated. We applied different surgical margins and operative methods according to the location of lesions. On the face, we performed MMS with surgical margin of 3-4 mm in 2 cases although there are problems of operation time and expense. But on the extremities and trunk, we performed authors' method to begin excising with surgical margins of 1cm and excise extensively with MMS by 1cm in 4 cases after April, 2001 although we had performed wide excision with surgical margin of 3 cm in 6 cases before. There was no recurrence or metastasis in the follow-up period. So we think that author's method is effective in surgical excision of DFSP
Dermatofibrosarcoma* ; Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: Protein tyrosine kinase(PTK), protein kinase C(PKC), oxidase, as a mediator, have been known to take a role in signal transduction pathway of angiogenesis. The authors confirmed that PKC is the most noticeable mediator for abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cells through in vitro study model using the inhibitors, targeting the formation of three co-enzymes. In this study, we would investigate which isoform of PKC play an important role in abnormal angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cell. METHODS: In 96 well plates, 10(4) HUVECs(human umbilical vein endothelial cells) were evenly distributed. Two groups were established; the control group without administration of DMH(1,2-dimethylhydrazine) and the DMH group with administration of 7.5x10(-9)M DMH. RNA was extracted from vascular endothelial cell of each group and expression of the PKC isoform was analyzed by RT-PCR(reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) method. RESULTS: RT-PCR analysis showed that PKCalpha, -betaI, -betaII, -eta, -micron and -zeta were expressed in vascular endothelial cells of each group. DMH incresed the expression of PKCalpha and PKCmicron, and decreased PKCbetaI, PKCbetaII expression dominantly. CONCLUSION: Based on the result of this study, it was suggested that PKCalpha and PKCmicron may have significant role in abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cell.
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine* ; Cell Proliferation ; Dimenhydrinate ; Endothelial Cells* ; Oxidoreductases ; Protein Kinase C* ; Protein Kinases* ; RNA ; Signal Transduction ; Tyrosine ; Umbilical Veins

No abstract available.
Echocardiography* ; Mass Screening*

BACKGROUND: In Korean traditional medicine, human beings are classified into 4 groups accordance with the characteristics of physical constitution, named; Taeum, Taeyang, Soum, and Soyang. Most of Korean traditional doctors believe that the back ground of pathophysiology is differ among each group in many diseases. HLA is the most polymorphic gene and related with human immune response. It has been used for determination of individual identification, genetic diversity and a study of disease association in different ethnic group. It has well known that the most human inflammatory disease which thought to have some autoimmune basis are in some way promoted by genes of the HLA region. The purpose of this study is to observe the distribution of HLA-DR genotypes in 4 types of physical constitution in Korean traditional medicine. METHODS: Three hundred and ten Korean subjects(Soyang : 58cases, Soum :142cases, Taeum : 92cases, Taeyang : 18cases) were enrolled for this study. Genomic DNAs extracted by phenol/chroloform were amplified with allele specific primers and determined by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis with ethidium bromide staining for analysis of HLA-DR polymorphism. RESULTS: The genotype frequency of HLA-DR in a total or 310 Koreans was DR1 ; 7.2%, DR 2; 10.5%, DR 3;1.7%, DR 4; 19.9%, DR 5; 11.9%, DR 6;19.9%, DR 7; 7.0%, DR 8; 10.6%, DR 9; 8.7%, DR10;1.9%. There was no significant diffrence of HLA-DR genotype distribution among four physical constitution groups classified by Korean traditional medicine. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the classification of physical constitution in Korean traditional medicine is not related to HLA-DR genotypes.
Alleles ; Classification ; Constitution and Bylaws* ; DNA ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Ethidium ; Ethnic Groups ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; HLA-DR Antigens* ; Humans ; Medicine, Korean Traditional*

PURPOSE: We determined the rate of an occult contralateral inguinal hernia by conducting only a physical examination for the unilateral inguinal hernia patients who visited our hospital. METHODS: One hundred thirty nine patients were prospectively evaluated between September 2009 and October 2010. We divided the patients into 3 groups according to a physical examination of the contralateral inguinal area: Group A (no abnormality), Group B (suspicious) and Group C (definite). We defined Group B and Group C as possible occult bilateral hernia. In Group B, selective diagnostic laparoscopy was performed after the totally extraperitoneal herniorrhaphy was finishedover. We analyzed the rate of detecting a contralateral hernia, the positive predictive value and the accordance rate. RESULTS: Of the 139 patients, the number of patients in Group A, B and C were 113 cases, 4 cases and 22 cases, respectively. The age of the patients ranged from 18~86 years (mean age: 57.1), with a male to female ratio was 7:1. Twenty-six patients (18.7%) had possible occult bilateral hernia. For the left inguinal hernia patients, the incidence of contralateral hernia was 18.2% (12/66). For the right inguinal hernia patients, this was 19.2% (14/73). The detection rate of contralateral hernia by physical examination was 14.1% (19/135) and the positive predictive value was 86.4% (19/22). The accordance rate of simultaneous bilateral hernia was 57.9% for the direct hernia patients and it was 26.3% for the indirect patients. There was no recurrence or metachronous contralateral inguinal hernia occurrence. CONCLUSION: We can discover occult contralateral inguinal hernia by conducting a careful physical examination of the contralateral inguinal area. Conducting a proper physical examination is very important for detecting inguinal hernia.
Female ; Hernia ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Herniorrhaphy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Prospective Studies ; Recurrence

Even though it is generalized to perform synchronous lip and nasal correction, there are some cases in need of secondary correction of cleft lip nose deformity. In these procedures, the lengthening of columella plays an important role. We performed eighteen cases of the secondary cleft lip nose deformity correction using two different methods from 1997 to 2003. The central lip flap was used in eight patients and V-Y advancement flap in ten patients. Additional procedures including reverse U-incision, interdomal fixation sutures and suspension sutures were used for correction of combined deformity. Silastic nasal retainers were kept in all patients for 6 months. Both of central lip flap and V-Y advancement flap seems to be a good technique for lengthening columellar soft tissue. But new columella after V-Y advancement flap appeared to be too narrow and a bit unnatural looking and central lip flap left additional scar on the upper lip although it was conspicuous. We think that central lip flap is a better technique in a case with wide philtrum and narrow columella and V-Y advancement flap can be another choice in a columella with sufficient width.
Cicatrix ; Cleft Lip* ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Humans ; Lip* ; Nose* ; Sutures

Myasthenia Gravis is a chronic disease of disputed etiology, possibly an auto-immune reaction to the moter end-plate, characterized by exacerbations and remissions, a rare disease entity in Korea. Myasthenia Gravis has offered many anesthetic problems because it affects respiratory muscles occasionally and bronchial secretion from preoperative anticholinesterase therapy. The chief concern is to ensure adequate respiration both during and after operation. During the year 1976-1982, we have experienced the anesthetic management of 8 patients with myasthenia gravis and thymectomy. From our experiences, we conclude that respiratory care and disuse of relaxants is the key to successful management.
Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Korea ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Rare Diseases ; Respiration ; Respiratory Muscles ; Thymectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between multidrug resistance (MDR) gene and prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), several parameters were compared according to the expression status of MDR associated P-glycoprotein. METHODS: 40 bone marrow samples from 36 children of acute lymphoblastic leukemia were analyzed with immunohistochemical stain by C219 monoclonal antibody. RESULTS: 1) The expression of MDR associated P-glycoprotein was positive in 47% at the time of initial diagnosis & 66.7% at relapse. 2) There are no stastical difference between two groups in complete remission rate, relapse rate, mean 2 years survival rate. 3) Event free survival duration was 11.3 months (+/-8.5 months) in P-glycoprotein positive group, while 20 months (+/-7.3months) in P-glycoprotein negative group (P<0.05). 4) There are no stastical difference between two groups in the mean age, sex ratio, initial WBC and immunophenotype of subjects. CONCLUSION: These results suggested the possibility of adopting MDR associated P-glycoprotein in the design of therapeutic regimen and prognostification of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, a prospective, randomized study incorporating a larger population should precede before a firm conclusion of significance would draw regarding the prognostic and the therapeutic implication of P-glycoprotein in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Bone Marrow ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Resistance, Multiple* ; Humans ; P-Glycoprotein* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Recurrence ; Sex Ratio ; Survival Rate