To try to determine the type of medical service wanted by the rural population, in Chungnam Province, a survey amongst the populations of 6 counties was conducted; Within the 6 counties, 2 local communities, which had no access to local medical services, were surveyed. The 12 communities were actively involved in Sae-Maul activities, and total number of households surveyed, was 822. The survey was conducted over a 1 month period, from July 16th, 1976, thru August 20th, and the followings are the results, summarized. 1. The largest number of respondents desired a combination of Public Health Center and Country Hospital, followed in order by Private Clinic and Modern Medical Facility. 2. The respondents, aged under 40 years, desired the Private Clinic type medical service, whilst those over 40 years of age, wanted the County Hospital, and as the numbers in this age bracket, were larger, so the ratio was much higher. 3. Sex, educational background, and occupation did not play any particular emphasis in the decisions. 4. Monthly income affected the responses to the survey. These in the lower-income bracket, wanted the County Hospital, and the ratio was high. These in the high income bracket desired the Modern Medical Service, accordingly. Those with an income of 50,000 won or less, amongst the low-income bracket, favored the Public Health sub-center type of service. The ratio for this service was very high.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Family Characteristics ; Hospitals, County ; Occupations ; Public Health ; Rural Population

No abstract available.
Animals ; Mice* ; Microinjections* ; Zygote*

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate the relationship between the levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the peritoneal fluid of women with and without endometriosis and infertile women. METHODS: This study is prospective and case-control study in University hospital, enrolled thirty-four women with laparoscopic findings of minimal to severe endometriosis, and thirty-seven women with no visual evidence of pelvic endometriosis and with benign gynecologic disease. IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in peritoneal fluid were determined using commercial ELISA. IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations were compared among women with and without endometriosis, and with infertile and fertile women, and then also compared according the revised American Fertility Society classification. RESULTS: IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations were higher than in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis than in matched normal controls. Cyclic variations in IL-6 concentrations were seen in peritoneal fluid from patients with endometriosis: the concentrations in the secretory phase were significantly higher than those in the proliferative phase. The concentrations were higher than among of infertile women than in fertile women. A significant correlation between IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations and endometriosis stage III and IV was noted. CONCLUSION: Increased levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in patients with endometriosis in the peritoneal fluid may be relate to the pathogenesis of endometriosis suggesting that partially contribute to the disturbed immune regulation observed in patients with endometriosis.
Ascitic Fluid* ; Case-Control Studies ; Classification ; Endometriosis* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Fertility ; Genital Diseases, Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-6* ; Prospective Studies ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha*

No abstract available.
Calcium* ; Phototherapy*

No abstract available.
Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

Poliovirus Sabin 1 strain has its own special features that make it a particularly attractive live recombinant mucosal vaccine vehicle. Sabin 1 cDNA was manipulated to have multiple cloning site and viral specific 3C-protease cutting site at the N-terminal end of the polyprotein, named RPS-vax system HIV-1 V3- and principal neutralizing domain (PND)-concatamers were successfully cloned into the multiple cloning site of the vector system and produced expected chimeric viruses by transfection of their RNA transcripts into HeLa cells. These chimeric viruses have shown to express introduced HIV-1 subgenome concatamers efficiently during their replication in the infected HeLa cells. Expressed proteins were confirmed to retain the wild type structures at least in parts. Replication capacity of the chimeric viruses was slightly lower than that of wild type Sabin 1 likely to be due to delay in processing steps during their replication. Differing from the virulent Mahoney vectors, the rec-Sabin 1 chimeric viruses maintained the foreign gene stably during the serial passages. These chimeric viruses have also shown to be able to induce specific humoral immunity to the introduced vaccine proteins when inoculated into the poliovirus receptor-expressing transgenic (Tg-PVR) mice. Antiserum obtained from the immunized transgenic mice showed to have neutralizing capacity to HIV-1 in vitro. These results strongly suggest that the chimeric viruses expressing HIV-1 vaccine epitopes can be used as a good live mucosal vaccine candidate against AIDS.
Animals ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; DNA, Complementary ; Epitopes ; HeLa Cells ; HIV* ; HIV-1* ; Humans* ; Immunity, Humoral ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Poliovirus* ; RNA ; Serial Passage ; Transfection

No abstract available.
Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of methylphenidate on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the comorbidity of the disorder, using child attention problem checklist to .56 (male : 38, female : 18) patients from. March 992 to February 1993. The results were as follows: Among 56 subjects, ADHD alone were 20 (335.71%) subjects, and with one additional diagnosis were 31 (55.35%) subjects and with two additional diagnosis were 5 (8.93%) subjects. There was significant improvement on symptoms in the scores rated by teachers in 7th and 28th day after mentylphenidate administration compared to baseline score (P<0.05) and 28th day score showed significant improvement compared to. 7th day score (P<0.05) and 28th day score showed significant improvement compared to 7th day score (P<0.05). There was significant improvment on symptoms in the scores rated by parents in 28th day after methylphenidate administration improvement compared with 7th day score. In single administration of methylphenidate in Sunday morning score compared to afternoon score (P<0.05). In the administration of significant improvement on symptoms compared with the Sunday morning rating score of parents (P<0.05) and the 28th day comparison was also showed significant improvement on symptoms in the scores rated by teachers compared with the scores rated by parents on symptoms (P<0.05). Among group comparison, all groups showed significant improvements (P<0.05) except conduct disorder & oppositional defiant group.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* ; Checklist ; Child ; Comorbidity* ; Conduct Disorder ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Methylphenidate* ; Parents

No abstract available.
Diabetes Insipidus*

M-mode echocardiography has been demonstrated to be a sensitive indicator of the sequential changes occurring in the heart in systemic arterial hypertension. The changes in function as well as anatomic features have been recorded. Previous analysis has focused on the anatomy and systolic function of the left ventricle, analysed in hypertensive heart disease. 13 normal subjects(Group I), 14 hypertensive patients without evidence of cardiac involvement(Group II) and 13 hypertensive patients with echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy(Group III) were compared using M-mode echocardiographic data and clinical. findings. The results are as follows : 1) Mean age are; Group I : 41 years(19-62), Group II : 49 years(25-67) and Group III : 53 years(30-83). There are no significant age difference between Group I and II. Sex ratio are 4:9, 8:6 and 7:6 respectively. 2) Mean arterial pressure are; Group I : 98+/-5mmHg, Group II : 126+/-7 mmHg and Group III : 131+/-101mmHg. 3) Left ventricular posterior wall thickness are; Group I : 0.87+/-0.12cm, Group II : 0.89+/-0.12cm and Group III : 1.32+/-0.18cm(p>0.05 in I vs II). 4) Left atrial dimension are; Group I : 2.77+/-0.68cm, Group II : 2.96+/-0.44cm and Group III: 3.12+/-0.60cm. 5) Left ventricular mass arel Group I : 194+/-51gm, Group II : 192+/-51gm and Group III : 318+/-77gm(p>0.05 in I vs II, p<0.001 in I vs II and II vs III). 6) Ejection fraction are; Group I : 0.57+/-0.09, Group II : 0.60+/-0.01 and Group III : 0.52+/-0.01)p>0.05). 7) Mitral valve EF solpe are; Group I : 113.70+/-23.26mm/sec, Group II : 81.14+/-17.22mm/sec and Group III : 69.92+/-22.70mm/sec(p<0.05 in I vs II, p<0.001 in I vs III and II vs III). 8) AEI are; Group I : 0.70+/-0.04, Group II : 0.56+/-0.07 and Group III: 0.48+/-0.07)p<0.001 in I vs II, I vs III and II vs III). From the above results, the atrial emptying index seems to be an early indicator of abnormalities of left ventricular diastolic compliance in hypertensive patients.
Arterial Pressure ; Compliance ; Echocardiography* ; Heart ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Mitral Valve ; Sex Ratio