In critically ill patients, centeral venous catheterization is a widely used procedure for fluid resuscitation, massive transfusion, total parenteral nutrition, central venous pressure monitoring and hemodialysis. However, many complications are associated with central venous catheterization. Among these complications, hemothorax is rare but fatal. We recently experienced a 32-year-old female diagnosed with hemothorax due to subclavian catheterization who was successfully treated with angiographic intervention. There are no absolute indications of surgery or interventional treatment in such cases. Multicenter studies and consensus are necessary to determine the proper treatment for hemothorax due to central venous catheterization. Angiographic treatment is rarely used for this uncommon complication of subclavian catheterization. We describe a rare case with a review of the literature.
Adult ; Angiography ; Catheterization ; Catheterization, Central Venous* ; Catheters ; Central Venous Catheters* ; Central Venous Pressure ; Consensus ; Critical Illness ; Female ; Hemothorax* ; Humans ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; Renal Dialysis ; Resuscitation ; Stents*

No abstract available.
Gyeonggi-do* ; Mental Health*

OBJECTIVE: This study was to determine the effect of different concentration of calcium in medium on the preimplantational development of zygotes and early 2-cell embryos. METHODS: Female mice of ICR strain (5~8 weeks old) were superovulated and mated with fertile males. Zygotes or early 2-cell embryos were collected by flushing the oviducts 31~32 hours after hCG injection. The embryos were cultured in various concentrations of Ca2+ in medium or with EDTA, EGTA and Ni2+. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Treatment of high concentration of Ca2+ (3.42 mM (2X)~17.1 mM (10X) in medium didn't develop well compared to the control Low concentrations of Ca2+ (0.214 mM (1/8X)~0.855 mM (1/2X)) were deterimental to development beyond 2-cell stage. EDTA, Ca2+ chelating agent was treated with ranged concentrations of eDTA (0.014 mM~0.107 mM) to medium contaning 1.71 mM Ca2+ showed beneficial effect to development to blastocyst compared to the control. EGTA, extracellular Ca2+ chelator, was treated with ranged concentrations of EGTA (0.014~0.107 mM) to the medium contaning 1.71 mM Ca2+. There is no significant difference with the control. Ni2+ (50 micrometer), T-type Ca2+-channel blocker was treated to medium contaning low concentration of Ca2+. It overcame 2-cell block significantly. Rate of degenerated embryos decreased and developmental rate to morula and blastocyst increased more than low Ca2+ concentration alone. Further studies are needed for the overcoming effect of 2-cell block by Ni2+.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Calcium ; Edetic Acid ; Egtazic Acid ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Flushing ; Humans ; Male ; Mice* ; Morula ; Oviducts ; Zygote

To compare the efficiency, success rate and abortion time of applications of intravaginal misoprostol versus intravenous Sulprostone(Nalador) for mid-trimester pregnancy termination. Eighty three patients between 17-29 weeks of gestation with medical, obstetric, or genetic reasons for termination of pregnancy were randomized to receive either 50 ug tablets of misoprostol placed in the posterior vaginal fomix or 1,000ug sulprostone intravenously diluted I L of isotonic saline solution given as a 12-h infusion. Among eighty three patients recruited, fourty five patients received misoprostol and thirty eight patients received sulprostone intravenously. The average interval from start of induction to vaginal delivery was 13.35+/-3.34 hours in misoprostol group and 21.14+/-6.64 hours in the sulprostone group. The success rate of complete termination within 12 and 24 hours in misoprostol group were 57.7%, 93.3%, respectively, while in sulprostone group were 15.8%, 92.1% respectively. Oxytocin augumentation was 6.7% in misoprostol group and 7.9% in the sulprostone group. No serious complication occurred. Intravaginal misoprostol appears to be acceptably safe and effective agents for second trimester pregnancy termination. Misoprostol has the advantage of being inexpensive, easily stored and readily available. The regimen of 100 ug misoprostol inserted intracervicovaginally every 8 hours is the optimal method for pregnancy termination.
Female ; Humans ; Misoprostol* ; Oxytocin ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Sodium Chloride ; Tablets

No abstract available.
Diabetes Insipidus*

OBJECTIVE: The study was performed to compare the survival rate and the development of day 2 mouse embryos which had freezing procedures done. METHODS: We used three different vitrification solutions (EFS, VS14, DPS) and a ultrarapid freezing solution (UFS) for cryopreservation of day 2 mouse embryo. RESULTS: We tested toxicity by exposing embryos to vitrification solutions and a ultrarapid freezing solution. The survival rates are 100%, 97.8%, 95.6% and 100% (EFS, VS14, DPS and UFS). After cultured for 96 hours, hatching rates of each group are 93.5% (no freezing), 95.6% (EFS), 86.4% (VS14), 93.0% (DPS), and 93.0% (UFS). There is no significant differences among groups. The survival rates after thawing cryopreserved embryos are 80.2%, 91.7%, 69.5%, 0% and 91.8% (slow freezing, EFS, VS14, DPS and UFS). Also cultured for 96 hours, the hatching rates are 93.5% (no freezing), 84.1% (slow freezing), 93.9%) (EFS), 48.5% (VS14) and 70.1% (UFS). CONCLUSION:The survival rates of vitrification in EFS solution and ultrarapid freezing are higher than slow freezing (p<0.05). The hatching rate of vitrification in EFS solution cultured for 96 hours is highest, so vitrification of day 2 mouse embryos in EFS solution considered as more effective for cryopreservation.
Animals ; Cryopreservation ; Embryonic Structures* ; Freezing* ; Mice* ; Survival Rate ; Vitrification*

To investigate the maternal and child factors associated with early detection of cerebral palsy, 74 mothers of cerebral palsy children who were born since January 1, 1980 and being treated at Taegu Rehabilitation Center for the Handicapped, Rehabilitation Center of Taegu University, St. Paul Children's House and Pusan Welfare Association of Cerebral Palsy Children were interviewed from February to April 1987. There is no association between age of child when parents noticed the child's abnormality and educational level of father but it tend to be detected earlier when education level of mother is college or above compared with high school or under. There is a trend of earlier detection of child's abnormality although statistically not significant in case father is professional or managerial worker, monthly income of father is over 610,000 won, child is first-born, age of the parents is 34 years or under, child is a boy, and child has periodic well-baby check-up. The child's abnormality is detected earlier when mothers had 7 prenatal visits or more compared with those who had 6 visits or less (P<0.05). Parents noticed the child's abnormality first in 85.1% of the case whereas doctors detected it first in 2.7% and this percentage was not different whether the child had periodic well-baby check-up or not. The first physician's diagnosis of the children was cerebral palsy in 36.5% and the rest was normal, need for observation, uncertain, etc. Parents took the child to doctor for diagnosis 2-3 months after they noticed the child's abnormality and after the child was diagnosed as cerebral palsy parents either took no therapeutic measure or brought the child to physiotherapy or acupuncture or gave herb medicine before they started specific rehabilitative therapy. For early detection of the cerebral palsy children, teaching of evaluation method for child development should be reinforced both in medical school and clinical training course and should train the specialist for diagnosis and treatment of crippling conditions. Also, public education needed for the importance of early detection of crippling conditions and currently available methods for diagnosis and treatment.
Acupuncture ; Busan ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Child Development ; Child* ; Daegu ; Diagnosis ; Disabled Persons ; Education ; Fathers ; Humans ; Male ; Mothers ; Parents ; Rehabilitation Centers ; Schools, Medical ; Specialization

To determine the causes of and related factors to childhood injuries, the emergency room records and inpatient medical records were reviewed for 4,849 injured children out of 15,790 pediatric patients(<15 years old) who visited the emergency rooms of 3 university hospitals and 2 general hospitals in Taegu from 1 January to 31 December 1987. Out of total injured children, 54.6% were 3-8 years old and the male to female ratio of the total injured children was about 2 : 1. The leading causes of injury were falls and slips (29.1%) and traffic accident(28.2%). The frequency of injury was higher in May-October than the rest of months and 51.6% of the injuries occurred between 15 and 20 o'clock. Falls and slips took place most frequently at the stairway(25.7%). The most common interpersonal violence was inflicted injuries(85.6%) and there were 11 child rapes. Dog bites accounted for 67.6% of all biting injuries and it occurred 2.9 times more in male than in female. CO intoxication was the most common cause of poisoning (45.3%) and scalding accounted for 85.2% of all burns. Common places of drownings were river (32.2%), swimming pool (22.6%) and construction site(19.3%). To prevent childhood injuries, it is recommended to eliminate the hazardous environmental factors, to provide safe playgrounds, to educate the children for safety from kindergarten and the general public through mass communication, to establish a strict safety standard for houses, public buildings and facilities, and playgrounds.
Animals ; Burns ; Child ; Daegu* ; Dogs ; Drowning ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Male ; Medical Records ; Poisoning ; Rape ; Rivers ; Swimming Pools ; Violence

No abstract available.
Female ; Fetal Heart* ; Heart Rate, Fetal* ; Pregnancy ; Telemetry*

To analyse the clinical characteristics of children with atrial flutter(AF1), we reviewed(the medical records of the children who had been admitted and diagnosed as AF1 or 12 leads surface ECG during the period between February, 1986 and Octobe, 1990. The onset age of 25 children was evenly distributed between gestational period and upto 14 years of age. The sex ratio between boys and girls was 11:14. The cardiac abnormalities were detected in 21 children(dilated cardiomyopathy in 3, congenital heart defect in 18). In 4 children, AF1 occured in apparently normal heart. In 9 children, AF1 developed without relation to cardiac surgery(4 in normal heart, 3 in dilated cardiomyopathy, 2 in preoperative CHD). AF1 developed in 9 children within 30 days postoperatively(group A) and in 7, after 30 days postoperatively(group B). In group A, various types of operation were done. In 2 of them, AF1 persisted beyond the immediate postoperative period and 1 died of cardiac decompensation 3 months postoperatively. In group B, operative procedures before AF1 were Senning operation in 2, Fontan operation in 2, operation for tetralogy of Fallot, ventricular septal defect with severe tricuspid regurgitation, endocardial cushion defect in 1 each. Five children in group B( except 1 Senning operation and 1 Fontan operation) had significant residual atrioventricular regurgitation. The associated rhythm disturbance besides AF1 could be determined in 23 children. The sinus node dysfunction was associated in 8 ; the supraventricular dysrhythmia in 10; the ventricular dysrhythmia in 6; the atrioventricular conduction disturbance in 3, and no other associated rhythm disturbance in 6. The efficacy of various methods in conversion of AF1 to sinus rhythm were 57.1%(4/7) with DC cardioversion, 38.5%(5/13) with digoxin and other antiarrhythmic drug(amiodarone, beta blocker, quinidine, verapamil, flecainide), 25%(5/20) with pacing in esophagus or endocardium. The follow-up evaluation was possible in 24 children. Eight children were dead : 5 due to chronic decompensation, 2 due to sudden cardiac arrest, and 1 due to sepsis. Of the 16 alive children, 14 had recovered the normal sinus rhythm and the other 2 had persistent AF1. Twelve children without AF1 and 1 with persistent AF1 were on medication, Although there were none cardiac death in children without persistent AF1, 7 out of 9 children with persistent AF1 were dead. Of the 7 children with significant atrioventricular regurgitation, corrective procedures were done in 4. There were no death in these 4 children, despite of 2 cardiac death out of 3 children on whom corrective procedure were not done. In conclusion, the atrioventricular regurgitation was a significant factor in relation to the occurrence and persistence of AF1 and the prognosis was bad in children with persistent AF1. It is recommended to trat the children with AF1 associated with atrioventricular regurgitation promptly and more aggressively.
Age of Onset ; Atrial Flutter* ; Cardiomyopathies ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; Child* ; Death ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Digoxin ; Electric Countershock ; Electrocardiography ; Endocardial Cushion Defects ; Endocardium ; Esophagus ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fontan Procedure ; Heart ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Postoperative Period ; Prognosis ; Quinidine ; Sepsis ; Sex Ratio ; Sick Sinus Syndrome ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency ; Verapamil