No abstract available.
DNA* ; Immunophenotyping*

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare, chronic, mature B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder accounting for 2% of all leukemias. In this paper, we would like to present our experience in the management of HCL in a financially limited setting where other diagnostic tests and chemotherapy are unavailable. The case report aims to emphasize the recognition of the distinctive morphology of hairy cells in the peripheral blood in the consideration of the initial diagnosis. A 60-year-old Filipino male was incidentally found to have anemia, thrombocytopenia and an absolute neutrophilic count below 1,000 in a pre-operative clearance for elective herniorrhaphy. Blood smear revealed atypical lymphocytes with hair like cytoplasmic projections. CT-scan of the abdomen showed splenomegaly and prominent paraaortic nodes. Flow cytometry of the bone marrow aspirate was consistent with an involvement of a Mature B cell neoplasm markers CD19, CD20, CD22 and surface immunoglobulin lambda and hairy cell leukemia markers CD11c, CD103 and CD25. He responded to six-weekly sessions of Cladribine with remission of the bone marrow and hematologic parameters. HCL is a rare type of a mature B cell neoplasm characterized by pancytopenia, splenomegaly, bone marrow fibrosis and the presence of atypical lymphoid cells with hairy projections in blood, bone marrow and spleen. Immunophenotyping express CD11c, CD103, CD123, and CD25. BRAF V600E mutation is the disease defining genetic event. Cladribine and Pentostatin are the first line of treatment. Cases of leukemia can be easily overlooked because of the mild derangement in the complete blood count. A meticulous differential review of the atypical lymphocyte, is the first step in the diagnosis of this rare disease.
Leukemia, Hairy Cell ; Cladribine ; Immunophenotyping

Multiple myeloma is a common hematological malignancy which is characterized by plasma cell malignancies proliferation and osteolysis destruction. It manifests M-protein, bone destruction, anemia, renal function impairment and immune function abnormality. In recent years, researchers have known that flow cytometric immunophenotyping is valuable in diagnosis, therapy, prognosis and minimal residual disease detection of multiple myeloma. The review summarizes the development of flow cytometric immunophenotyping in multiple myeloma, including application of flow cytometry in multiple myeloma and immunophenotypic features of flow cytometric analysis in multiple myeloma.
Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Multiple Myeloma ; immunology

Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemia, Large Granular Lymphocytic ; Splenectomy

Clinical application of flow cytometry in multiple myeloma (MM) can be found in various dimensions, such as in differential diagnosis of malignant plasma cell disorder from reactive plasmacytosis, identification of the progression risk in MM, and in the detection of minimal residual disease. Flow cytometry-based clonality assessment with immuno-phenotyping encourages and enables the most stringent method of diagnosis and follow-up. The objective of this review is to summarize the recent information of the malignant plasma cell phenotypic profile of MM. The most comprehensive antigens, such as CD19, CD27, CD28, CD45, CD56 and CD117, play a significant role in the characterization of normal and malignant plasma cells. This review also focuses on the association of malignant phenotypic markers with chromosomal aberrations that identify the specific prognostic factors in MM.
Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Multiple Myeloma ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Prognosis

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal B-cell disorder in which malignant plasma cells (PC) accumulate in the bone marrow and produce lytic bone lesions and excessive amounts of monoclonal immunoglobulin. The diagnosis of MM requires the examination of bone marrow, showing PC infiltration, detection and quantification of monoclonal immunoglobulin in the serum or urine and evidence of organ damage (hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anaemia or bone lesions). This review discusses the significance of immunotyping for diagnosis and prognosis of MM.
Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Multiple Myeloma ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Prognosis

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemia, Large Granular Lymphocytic ; classification ; immunology

OBJECTIVEPresenting the clinical features of one patient with CD4⁺/CD8⁻ T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia, to improve the understanding of the disease.

METHODSClinical data of one patient hospitalized for skin rush and leukocytosis were analyzed, and the related literatures were reviewed.

RESULTSThe patient was hospitalized for skin rush and leukocytosis. Routine blood test showed remarkable elevated white blood cell counts and mild anemia. Subsequent hematological examination led to a diagnosis of T- cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia with CD4⁺/CD8⁻ immunophenontype.

CONCLUSIONCD3⁺/CD4⁺/CD8⁻ T- cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia is a kind of variant subtype, and is relatively rare, it has different clinical features with classic CD3⁺/CD4⁻/CD8⁺/TCRαβ⁺T- cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia, so differentiating diagnosis is of great importance.

Bone marrow morphology and karyotyping are effective ways to diagnose myelodysplastic syndromes. However, there are still many patients without these two abnormalities. Recently, there are considerable amount of evidence showing that flow cytometric immunophenotyping is a good approach to detect the abnormal differentiation and maturation of different cell lines and maturation stages of bone marrow cells in MDS patients. The highly reproducible results allow to distinguish MDS from other non-clonal hematocytopenia disorders and have a diagnostic advantage especially in case of low-risk MDS. Meanwhile, it showed a good correlation with the morphology and karyotyping, and with the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) playing a prognostic role. This article reviewed recent advances of research in this field such as the application of FCM in MDS detection, the correlation of FCM parameters with morphologic and cytogenetic diagnosis of MDS as well as the relationship of parameters with typing and prognosis of MDS and so on.
Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; diagnosis ; immunology

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) represents a heterogeneous group of myeloid malignancies characterized by abnormal differentiation and maturation of myeloid cells, bone marrow failure, and a genetic instability with enhanced risk to transform to acute myeloid leukemia. Many factors influence on the prognosis of MDS. The prognosis of MDS subtypes has been changing with the application of World Health Organization (WHO) classification and different new prognostic scoring system, the technology development of cytogenetics and flow cytometry, and the advent of new drugs. A series of recent literatures are summarized on different prognostic factors of MDS. In this review, the controversy in application of WHO classification, MDS prognosis in relation with prognostic scoring system, cytogenetics, immunophenotype and therapeutics were discussed.
Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; classification ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Prognosis