No abstract available.
Occupational Exposure* ; Trichloroethylene*

No abstract available.
Urology*

This article describes the activity of the "Medical termonology practical committee (MTPC) of Korean Medical Association (KMA). In 2001, MTPC of KMA published the 4th edition of "English-Korean, Korean-English Medical terminology" which contains about 5,000 medical terms. The MTPC will continue reviewing the vocabularies. Obsolete terms will be discarded, new terms will be added, and the remainder will be revised by through-going revision of vocabulary. Our aim is to reflect the current usage of medical terms in the form of easily understandable Korean terms.
Vocabulary

Using a paradigm similar to the one employed by Crowe et al., this study was undertaken to determine the genetic characteristics of multiple neurofibromatosis in Korean people. Thirty three subjects were used in this study. All subjects were identified through an exarnination of the records of all patients who had visited the Department of Dermatology of Chonnam Medical University Hospital between 1967 and 1976. Relatives of subjects were examined whenever possible, The results of the study projected that the total number of persons in Chonriarn Province afflicted with multiple neurofibromatosis lies sornewhere between 880 and 16,500. Crowe estimated that between 2500 and 3300 patients could be found on Michigans lower peninsula. Sixty percent of this studys subjects presented as sporadic patients, a condition thought to be the resu.lt of a genetic mutation. They had no blood relatives who demonstrated the disease. Fifty percent of Crowes subject were found to be sporadic patients, and a similar study by a Japanese investigator revealed a sporadic patient rate of sixty percent. In this study, the rernaininp 40% of the subject group conformed to the expected genetic frequency, thus pointing toward the fact that rnultiple neurofibrornatosis is a highly penetrant autosomal dorninant disease. This was demonstrted by the fact that, of the 79 offspring bad by this group, 82 persons demonstrated multiple neurofibromatosis. This study also suggested somatic mutation in 3 of the 20 sporadic patients. Because this nutation did not occur at the germinal level, the patient is much less likely to transmit this disease to his offspring, One patient showed the usual clinical and family traits but the chromosome analysis was negative. Genetic issues associated with multiple neurofibromatosis are also discussed in this sturly.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Crows ; Dermatology ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Michigan ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Research Personnel

Fragile fractures, also known as osteoporosis fractures, insufficiency fractures, and senile fractures are a significant problem encountered by orthopedic surgeons. Calcium and vitamin D are essential for maintaining bone health and deficiencies in calcium and vitamin D are major risk factors for the development of osteoporosis. Sufficient amounts of calcium are also required for fracture-callus mineralization. Hence, compromised bone repair that is frequently observed in osteoporotic patients might be attributed to calcium and vitamin D deficiencies. Consequently, calcium and vitamin D supplementation represents a potential strategy for treating compromised fracture healing in osteoporotic patients.There is some clinical evidence of the positive effect of supplementation in fracture healing and posttraumatic bone turnover, but research in this area is ongoing. Calcium and vitamin D should be the primary treatment of choice in osteopenic patients with an insufficiency of calcium and vitamin D and for the prevention of secondary osteoporotic fractures. Calcium and vitamin D can also be used as addition to other primary osteoporotic medications such as antiresorptive or bone-forming agents. The role of calcium and vitamin D in fracture healing and the therapeutic potential of calcium and vitamin D supplementation is summarized in this context.

Fragile fractures, also known as osteoporosis fractures, insufficiency fractures, and senile fractures are a significant problem encountered by orthopedic surgeons. Calcium and vitamin D are essential for maintaining bone health and deficiencies in calcium and vitamin D are major risk factors for the development of osteoporosis. Sufficient amounts of calcium are also required for fracture-callus mineralization. Hence, compromised bone repair that is frequently observed in osteoporotic patients might be attributed to calcium and vitamin D deficiencies. Consequently, calcium and vitamin D supplementation represents a potential strategy for treating compromised fracture healing in osteoporotic patients.There is some clinical evidence of the positive effect of supplementation in fracture healing and posttraumatic bone turnover, but research in this area is ongoing. Calcium and vitamin D should be the primary treatment of choice in osteopenic patients with an insufficiency of calcium and vitamin D and for the prevention of secondary osteoporotic fractures. Calcium and vitamin D can also be used as addition to other primary osteoporotic medications such as antiresorptive or bone-forming agents. The role of calcium and vitamin D in fracture healing and the therapeutic potential of calcium and vitamin D supplementation is summarized in this context.

No abstract available.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Spasms, Infantile*

No abstract available.
Counseling* ; Infertility*

Lipoarabinomannans (LAM) is believed as a potential virulence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. LAM exhibits marked differences in biological activities depending on the types, arabinofuranosyl-terminated LAM (AraLAM) derived from a rapidly growing Mycobacterium sp. and heavily mannosylated LAM (ManLAM) derived from the Erdman strain. Collaboration between macrophages and T cells, especially macrophage activation by gamma interferon (IFN-r) and chemoattraction of T cells at the very inflammatory foci would be essential in defence against M. tubercu/osis. Chemokines Mig and IP-10 are inducible by IFN-r from macrophages and have been shown to act in vitro as T cell chemoattractants. However, little is known of LAMs capacity to induce chemokines Mig and IP-10 in macrophages. In this experiment, Mig and IP10 mRNA was expressed in the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) against BCG in BCG-immune mice. In some experiments, both Mig and IP-10 mRNA was evidently induced with different time courses in THP-1 cells stimulated with whole live M. tubercu/osis H37Rv (Erdman). To investigate whether Mig and IP-10 genes are differentially induced depending on the type of LAM, PCR amplification was used to detect mRNA of Mig and IP-10 from the THP-1 human monocytic cells stimulated with LAM. AraLAM, but not ManLAM, induced weakly Mig and IP-10 mRNA in the THP-1 cells. The induction of Mig and IP-10 was dependent upon the dose of AraLAM and exhibited different time courses. The mRNA for Mig and IP-10 was induced within 2 hr and 4 hr from the initiation of treatrnent and has disappeared by 8 hr and 24 hr under the experimental conditions used in this study, respectively. IFN-y at 100 U/ml, but not at 10 U/ml, was itself a good stimulus of both Mig and IP- 10 expression, and synergized with either AraLAM or ManLAM for induction of both Mig and IP-10. The expression patterns of MCP-3 were somewhat similar to those of Mig and IP10 in all of the experiments. These data indicate that IFN-r may contribute to effective macrophage function if macrophages are not fully affected by ManLAM, and chemokines Mig and IP-10 may a role in recruitment of T cells at inflammatory foci of tuberculosis.
Animals ; Chemokines* ; Chemotactic Factors ; Cooperative Behavior ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Interferons ; Macrophage Activation ; Macrophages ; Mice ; Mycobacterium ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tuberculosis ; Virulence

No abstract available.
Aging*