OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of cranial sonography and computed tomography in the diagnosis of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage and hypoxic-ischemic injury in an Indian set-up. METHODS: The study included 100 neonates who underwent cranial sonography and computed tomography (CT) in the first month of life for suspected intracranial ischemia and hemorrhage. Two observers rated the images for possible intracranial lesions and a kappa statistic for interobserver agreement was calculated. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the kappa values of CT and ultrasonography (USG) for the diagnosis of germinal matrix hemorrhage/intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH/IVH) and periventricular leucomalacia (PVL) and both showed good interobserver agreement. USG, however detected more cases of GMH/IVH (24 cases) and PVL (19) cases than CT (22 cases and 16 cases of IVH and PVL, respectively). CT had significantly better interobserver agreement for the diagnosis of hypoxic ischemic injury (HII) in term infants and also detected more cases (33) as compared to USG (18). CT also detected 6 cases of extraaxial hemorrhages as compared to 1 detected by USG. CONCLUSION: USG is better modality for imaging preterm neonates with suspected IVH or PVL. However, USG is unreliable in the imaging of term newborns with suspected HII where CT or magnetic resonance image scan is a better modality.
Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Ischemia ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

There is a need to design and develop an affordable motorized vehicle for better mobility among physical disabilities. This study aimed is to initiate appropriate and affordable materials to develop an accessible motorized wheelchair. It includes the feasibility study of the existing used wheelchair, the system used and the characteristic of the physical disabilities symptom. Through the observation, an existing motorized wheelchair uses stainless steel as the main structure, manipulating the shelves heavy-duty accessories, electrical component, heavy-duty battery and car pulley system in which the weight accumulates approximately 100 kg. The heavyweight wheelchair cannot be folded and put inside the car. It also needs to have a special carrier to carry the wheelchair. The field research has also been conducted to evaluate the existing wheelchair system in the market with various systems used, components, and motors material used in the area of technical, usability and comfort before start to redesigning the wheelchair. The results of the study would include the background needs of the characteristic of physical disabilities. The available high-grade aluminium materials will be used to support the mobility and their relevant properties. The design will be done all the way and the specification will be used as an instrument data for the motorized vehicle. The selection of design features, documentation of design procedures and results will be used to create a P.O.C (Prove of Concept) prototype for the meant vehicle. The user will use the preliminary prototyping test and the data (result) will be used to improvise the wheelchair prototype. The second improvised prototype will undergo the second user testing in the area of reliability, stabilization of system, and ease of usage. The results expected will be observed and tested by the user to lead towards the recommendation of the motorized wheelchair design.

The present study was planned to investigate the relationship between the magnitude of intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction after short-duration exercise and the intensity, duration and quantity of exercise in healthy subjects. Twenty-five healthy, sedentary male of the same age group, performed exercises at the levels of 80%, 60%, and 40% maximum heart rate (HRmax) for 15 minutes, 80% HRmax for 7.5 minutes, 60% HRmax for 10 minutes, and 40% HRmax for 30 minutes. IOP was measured with the Goldmann applanation tonometer. The IOP reduction at 5 minutes after 15 minutes of exercising at 80% HRmax, 60% HRmax, and 40% HRmax were 4.7 +/- 0.9, 3.5 +/- 0.7, and 0.9 +/- 0.4 mmHg, respectively. At five minutes, after exercising 7.5 minutes at 80% HRmax, 10 minutes at 60% HRmax, and 30 minutes at 40% HRmax, IOP reduced by 4.5 +/- 0.7, 3.3 +/- 0.9, and 2.9 +/- 1.1 mmHg, respectively. This study concludes that intensity of exercise seems responsible for the magnitude of the initial IOP decrease after short-term exercise. Furthermore, it seems that other factors such as duration of exercise or quantity of exercise, blood pressures, body mass index are not related to the amount of the initial fall in IOP.
Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Exercise/*physiology ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure/*physiology ; Male ; Reference Values ; Tonometry, Ocular

Introduction: Sexual assault continues to be a significant issue globally. It has a profound effect on the physical and emotional wellbeing of the victims. Methods: This is a retrospective study based on data collected from the ‘‘OneStop Crisis Centre’’ at Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun for the duration of 4 years from January 2011 to December 2014 aiming to highlight the pattern and prevalence of sexual assault in the city of Ipoh, Malaysia. Results: Ninety-six cases were reported with the age of the victims ranging from 4 to 63 years old. All the victims were female except for one. Forty-six of the victims were in the young adults category (19-30 years old) and six were above 30 years old. The mean (SD) age of the victims was 19.8 (7.9) years. Sixty-seven cases involved rape (69.8%) and 12 cases involved gang rape. Twelve cases were allegedly committed by relatives of the victim, 57 cases involved persons known to the victim and 27 cases (28.1%) were allegedly perpetrated by strangers. Most cases were reportedly committed at the victim’s’ own house (n=32). Conclusion: This study highlights the salient fact that most perpetrators were known by the victim. Rape was the commonest type of sexual assault and most victims were between the age of 19-30. The comprehensive recommendations for prevention of sexual violence put forward by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention should be implemented by all relevant parties.

Poultry farming not only provides high nutritious food but also creates employment opportunity for rural masses. Documented evidences elaborates that helminth parasitism is most deciduous problem of chickens especially in developing world. Ascaridia (A.) galli, a nematode of small intestine, has been considered as the most common and important parasite of chicken. The present study was carried out to investigate prevalence and severity of A. galli in White Leghorn layers (housing type: battery cage and deep litter, 50 each) and Fayoumi-Rhode Island Red crossbred (male and female: 50 each) flock rearing at Government Poultry Farm, Dina, Punjab, Pakistan. Two hundred faecal samples were examined by using standard parasitological and McMaster egg counting technique. The overall prevalence was 24.5% at farm, 13% in White leghorn layer (battery cage=2%, deep litter=24%) and 36% in Fayoumi-Rhode Island Red (male=34%, female=38%). It was also observed that White leghorn layer rearing in deep litter had more severe infection (EPG=1920) of A. galli compare with battery cages birds (EPG=500). Parasite prevalence was significantly related with sex (P<0.05) in Fayoumi-Rhode Island Red and male birds had less number of average parasites (0.34±0.47) as compared to females (0.38±0.490). Additionally, female birds were under serious threat of infection (EPG=2270) compared with its counterpart (EPG=1250). Given the high infection rates, particular attention should be paid to management and provision of feed supplement to White leghorn layer housing in deep litter and female bird of Fayoumi-Rhode Island Red crossbred.

Background: A written asthma action plan (WAAP) is one of the treatment strategies to achieve good asthma control in children. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted to observe the effect of WAAP on asthma control and quality of life using the Asthma Control Questionnaire and Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) at baseline and after 3 months. A repeated measure analysis of variance was used to analyze the mean score difference between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in mean score for asthma control at baseline between groups (F[degree of freedom (df)]=1.17 [1, 119], P=0.282). However, at 3 months, a significant difference in mean scores between groups was observed (F[df]=7.32 [1, 119], P=0.008). The mean±standard deviation (SD) scores in the intervention and control groups were 0.96±0.53 and 1.21±0.49, respectively. For the analysis of the PAQLQ, no significant difference was observed in the mean score for the quality of life baseline in both groups. There were significant mean score changes for the quality of life (F[df]=10.9 [1, 119], P=0.001) at 3 months follow-up, where those in the intervention group scored a mean±SD score of 6.19±0.45, and those in the control group scored 5.94±0.38. A time-group interaction analysis using repeated-measures analysis of variance showed significant differences in mean score changes (F[df]=5.03 [1, 116], P=0.027) and (F[df]=11.55 [1, 116], P=0.001) where a lower mean score was observed in the intervention group, indicating better asthma control and quality of life, respectively. A significant (P<0.001) negative Pearson correlation between asthma control and quality of life (-0.65) indicated a moderate correlation. Conclusion WAAP, along with standard asthma treatment, improves asthma care.

BACKGROUND: This study has been conducted with the aim of evaluating modified T-plate interpositional arthroplasty. METHODS: A prospective comparative study in patients admitted with temporomandibular joint ankylosis. Ankylotic temporomandibular joint arthroplasty included condylectomy gap arthroplasty in 7, temporalis muscle flap interpositional arthroplasty in 8, and modified T-plate interpositional arthroplasty in 13 cases. The patients were followed for three years. Collected data were tabulated and subjected to Fisher's exact test, chi-square test and probability estimation. RESULTS: A significant increase in interincisal distance of 32 mm was seen in 12 (92.31%) patients in the T-plate interposition group, in 2 (25%) cases of the temporalis muscle flap interposition group, and in 1 case (14.28%) of the condylectomy group at 12, 24, and 36 months. Re-ankylosis was observed in 1 case (9.69%) of the T-plate interposition group, while as it was observed in 4 (50%) cases in the temporalis muscle flap interposition group and 4 (57.14%) cases in the condylectomy group, and these differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our clinical experience with the use of the T-plate over the past 5 years has been encouraging, and our physiotherapy technique is quite simple. Even illiterate parents can assess it easily. Hence, we recommend this easy technique that does not damage the temporalis muscle for the management of temporomandibular joint ankylosis.
Ankylosis* ; Arthroplasty* ; Humans ; Parents ; Prospective Studies ; Temporomandibular Joint*

Studies have been shown that intraocular pressure (IOP) shows a seasonal variation, but amount of change differs from study to study. The variability in their results may be due to negligence of factors that can affect IOP. Due to differences in environmental conditions of China than other countries, we investigated seasonal variations in IOP of 103 healthy male Chinese of Shanghai. IOP was measured each month over the course of fourteen months with the Goldmann applanation tonometer. The average intraocular pressures in the winter months were higher than those in the spring, summer, and autumn months. The IOP difference between winter and summer months was found to be 1.4 +/- 0.7 mmHg.This study confirms that season influences IOP. As compared to other nations, effect of seasons on IOP seems to be somewhat less pronounced in Chinese. The possible mechanisms, responsible for the seasonal variation of intraocular pressure, are also postulated.
Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Blood Pressure ; China ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure/*physiology ; Male ; Reference Values ; *Seasons ; Tonometry, Ocular

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),which caused the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,has affected more than 400 million people worldwide.With the recent rise of new Delta and Omicron variants,the efficacy of the vaccines has become an important question.The goal of various studies has been to limit the spread of the virus by utilizing wireless sensing technologies to prevent human-to-human interactions,particularly for healthcare workers.In this paper,we discuss the current literature on invasive/contact and non-invasive/non-contact technologies(including Wi-Fi,radar,and software-defined radio)that have been effectively used to detect,diagnose,and monitor human activities and COVID-19 related symptoms,such as irregular respiration.In addition,we focused on cutting-edge machine learning algorithms(such as generative adversarial networks,random forest,multilayer perceptron,support vector machine,extremely randomized trees,and k-nearest neighbors)and their essential role in intelligent healthcare systems.Furthermore,this study highlights the limitations related to non-invasive techniques and prospective research directions.

The technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) whole-body bone scan along with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) can detect challenging soft tissue uptake patterns. We present a case of a 67-year-old female in whom the 99mTc-MDP scan, performed 3 hours after injection, revealed abnormal soft tissue uptake in the right thoracic region. No functioning right kidney was seen in the right lumbar region. Hybrid SPECT/CT revealed an ectopic right kidney in the subdiaphragmatic location, accompanied by gut loops and eventration of the right-sided diaphragm. This case underscores the value of SPECT/CT in identifying and characterizing unexpected anatomical abnormalities, such as ectopic kidneys.