HIV/AIDS pandemic has negative impacts on various social aspect. Thus, from 1993 Vietnam had introduced program of alleviation HIV/AIDS related damages, and expanded across the country. This program included methods encouraging high-risk people had further knowledge in HIV/AIDS prevention themselves and for the others. There were positive impacts of alleviation HIV/AIDS related damages to prevent the transmission of HIV/AIDS in community
HIV ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Knowledge

HIV/AIDS pandemic has negative impacts on various social aspect. Thus, from 1993 Vietnam had introduced program of alleviation HIV/AIDS related damages, and expanded across the country. This program included methods encouraging high-risk people had further knowledge in HIV/AIDS prevention themselves and for the others. There were positive impacts of alleviation HIV/AIDS related damages to prevent the transmission of HIV/AIDS in community
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Knowledge

No abstract available.
Growth Hormone*

No abstract available.
Neuromuscular Diseases*

Most of the former Korean medical terminologies consist of terms based on Chinese characters. The fourth edition of the Korean medical terminology was published in February 2001. Many terms originating from the native Korean language appear in this new edition. The background and process of publishment of this fourth edition are herein presented.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans

No abstract available.
Hypertension*

Alteration of H-and M-isozymfs of Lactic Dehydrogenase(LDH) were observed in the various tissues after exposing the rats to 50ppm and 250ppm of sulfur dioxide. These isozymes of the respective tissue were separated by Diethlaminoethyl(DEAE)-cellulose from tile tissue homogenates of brain, lung and muscle, presenting the activities by rate of reduction of nicot inamids-adenine-dinucleotide (NAD+). Pure LDH and the coenzyme NAD (NAD) were directly treated with sulfur dioxide in vitro order to find out the direct to sulfur dioxide on LDH and NAD+ and the results were as follow. 1. In the normal tissues, the H-isozyme activity was dominant in the brain and heart, and tole M-isozyme in the muscle. 2. In the lung tissue of normal rats, there was no different between tole activity of H-and M-type of LDH. 3 When rats inhale sulfur dioxide gas in concentration of 50ppm and 230ppm, it appeared that the H-type tend to be suppressed in aerobic tissues and the M-type in anaerobic tissues. 4. In the lung tissue exposed to sulfur dioxide, both the LDH activities were suppressed. 5. It seems that LDH and the coenzyme (NAD ) are not directly affected by exposing in sulfur dioxide gas.
Animals ; Brain ; Heart ; Isoenzymes ; Lung ; NAD ; Rats ; Sulfur Dioxide* ; Sulfur*

No abstract available.

Along with psychosocial factors of suicide, biological backgrounds of suicide are explored by extensive works mostly on biological markers, neurobiological models, genetic bases, and relationship with aggression and violence. The biology of suicide confers on neurotransmitters in central nervous system exploring metabolites, receptor binding affinities, neuroen-docrine challenge tests in brain, cerebrospinal fluid, blood and etc. The major concerns with suicide are focused mainly on serotomin system: low CSF-5-HIAA concentration, higher 5-HT2 receptor binding, and blunt prolactin response to fenfluramine. Postmortem study, in vivo study, genetic contributions, and some other issues such as suicidal methods, serum cholesteral, alcohol, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are reviewed and discussed.
Aggression ; Biomarkers ; Biology ; Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Fenfluramine ; Models, Genetic ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Pathology* ; Prolactin ; Psychology ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors ; Serotonin* ; Suicide* ; Violence*

There are a number of approaches in developing experimental models for depression. but there is no such thing as a best model for depressive syndrome. Animal models are subject to the obvious limitations inherent in the assumption that human psychopathology can be represented accurately in lower animals. Recently, the concern increasingly is to develop a variety of experimental paradigms in animal to study selected aspects of human psychopathology, and animal models should be understood as basically experimental preparations that are developed to carry out these objects. Therefore, a battery of a variety of animal models should be applied to permit detailed pathophysiological studies and to develop new antidepressant treatments. Animal models of depression basically consider behavioral isomorphism with the human depression a plus, but not a requirement, and the model behavior should be defined operationally in order to be reproduced reliably by other researchers and be responsive to those agents possessing demonstrated clinical efficacy in human depression. In conclusion, animal models of depression have played a significant role in elucidating pathophysiology of depression and developing current treatments for depression, but there is no single comprehensive model for depression until now. Each of the proposed animal model has its advantages and limitations. In other words, certain paradigms are suitable for studying certain phenomena, whereas others are more suitable for studying other aspects. The best model for depression depends upon what the question is.
Animals ; Depression* ; Depressive Disorder ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Models, Theoretical* ; Psychopathology