At the time in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, patients with unsuitable endometrium recovered by hormone. However, the overtreatment of hormone causes indispositionly the uterus internal secretion and finally induces endometriosis. Therefore, this study was done to inverstigate the effects of interleukin-2, which was known to differentiator and proliferator of T cells, on proliferation of the endometrial stromal cells in vitro. We have exammined the effects of interleukin-2, on the proliferation of bovine endometrial stromal cells in vitro, assessed by ['H]-thymidine incorporation and MTT assay methods. Results indicate that we isolated endometrial stromal cells from bovine uterus and established in vitro culture system. And interleukin-2 showed distint stimulatory effect on proliferation of the established stromal cells. These stimulative effects were not affected by estrogen and progesterone indirectly. In conclusion, these data imply that interleukin-2 may proliferate bovine endometrial stromal, cells, and it provides clue for understanding of direct actions of cytokines on the endometriat cells.
Cytokines ; Embryo Transfer ; Endometriosis ; Endometrium ; Estrogens ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukins* ; Progesterone ; Stromal Cells* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Uterus

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

Livedo reticularis is a mottled bluish discoloration of the skin which occurs in a netlike pattern and is not a diagnosis in itself, but is a nonspecific reaction pattern. It may be classified as idiopathic and secondary livedo reticularis. Decompression sickness can occur during decompression after diving into deep sea water or during a rapiid ascent from sea level, and is one of the many causes of the secondary livedo reticularis. We report a case of livedo reticulris which developed in a patient with decompression sickness. A biopsy from the purpuric patch revealed an unusual histopathologic finding that resembles those of bullae and sweat gland necrosis in drug induced coma.
Biopsy ; Coma ; Decompression Sickness* ; Decompression* ; Diagnosis ; Diving ; Humans ; Livedo Reticularis* ; Necrosis ; Seawater ; Skin ; Sweat Glands

No abstract available.
Fibroma*

The use of the interlocking intramedullary nails expand the possibilities for treatment of femoral shaft fractures, as illustrated by consistent and satisfactory clinical results. However, the technique is relatively complex compared to conventional nails and frequently poses technical problems. A retrospective review was undertaken of twenty-eight patients with femoral shaft fractures which had technical problems after undergoing the closed reduction and internal fixation with interlocking intramedullary nail procedure. We studied the types of the problems. Their causes, the frequency of problems with various kinds of nails, and discussed solutions of the problems. There were 21 additional comminutions and intraop erative splinterings, 8 angular deformities, 3 malpositioned nails, 3 loosened distal locked screws, 2 brocken drill bits, and 1 femoral neck fracture. Bone-union was attained in all cases (28 patients), but the period of treatment to attain bone-union was protracted to an average of 6.8 (5-12) months. In 3 cases, the knee joint range of motion was of limited flexion, 70 to 90 degrees, but in all other cases full range of motion was realized. 7 cases required 2 or more operations. The hospitalization period was for an average of 3.6 months. In conclusion, the importance of careful preoperative planning and experienced surgical technique cannot be overemphasized because we could see no significant difference in the occurence of technical problems in several kinds of the nail.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies

The recent trend in method of long bone fracture had been toward bracing or closed medullary nailing except for certain fractures that fall within well-established surigcal criteria. Functional bracing is gaining widespread acceptance in management of tibial, femoral, and forearm fractures and is well suited to humeral shaft fractures. Twenty four cases of humeral shaft fractures were treated with functional brace and early mobiliza tion from October 19S2 to June 1984 at Busan National University Hospital and the results were as follows. 1. The fracture sites were composed of middle third in 15 cases, distal third in 6 cases, and proximal third in 3 cases and the fracture shapes were transverse in 10 cases, oblique and spiral in 5 cases respectively, and comminuted in 4 cases. 2. The average time from injury to functional bracing was 13.0 days and to discontinuance of the functional brace was 9.0 weeks. 3. Nonunions have not been encountered in all cases. The residual angulation was under 20degrees in all but one and the most common deformity was varus in 20 cases. Minimum limitation of motion, mostly a loss of the last few degrees of external rotation, was detected after follow-up of 2 months but did not present any clinical problem. 4. The achievement of rapid and uninterrupted osteogenesis without undesirable functional or cos- metic deficit could be listed as the advantage.
Braces ; Busan ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forearm ; Fractures, Bone ; Humerus ; Methods ; Osteogenesis

No abstract available.
Herpes Zoster*

OBJECTIVE: In vitro fertilization (IVF) and a prolonging the time of culture may be helpful in establishing a viable pregnancy through a selection effect. Some embryos do not develop beyond the 4-cell stage and some may not develop to the blastocyst stage. We have evaluated the safety of SET and the outcomes of pregnancy. METHODS: Sperms were treated with Ham's F-10 supplemented with 10% human follicular fluid (hFF). Oocytes or fertilized oocytes were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) with 10% or 20% hFF respectively. Up to five oocytes were inseminated with approximately 200,000 sperm cells/2 ml in each well. Fertilization was examined in the following morning and fertilized oocytes were co-cultured until embryo transfer. Vero cells for co-culture were prepared in Tissue Culture Medium - 199 (TCM-199) with 10% fetal bovine serum. At the two to four cell and blastocyst on day 2 and day 5, embryo and blastocyst grading were evaluated. Pregnancy rate was determined after transfer of human embryos at the two to four cell stage on day 2 (Group I) or subsequent transfer of embryos on day 2 and at the blastocyst stage on day 5 (Group II). For statistically significant when rho value was less than 0.05. RESULTS: No differences was found in the fertilization between Group I(81.0%, 98/121) and Group II(81.8%, 180/220). In case of cleavage rate, no difference was found in Group I(95.9%, 94/98) and Group II(66.7%, 12/18) than in Group (26.3%, 5/19). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that SET is safe and effective, and significantly increases the pregnancy rate.
Blastocyst ; Coculture Techniques ; Eagles ; Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Follicular Fluid ; Humans ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Spermatozoa ; Vero Cells

OBJECTIVE: In the preparation of ICSI, cumulus and corona cells should be removed from the oocytes by using a combination of enzymatic (hyaluronidase) and mechanical (pipetting) methods. But little is known about the effects of different degrees of oocyte denudation and incubation time between denudation and sperm injection on the outcomes of ICSI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of varying the degrees of oocyte denudation and the lengths of incubation time from denudation to sperm injection on the outcomes of ICSI. METHODS: In experiment 1, patients (oocytes) were grouped into group A and B according to the degree of denudation, complete and partial, respectively. In experiment 2, patients (oocytes) were grouped into group I, II and III according to the length of incubation time of denuded oocytes until sperm injection as < 1, 1~2 and >2 hours, respectively. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the degree of oocyte denudation on the survival, fertilization and development rates after ICSI procedure. In case of the incubation time of denuded oocytes until ICSI, survival rates was higher in group III (83.1%) than in group I (61.5%, p<0.05) or group II (64.3%). However no statistically significant differences were found between incubation time and fertilization or development rates. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that the outcomes of ICSI are not affected by the degree (complete or partial) of oocyte denudation. However the denuded oocytes with incubation period of more than 2 hours show better outcomes of ICSI than those with the incubation period of less than 2 hours.
Fertilization ; Humans* ; Oocytes* ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic* ; Spermatozoa ; Survival Rate