No abstract available.
Environmental Monitoring* ; Health Promotion*

The near point of accommodation of 500 normal Koreans aged 8 to 70 was measured for the monocular and binocular states. Push-up method with Slataper's one-two line card was used. Calculation for the near:point was measured by Prince rule with AD phoropter. The results were divided into 15 age groups as follows; 1. The age group of 8 to 11 ; The range:of monocular accommodative power was 17.2D. to 12.3D. The mean value was 15.2D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 19.2D. to 14.2D. The mean value was 17.4D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 2.2D. 2. The age group of 12 to 15 ; The range of monocular accommodative power was 15.2D. to 10.4D. The mean value was 13.8D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 18.8D. to 13.9D. The mean value was 15.4D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 1.6D. 3. The age group of 16 to 19 ; The range of monocular acocmmodative power was 14.8D. to 9.8D. The mean value was 12.3D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 17.6D. to 12.4D. The mean value was 13.7D. The eXcess of binocular accommodative power was 1.4D. 4. The age group of 20 to 23 ; The range of monocular accommodative power was 13.4D. to 8.8D. The mean value was 11.2D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 15.9D. to 10.8D. The mean value was 12.6D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 1.4D. 5. The age group of 24 to 27 ; The range of monocular accommodative power was 12.8D. to 8.0D. The mean value was 10.4D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 13.7D. to 9.2D. The mean value was 11.8D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 1.4D. 6. The age group of 28 to 31 ; The range of monocular accommodative power was 12.0D. to 7.4D. The mean value was 9.5D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 12.8D. to 8.6D. The mean value was 10.8D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 1.3D. 7. The age group of 32 to 35 ; The range of monocular accommodative power was 11.4D. to 6.6D. The mean value was 8.8D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 11.9D. to 7.9D. The mean value was 10.0D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 1.2D. 8. The age group of 36 to 39 ; The range of monocular accommodative power was 10.2D. to 5.3D. The mean value was 7.2D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 11.2D. to 6.8D. The mean value was 8.4D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 1.2D. 9. The age group of 40 to 43 ; The range of monocular accommodative power was 8.2D. to 3.8D. The mean value was 5.4D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 9.7D. to 5.0D. The mean value was 6.4D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 1.0D. 10. The age group of 44 to 47 ; The range of monocular accommodative power was 7.8D. to 2.3D. The mean value was 4.1D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 9.1D. to 3.4D. The mean value was 4.9D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 0.8D. 11. The age group of 48 to 51 ; The range of monocular accommodative power was 4.0D. to 1.2D. The mean value was 2.0D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 6.2D. to 1.6D. The mean value was 2.8D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 0.8D. 12. The age group of 52 to 55 ; The range of monocular accmmodative power was 2.7D. to 0.9D. The mean value was 1.8D. The ranie of binocular accommodative power was 4.3D. to 1.0D. The mean valae was 2.0D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 0.5D. 13. The age group of 56 to 59 ; The range of monocular accomIllodative power was 1.8D. to 0.7D. The mean value was 1.0D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 2.8D. to 0.7D. The mean value was 1.5D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 0.5D. 14. The age group of 60 to 63 ; The range of monocular accommodative power was 1.2D. to 0.4D. The mean value was 0.7D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 1.8D. to 0.5D. The mean value was 1.0D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 0.3D. 15. The age group of 64 to 70 ; The range of monocular accommodative power was 1.0D. to 0.2D. The mean value was 0.6D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 1.6D. to 0.4D. The mean value was 0.8D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 0.2D. The human ocular occommodative power was decreased according to the increasing age. The binocular accommodative power was larger than the monocular accommodative power. The excess between binocular and monocular accommodative power was also decreased according to the increasing age. In all age group, the mean excess between binocular and monocular accommodative power was about 1.0 diopter that was more or less larger than the Duane's. In the age group of 50 years below, these values were larger than the Duane's. In the age group of 50 years above, these values were similar to the Duane's.
Humans ; Telescopes

No abstract available.
Hemorrhoids*

No abstract available.
Breast* ; Humans*

Authors evaluated the accuracy of preoperative pelvic CT scan staging and its effects on management in 12 biopsy proved rectal cancer patients. Authors also studied postoperative CT in 5 patients to detect disease recurrence and metastasis. Preoperative CT staging was identical to surgical and/or pathological staging in 9 patients (75%), but it was underestimated in two cases and overestimated in one instance than in surgical stagings. In 7 cases, CT scan did not alter original choice of procedures. However, preoperative CT staging gave definitive informations to change management plans in 5 cases otherwise the treatment would be difficult and inadequate. Postoperative CT showed local recurrence in one and liver metastases in 2 cases. One of them was not detected at exploratory laparotomy.
Biopsy ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Liver ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Recurrence ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

No abstract available.
Nifedipine* ; Vasopressins*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the utility of ultrasonograpy(US) as a guide in deciding drainage methods and as a prognostic factor in the prediction of pleural fibrosis, and to compare the effects of drainage methods in patients with tuberculous pleural effusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 51 patients with tuberculous pleural effusion, US patterns of pleural effusion were classified according to degree of septa into three groups, into three groups, as follows: anechoic (n=5), linear septa (n=15), and honeycombing septa (n=31). US-guided drainage methods, including thoracentesis (n=17), percutaneous catheter insertion (n=12), catheter insertion with urokinase instillation (n=22) were employed. Therapeutic effects were evaluated with follow-up chest radiographs after 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: Three months after the procedure, 43 of 51 effusions had drained effectively. US guided drainage failed in eight patients including two of six with linear septated effusion treated with thoracentesis, four of seven with honeycomb septated effusion treated with thoracentesis, and two of six with honeycombing septated effusion treated with catheter drainage. There was no drainage failure in patients with anechoic effusions and in patients with urokinase instillation. Late effects were assessed in 39 patients after 6 months. Follow-up radiographs available in 39 patients demonstrated pleural fibrosis with intercostal space narrowing in 7 patients with honeycomb septated effusion, 3 patients with linear septated effusion, and none of the patients with anechoic effusions. CONCLUSION: The pattern of septa seen on US could be a useful factor for determining drainage methods and predicting late results in tuberculous pleural effusion. Percutaneous catheter drainage with urokinase instillation was a good drainage modality for patients with septated pleural effusions. Pleural fibrosis is more frequently induced by septated pleural effusion than by anechoic pleural effusion.
Catheters ; Drainage* ; Fibrosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pleural Effusion* ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Ultrasonography* ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator

Dissociated vertical deviation(DVD) is a clinical entity consisting of an up ward and extorsional drift of a nonfixating eye. This can occur spontaneously or during occlusion of that eye. The cosmetic importance of surgical management of manifest DVD has been agreed upon, but a number of different operative approaches have been cited in the literature. The surgical treatments for DVD are large recession of the superior rectus(10-16mm), resection of the inferior rect-us as much as 8mm, posterior fixation suture of the superior rectus and posterior fixation suture combined with the superior rectus recession. However, in comparing the long-term effect of recession of the superior rectus muscle, reces-sion of the superior rectus muscle combined with posterior fixation, with that of posterior fixation of the superior rectus muscle without recession, Duncan and von Noorden concluded that the best results are obtained by conventional recession of the superior rectus muscle(4 to 5mm) combined with posterior fixation of 12-15mm behind the muscle insertion. 8 eyes of 7 patients received 4mm recession of the superior rectus muscle combined with 12-15mm posterior fixation suture for the treatment of DVD. All patients were followed for postoperative period of 4 weeks to 20 months. The results were as follows: 1. The amount of preoperative DVD has ranged from 20 delta to 38 delta. 2. The amount of postoperative DVD has ranged from 0 delta to 10 delta, and the effect of that surgery has ranged from 10 delta to 33 delta, average 23 delta. 3. After operation 7 of 8 eyes were aligned, within the good to excellent categories (0-10 delta).
Humans ; Postoperative Period ; Sutures*

The use of osseointegrated implants is an accepted procedure for the treatment of Total, or partial edentulism and offers good predictability of long-term success. Osseointegration implies a firm and direct interlocking between vital bone and screw-shaped titanium implants. There should be not to interposed tissue between fixture and bone. This study was undertaken to assess the clinical condition, complication, and prosthodontic aftercare of different implant systems. One hundred fifty-nine patients treated with a total of 503 endosseous implants (364 Steri-oss threaded type, 69 Integral cylinder with HA coated type, 35 Steri-oss threaded with HA coated type, 21 Steri-oss cylinder with HA coated type and 14 3i implant type), Most of the implant were placed in type B and C bone quantity and type 2 and 3 bone quality according to Lekhorm and Zarb. The success rate of Steri-oss threaded type during healing and function was 92%, Steri-oss threaded type with hydroxyapatite coated was 91%, Steri-oss cylinder type with hydroxyapatite coated was 90%, Integral cylinder type with hydroxyapatite coated was 90% and 3i implant type was 93%. One hundred twenty-nine patients had been treated with implant prosthesis. 79 of these patients had received a fixed type prosthesis and 50 patients had received a removable type prosthesis. There were no differences between the implant systems with regard to age, gender. Failures were associated with poor bone quality, smaller implant sizes, a surgical installation technique and stress distribution when in function. Visual analgoue scales recorded as satisfied results functionally and esthetically, but 15% dissatified with chewing ability.
Aftercare ; Dental Implants* ; Durapatite ; Humans ; Mastication ; Mouth Rehabilitation* ; Mouth* ; Osseointegration ; Prostheses and Implants ; Prosthodontics ; Titanium ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of study was to assess the status of posterior communicating artery in patient with aneurysms arising from the internal carotid-posterior communicating artery and the angiographic blood flow pattern of anterior-posterior circulation through the posterior communicating artery especially to the posterior cerebral artery. The clinical outcomes according to the pattern of posterior communicating artery and the blood flow to the posterior cerebral artery were analysed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The data includes 41 cases of internal carotid-posterior communicating artery aneurysm among 248 cases of aneurysms which were operated from September 1993 to August 1998. The clinical informations were obtained by review of the records and radiologic films retrospectively. The statistical analysis were performed using Chi-square tests. RESULTS: The female was predominant and peak age was fifties. The operative result was in close relation with initial Hunt-Hess grades(p=0.039), Fisher grade(p=0.001) but showed no statistical differences with age(p=0.106). The flow pattern of posterior cerebral artery was mainly from both anterior and posterior circulation(28cases, 68%), and the size of posterior communicating artery was smaller than P1 segment of posterior cerebral artery in 28cases(68%) but each of them showed no statistical differences with outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Even though there were no statistical differences of outcome according to the size of posterior communicating artery and the pattern of blood flow to the posterior cerebral artery, it is mandatory to save the posterior communicating artery for the preservation of otherwise normal blood flow to the perforators and main branches of posterior circulation.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Posterior Cerebral Artery ; Retrospective Studies