Soico-medical survey was carried out on six hundred and thirty Korean households in the cities of Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto, Nagoya in Japan from Nov. 1972 to Dec. 1972, and following results were obtained. 1. Age distribution of households showed the highest occurrence in the group of 40 to 49 years of age in the both sexes. Families with five members showed highest occurrence, and the average number of familial members was 5.7 persons per one household. 2. More than half of the householders were some independent enterprisers rather than to be the employees and most of the households had one familial member engaged in more or less liberal profession. 3. 19.4% of households moved into these cities form 1941 to 1945. 4. 40.5% of all the households had their own houses. The possession rate of noe's own house was higher in the households which had long period of residence in Japan. 5. 83.5% of all household had various medical insurance. And the 6.2% of the household which had no insurance stated that the reason for not being affiliated was "because to be the foreigner". Household of shorter dwelling period had less tendency to be affiliated to the various insurances. 6. In 41.3% of all the households, average medical expenditure amounted to 1000-5000Yen per month. And only 25.6% of household stated that they do not worry about the medical expenditure for the futures. 7. 66.3% of households were consulting to medical doctors for their sickness, such as toothache, severe coughing, porfuse sputum., children's fever and stomach pain etc. 8. 59.4% of households were using the facilities of health center services. The health center service was used mainly for individual health service rather than the environmental aspect. And 19.8% of households were not aware of health center activities. 9. It was found that 23.5% of households received the screening test of the adult diseases showed as following; stomach cancer, 8.9%; hypertension, 7.9% ; diabetes mellitus, 2.1% ; and uterus cancer, 1.6%. 10. Birth control was carried out in 17,3% of households but not in 52.5%. The chief reason of birth control was "because of poor maternal health" (40.4%) or " should no be done"(5.4%). 11. Most of them are obtaining the knowledges and information on family plannings, public nuisance problems and nutritions etc. by means of the mass communications, while those on preventing diseases and the environmental hygiene through the administrative organizations.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Contraception ; Cough ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Family Characteristics ; Fever ; Health Expenditures ; Health Services ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Hypertension ; Insurance ; Japan* ; Mass Screening ; Sputum ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Toothache ; Uterine Neoplasms ; Maternal Health

Protoplast fusion is a useful technique for establishing fungal hybrids to overcome the natural barriers. The ultrastructure of protoplast and its fusion process were observed using a scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and a transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The protoplasts were variable in size from 0.5~15microm in diameter, and the mean diameter was about 3~5microm. It was impossible to discriminate protoplasts of Lentinula edodes from protoplasts of Coriolus versicolor by size and surface structure. Big aggregates of the dehydrated protoplasts were observed, after polyethylene glycol 4000 treatment. Nucleus, mitochondria, lipid granules and various vesicles having granules were scattered in the cytoplasm. The vesicles were heterogeneous in size and vary from one protoplast to another. The fused membrane layer of the two protoplasts was observed. Time protoplast membrane contact and reorganization of membrane components were essential condition for protoplast fusion. Transmission electron micrograph showed fused protoplasts and flattening of the cells in the area of the membrane contact. We hope that our electron microscopic observations provide some insights into the understanding of the fusion process of protoplast in fungi.
Cytoplasm ; Fungi ; Hope ; Lentinula* ; Membranes ; Mitochondria ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Protoplasts* ; Shiitake Mushrooms*

The present study attempted to induce an acquired immunity against the dog hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum. The experiments were carried out to demonstrate and confirm whether an acquired resistance could be developed by the repeated lowgrade infections with the infective larvae of A. caninum in the abnormal host of mouse. In order to determined the distribution of hookworm larvae in the lungs and liver of mice after inoculation of infective larvae, 54 mice were inoculated with 1,000 larvae and sacrificed in batches daily up to 9 days after infection. It was found that in all cases the average total number of larvae recovered from the lungs and liver increased at 48 hours after infection, then began to decrease and reached 0 to 1 at the 9th day after inoculation. One hundred fifteen mice were immunized 2 or 4 times at 7 day intervals with 50 infective larvae, followed by challenging infection with 1,000 infective larvae and killed in batches at 48 hours after challenge. The interval between challenge and last immunization were from one to four weeks for each group. Sixty mice as the controls were given only challenging infection without previous immunization infection. Induced resistance was evaluated by the rate of recovery or the average total number of the larvae recovered from the lungs and liver in the challenged mice, compared with the controls. It was noted that the rates of recovery in the controls were twice or nearly higher than those in the previously infected mice in all instances and these remained low for the first 7 day intervals between the last immunizing infection and challenge, then gradually increased. From the above observations it is highly suggested that an acquired resistance can be produced by repeated previous infections with the larvae of A. caninum, even in low grade, in the abnormal host of mouse, and evaluated by the rate of recovery of the larvae after challenge.
parasitology-helminth-nematode-Ancylostoma caninum ; immunology ; recovery rate

The authors present 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma which occurred primarily in the eyelid. One is a 33-year-old Korean female who had the carcinoma in the right upper palpebral Conjunctiva, and the other is a 75 year-old Korean female who had the carcinoma at the margin of the left upper eyelid. These two cases were more likely to be confused with chalasion and were confirmed to be squamous cell carcinoma by the gistopathological examination.
Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Conjunctiva ; Eyelids* ; Female ; Humans

Since Senoo and Lincicome (1951) first have brought up for attention to the existence of malayan filariasis in Korea, several reports on the epidemiological investigations of the disease had already been made by many workers. However it is little known what kind of mosquitoes are involved as the major vectors in main endemic areas. In Cheju-Do, known as one of main endemic areas in Korea, Aedes togoi is most likely suspected as an important vector because of their abundant collections and vigorous biting attack to human. As a part of studies on filariasis in Korea, an essential preliminary is to determiine whether this mosquito, Aedes togoi collected in the above areas is receptive to the microfilariae of B. malayi. Therefore, the present paper is concerned chiefly with the development of B. malayi in A. togoi. It is also hoped that the studies on the larval morphology in the mosquito host and the structure of microfilariae will provide the base line data required for later investigation of the different vector hosts. The studies were summarized as follows: The measurements of the fixed points in percentage of the body length of microfilariae from the Giemsa stained thick films were made, and they showed that cephalic space was 8 percent,cephalic space length to width, 1.3:1, nerve ring, 21.2 percent, excretory pore, 30.8 percent, excretory cell, 36.5 percent, R1 cell, 66. 5 percent, anus 80.4 percent and body length 202 micrometer(l81-228 micrometer) maximun width 7.6 micrometer. A study on the development of microfilaria malayi in the mosquito, Aedes togoi was carried out at room temperature (24-30 C). Mosquitoes used in this experiment were reared from larvae collected from the tide water rock pool in the coastal areas of Cheju-Do and they were fed with a blood meal of carrier donors whose microfilaria densities were in the range from 0.5 to 0.7 per cmm of blood. All of the microfilariae ingested by mosquito exsheathed in stomach, penetrated into the body cavity and then migrated into the thoracic muscles of the mosquitoes within 10 hours, after two moults in the mosquito host, the length of the developing 3rd stage larvae reached in size of 1.3-1.7 mm x 23-32 microns with anal ratio, 2.6 to 3.6. The first appearance of 3rd stage larvae in the mosquito host in this experiment was in 8th day after infection. The larvae were observed in the various cavities of mosquito, such as head, thoracic cavity, abdomen, halters, eye and legs. During the larval development in larval development in the host, the shortening of body length was first observed and then elnongation was followed until becoming 3rd stage larvae. Aedes togoi was proved to be the most suitable host for this species of microfilaria malayi in the above endemic areas.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda-Brugia malayi ; filariasis ; epidemiology ; mosquito ; life cycle ; vector

No abstract available.
Animals ; DNA* ; LLC-PK1 Cells* ; Swine

Cytochrome compounds which act as electron transfer agents in oxidation-reduction reactions. An important example is cytochrome c, which has a molecular weight of about 13,000 and contains one atom of iron per mol. Our attempt is to evaluate clinically the therapeutic effect of cytochrome c on the healing wound of the lesions which supposed to be oxygen concentration is lowered than in normal tissues in tissue respiration, and it used in neuropathy, muscle paralysis, retinopathy, vitreous hemorrhage, corneal chemical burns in ophthalmology. The patients included in the following series: They were five cases of retrobulbar optic neuritis, two cases of optic neuritis, one case of axial optic atrophy, two cases of simple optic atrophy, two cases of muscle paralysis, one case of central retinopathy, one case of chorio-retinal atrophy, one case of maculra degeneration, one case of diabetic retinopathy, one case of pigmentary degeneration of the retina, one case of vitreous hemorrhage, four cases of corneal chemical burn, and one case of corneal dystrophy. After intra-dermal injection with cytochrome c, evaluated the allergic character and it was given intra-venous injection. The results were as follows: 1) In total 23 cases, had excellent therapeutic effects on neuropathy, muscle paralysis, and corneal chemical burns. 2) In general, we found that it did not respond to central retinopathy and diabetic retinopathy. 3) We experienced that it have response to the old lesions. 4) It was interested that the night blindness could be disappeared by cytochrome c use in pigmentary degeneration of the retina. Yet there remain certain problems so far unsolved.
Atrophy ; Burns, Chemical ; Cytochromes c* ; Cytochromes* ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Humans ; Iron ; Molecular Weight ; Night Blindness ; Ophthalmology ; Optic Atrophy ; Optic Neuritis ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen ; Paralysis ; Respiration ; Retina ; Vitreous Hemorrhage ; Wounds and Injuries

The results of treatment upon 56 cases of fracture of the patella, during the period from July 1975 to October 1978 at the department of orthopedic surgery, Soon Chun Hyang Medical College have been analysed. In sex distribution, 47 were male and 9 were female cases. The incidence was remarkably higher in male and the age group of 20-40. 2. 39 cases were fractured by direct force and 17 cases were indirect force. The most common cause of fracture was traffic accident. 3. The most common site of fracture was midpole and 27 cases were communited type. 4. Our methods of treatment were simple cast, circlege wire loop, tension band technique, partial and total and total patelletomy, etc. as indicated. 5, The mean duration of rehabilitation in the group of immobilized in 10 of flexion was shorter than that of full extension group.
Accidents, Traffic ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Patella ; Rehabilitation ; Sex Distribution

The infection with tapeworm of the Mesocestodes sp. has been rarely reported and only 8 cases of human infection were found in the world up to date. This is to report the first case of human infection with this tapeworm belonged to Cyclophyllidea in Korea. In January 1967, a 45 years old man visited to the out clinic of St. Mary's Hospital with the complaints of intermittent indigestion and abdominal distension nearly for 1 year. Laboratory findings appeared almost normal except increased eosinophils up to 14 per cent. The characteristic ova of Mesocestoides sp. were found by the serial stool examinations, which contained hexacanth larva inside the egg shell without operculum as in Cyclophyllidea. It was failed to reveal the scolex by the first evacuation, but one among 3 worms evacuated by the treatment with atabrine and enough purgations 2 months later, has been found the characteristic scolex. They were 85 cm to 136 cm long and the scolex had 4 distinct suckers but no rostellum, the matured proglottid had numerous testes bilaterally and ovary with yolk glands in central parts, and in the gravid proglottid spiral uterus was opened to uterine pore and characterized by the spherically distended uterine capsules. The patient had the history of ingestion of 15 snakes as raw about 1 year ago as usually seen in Japanese cases.
parasitology-helminth-cestoda-Mesocestodes sp. ; case report

The incidence of allergic disease in pediatric outpatient department of a hospital, where primary care is undertaking, was studied from Apr. 1, 1989 to Mar. 32, 1990. The results were as follows, 1) The incidence of respiratory tract disease was the highest with the value of 57.2% of the total patients, followed by gastrointestinal tract disease(13.9%), infectious disease (6.7%), visit for preventive medicine (6.7%), allergic disease (3.0%), neurologic disease (2.9%), cardiovascular disease (2.8%) etc. 2) The allergic patients were 3.0% of total patient and sex ratio was M:F=1.4:1. 3) The allergic patients were most prevalent in1~3 years of age group (46.6%)followed by under 1 year old group (22.4%), and 4~6 years of group (21.3%). 4) The allergic disease was most prevalent in fall (42.8%), followed by spring (20.4%), and winter(19.0%). 5) Among the allergic disease, asthma was most frequent (67.4%), followed by allergic rhinitis(11.8%), atopic dermatitis (10.6%), urticaria (9.3%). 6) Bronchial asthma was most prevalent among 1~3 years of age group (51.9%) and in fall (50.0%) 7) Allergic rhinitis was most frequent among 1~3 years of age group (40.9%) and in fall (34.8%). 8) Atopic dermatitis was most frequent among under 1 year of age group(64.4%)and in spring and winter(28.8%). 9) Urticaria was most frequent among 1~3 years of age group (36.5%) and in summer (32.7%). 10) The percentage of each allergic disease to the total outpatient was as follows; asthma (2.0%), allergic rhinitis(0.40%), atopic dermatitis(0.3%), urticaria (0.3%). 11) Sex ratio of each allergic disease was as follows; asthma (1.5:1), allergic rhinitis(1.6:1), atopic dermatitis (1.1:1), urticaria (1.4:1). With these findings, we ovserved that allergic disease is the fifth most common disease group among the pediatric out patients, covering 3.0% of total patients. Recently, we have had the idea that the prevalence of allergic disease is increasing remarkably. The findings of this study can be used as one of basic data for the study of prvalence and increase of allergic disease with further similar trials afterward.
Asthma ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Communicable Diseases ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Mortuary Practice ; Outpatients* ; Prevalence ; Preventive Medicine ; Primary Health Care ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; Rhinitis ; Sex Ratio ; Urticaria