No abstract available.
Environmental Monitoring* ; Health Promotion*

The near point of accommodation of 500 normal Koreans aged 8 to 70 was measured for the monocular and binocular states. Push-up method with Slataper's one-two line card was used. Calculation for the near:point was measured by Prince rule with AD phoropter. The results were divided into 15 age groups as follows; 1. The age group of 8 to 11 ; The range:of monocular accommodative power was 17.2D. to 12.3D. The mean value was 15.2D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 19.2D. to 14.2D. The mean value was 17.4D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 2.2D. 2. The age group of 12 to 15 ; The range of monocular accommodative power was 15.2D. to 10.4D. The mean value was 13.8D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 18.8D. to 13.9D. The mean value was 15.4D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 1.6D. 3. The age group of 16 to 19 ; The range of monocular acocmmodative power was 14.8D. to 9.8D. The mean value was 12.3D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 17.6D. to 12.4D. The mean value was 13.7D. The eXcess of binocular accommodative power was 1.4D. 4. The age group of 20 to 23 ; The range of monocular accommodative power was 13.4D. to 8.8D. The mean value was 11.2D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 15.9D. to 10.8D. The mean value was 12.6D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 1.4D. 5. The age group of 24 to 27 ; The range of monocular accommodative power was 12.8D. to 8.0D. The mean value was 10.4D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 13.7D. to 9.2D. The mean value was 11.8D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 1.4D. 6. The age group of 28 to 31 ; The range of monocular accommodative power was 12.0D. to 7.4D. The mean value was 9.5D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 12.8D. to 8.6D. The mean value was 10.8D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 1.3D. 7. The age group of 32 to 35 ; The range of monocular accommodative power was 11.4D. to 6.6D. The mean value was 8.8D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 11.9D. to 7.9D. The mean value was 10.0D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 1.2D. 8. The age group of 36 to 39 ; The range of monocular accommodative power was 10.2D. to 5.3D. The mean value was 7.2D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 11.2D. to 6.8D. The mean value was 8.4D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 1.2D. 9. The age group of 40 to 43 ; The range of monocular accommodative power was 8.2D. to 3.8D. The mean value was 5.4D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 9.7D. to 5.0D. The mean value was 6.4D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 1.0D. 10. The age group of 44 to 47 ; The range of monocular accommodative power was 7.8D. to 2.3D. The mean value was 4.1D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 9.1D. to 3.4D. The mean value was 4.9D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 0.8D. 11. The age group of 48 to 51 ; The range of monocular accommodative power was 4.0D. to 1.2D. The mean value was 2.0D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 6.2D. to 1.6D. The mean value was 2.8D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 0.8D. 12. The age group of 52 to 55 ; The range of monocular accmmodative power was 2.7D. to 0.9D. The mean value was 1.8D. The ranie of binocular accommodative power was 4.3D. to 1.0D. The mean valae was 2.0D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 0.5D. 13. The age group of 56 to 59 ; The range of monocular accomIllodative power was 1.8D. to 0.7D. The mean value was 1.0D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 2.8D. to 0.7D. The mean value was 1.5D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 0.5D. 14. The age group of 60 to 63 ; The range of monocular accommodative power was 1.2D. to 0.4D. The mean value was 0.7D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 1.8D. to 0.5D. The mean value was 1.0D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 0.3D. 15. The age group of 64 to 70 ; The range of monocular accommodative power was 1.0D. to 0.2D. The mean value was 0.6D. The range of binocular accommodative power was 1.6D. to 0.4D. The mean value was 0.8D. The excess of binocular accommodative power was 0.2D. The human ocular occommodative power was decreased according to the increasing age. The binocular accommodative power was larger than the monocular accommodative power. The excess between binocular and monocular accommodative power was also decreased according to the increasing age. In all age group, the mean excess between binocular and monocular accommodative power was about 1.0 diopter that was more or less larger than the Duane's. In the age group of 50 years below, these values were larger than the Duane's. In the age group of 50 years above, these values were similar to the Duane's.
Humans ; Telescopes

No abstract available.
Hemorrhoids*

No abstract available.
Breast* ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Nifedipine* ; Vasopressins*

Authors evaluated the accuracy of preoperative pelvic CT scan staging and its effects on management in 12 biopsy proved rectal cancer patients. Authors also studied postoperative CT in 5 patients to detect disease recurrence and metastasis. Preoperative CT staging was identical to surgical and/or pathological staging in 9 patients (75%), but it was underestimated in two cases and overestimated in one instance than in surgical stagings. In 7 cases, CT scan did not alter original choice of procedures. However, preoperative CT staging gave definitive informations to change management plans in 5 cases otherwise the treatment would be difficult and inadequate. Postoperative CT showed local recurrence in one and liver metastases in 2 cases. One of them was not detected at exploratory laparotomy.
Biopsy ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Liver ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Recurrence ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

OBJECTIVES: The present study investigates the status of inpatient psychiatric consultations at a general hospital in order to find factors that contribute to treatment compliance related to psychiatric consultations. METHODS: The subjects were 333 patients who were hospitalized at Korea University Medical Center Ansan Hospital from 1 September 2009 to 31 July 2010.The patients were referred for psychiatric consultation during hospitalization. This study investigates demographic data, request department, referral causes, requestor, psychiatric history and diagnosis, andpsychiatric treatment compliance. Treatment compliance was defined as whether or not the patient had accepted psychiatric treatment during hospitalization or outpatient department(OPD) follow-up. This study ascertains the factors that have impact on compliance, by taking binary logistic regression with compliance and other variables. RESULTS: Among the patients that were offered psychiatric treatment during hospitalization(N=310), treatment compliance was 82.9%. Among the patients that were offered OPD treatment(N=111), compliance was 55.8%. Elderly group(>65 years) showed better compliance to treatment during hospitalization than the younger patient group(OR=4.838, p=0.004). Patients with secondary psychiatric disorders showed better OPD follow-up compliance than patients with secondary psychiatric disorders(OR=8.520, p=.008). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients showed better compliance for psychiatric treatment during hospitalization. However they commonly have disorders such as delirium and mood disorders that have impact on the patient's physical state, hence further active measures should be carried out. Patients referred due to primary psychiatric disorders showed poor OPD compliance. Therefore clinicians have to suggest multidisciplinary interventions that will improve treatment compliance of such patients.
Academic Medical Centers ; Aged ; Compliance ; Delirium ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Mood Disorders ; Outpatients ; Referral and Consultation

Pelvic organs are generally sufficiently outlined by extraperitoneal fat, and there is a relative absence of physiologic motion. Computed tomography(CF) of the pelvic cavity is advantageous to demarcate anatomical features. It is important to standardize localization and volumetric measurement of intrapelvic organs in each plane of pelvic computed topography image. Forty four cases without pelvic pathology were studied in other to determine the normal morphology of the prostate and seminal vesicles on CT with the standard plane of greater trochanter to be appeared. The shape of pelvic cavity had android type in three-fifths and the size had 60.0~ 153.6mm(mean 95.3+/-17.7 mm) in anteroposterior diameter and 87.6~158.3 mm (mean 102.5+/-13.5 mm) in transverse. About four-fifths of the shape of the prostate had round type on the level of appearing to the largest prostate. About four-fifths of number of appearing plane of prostate on pelvic CT had 3 planes. The mean volume of the prostate was 32.6+/-7.2 ml and the volume of the prostate was well correlated with age(p<0.000). The mean anterior and lateral space of Retzius were 12.0+/-11.8 mm, 16.1+/-14.1 mm respectively. According to patient`s body weight and height, space were not correlated to body weight & height. About a half and one-third of the shape of the seminal vesicles had bow-tie and crescent type on the level of appearing to the largest seminal vesicles. About three-Fifths and one-fifth of number of appearing plane of seminal vesicles on pelvic CT had 2 and 3 planes. The mean length of right and left seminal vesicles was 40.4+/-5.2 mm and 38.7+/-6.1 mm respectively.
Body Weight ; Femur ; Humans ; Male* ; Pathology ; Prostate* ; Seminal Vesicles

PURPOSE: To evaluate the utility of ultrasonograpy(US) as a guide in deciding drainage methods and as a prognostic factor in the prediction of pleural fibrosis, and to compare the effects of drainage methods in patients with tuberculous pleural effusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 51 patients with tuberculous pleural effusion, US patterns of pleural effusion were classified according to degree of septa into three groups, into three groups, as follows: anechoic (n=5), linear septa (n=15), and honeycombing septa (n=31). US-guided drainage methods, including thoracentesis (n=17), percutaneous catheter insertion (n=12), catheter insertion with urokinase instillation (n=22) were employed. Therapeutic effects were evaluated with follow-up chest radiographs after 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: Three months after the procedure, 43 of 51 effusions had drained effectively. US guided drainage failed in eight patients including two of six with linear septated effusion treated with thoracentesis, four of seven with honeycomb septated effusion treated with thoracentesis, and two of six with honeycombing septated effusion treated with catheter drainage. There was no drainage failure in patients with anechoic effusions and in patients with urokinase instillation. Late effects were assessed in 39 patients after 6 months. Follow-up radiographs available in 39 patients demonstrated pleural fibrosis with intercostal space narrowing in 7 patients with honeycomb septated effusion, 3 patients with linear septated effusion, and none of the patients with anechoic effusions. CONCLUSION: The pattern of septa seen on US could be a useful factor for determining drainage methods and predicting late results in tuberculous pleural effusion. Percutaneous catheter drainage with urokinase instillation was a good drainage modality for patients with septated pleural effusions. Pleural fibrosis is more frequently induced by septated pleural effusion than by anechoic pleural effusion.
Catheters ; Drainage* ; Fibrosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pleural Effusion* ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Ultrasonography* ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of study was to assess the status of posterior communicating artery in patient with aneurysms arising from the internal carotid-posterior communicating artery and the angiographic blood flow pattern of anterior-posterior circulation through the posterior communicating artery especially to the posterior cerebral artery. The clinical outcomes according to the pattern of posterior communicating artery and the blood flow to the posterior cerebral artery were analysed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The data includes 41 cases of internal carotid-posterior communicating artery aneurysm among 248 cases of aneurysms which were operated from September 1993 to August 1998. The clinical informations were obtained by review of the records and radiologic films retrospectively. The statistical analysis were performed using Chi-square tests. RESULTS: The female was predominant and peak age was fifties. The operative result was in close relation with initial Hunt-Hess grades(p=0.039), Fisher grade(p=0.001) but showed no statistical differences with age(p=0.106). The flow pattern of posterior cerebral artery was mainly from both anterior and posterior circulation(28cases, 68%), and the size of posterior communicating artery was smaller than P1 segment of posterior cerebral artery in 28cases(68%) but each of them showed no statistical differences with outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Even though there were no statistical differences of outcome according to the size of posterior communicating artery and the pattern of blood flow to the posterior cerebral artery, it is mandatory to save the posterior communicating artery for the preservation of otherwise normal blood flow to the perforators and main branches of posterior circulation.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Posterior Cerebral Artery ; Retrospective Studies