Immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide is a synthetic compound derived by modifying the chemical structure of thalidomide to improve its potency and reduce its side effects. Lenalidomide is a 4-amino-glutamyl analogue of thalidomide that has emerged as a drug with activity against various hematological and solid malignancies. It is approved by FDA in USA for clinical use in myelodysplastic syndromes with deletion of chromosome 5q and multiple myeloma. Studies have shown that lenalidomide exert anti-tumor activity probably by various mechanisms in hematologic malignancies, such as immunomodulation, anti-angiogenesis and effects on signal transduction. In this article, the progresses of study on these problems are reviewed.
Hematologic Neoplasms ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors ; Thalidomide ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology

Tripterygium wilfordii has complex chemical components. To study and summarize the advance in studies on the anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities and toxicology of known monomers of T. wilfordii, the pertinent literatures related to the studies on the pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacokinetics of T. wilfordii over past 30 years were searched. According to the findings, more than ten anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory monomers were found in T. wilfordii. The pharmacology and toxicology of wilforidine, triptolidenol, triptonide, demethylzeylasteral shall be further studied.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors ; pharmacology ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors ; pharmacology ; Postoperative Period

With the decrease in land resources, marine resources open a new path for drug development, among which sponge is one of important marine biological resources. In recent years, many anti-tumor active compounds in new structures have been extracted and isolated from sponges. Targeted anti-tumor drugs from sponge become a new trend during the development of innovative drugs of marine resources. This essay summarizes the anti-tumor mechanism of sponge's active compounds and its related synthetics on the basis of its various anti-tumor targets including cytoskeleton (microtubule and actin), protein kinases (cyclin dependent kinase and aurora kinase), DNA synthesis and relevant enzymeso, growth microenvironment for tumor tissues and the immune system. Additionally, it also briefs relevant clinical studies.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cytoskeleton ; drug effects ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Porifera ; chemistry ; Protease Inhibitors ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Follicular lymphoma is an indolent malignant tumor originating from lymph nodes and lymphoid tissues, which may affect the patients' quality of survival due to the recurrence and progression. In recent years, with the deepening understand of the molecular biology and signaling pathways, many new targeted drugs for follicular lymphoma have been discovered, such as monoclonal antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors, epigenetic regulation related targeted therapies and signaling pathway inhibitors. In this review, the new progress of immunotherapy for follicular lymphoma is summarized briefly.
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology* ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use* ; Immunotherapy ; Lymphoma, Follicular/drug therapy*

As one of the important active components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), plant origin active proteins have many significant pharmacological functions. According to researches on the plant origin active proteins reported in recent years, pharmacological effects include anti-tumor, immune regulation, anti-oxidant, anti-pathogeny microorganism, anti-thrombus, as well as hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activities of plant origin were reviewed, respectively. On the other hand, the analytical methods including chromatography, spectroscopy, electrophoresis and mass spectrometry for plant origin proteins analysis were also summarized. The main purpose of this paper is providing a reference for future development and application of plant active proteins.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Immunologic Factors ; pharmacology ; Plant Proteins ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Research

Neospora caninum (Apicomplexa; Sarcocystidae) is a protozoan that causes abortion in cattle, horses, sheep, and dogs as well as neurological and dermatological diseases in dogs. In the central nervous system of dogs infected with N. caninum, cysts were detected that exhibited gliosis and meningitis. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that exhibit antibacterial, antiparasitic, antifungal, and antiviral properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of flavonoids in a well-established in vitro model of N. caninum infection in glial cell cultures. Glial cells were treated individually with 10 different flavonoids, and a subset of cultures was also infected with the NC-1 strain of N. caninum. All of the flavonoids tested induced an increase in the metabolism of glial cells and many of them increased nitrite levels in cultures infected with NC-1 compared to controls and uninfected cultures. Among the flavonoids tested, 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone, 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone (luteolin), and 3,3',4',5,6-pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin), also inhibited parasitophorous vacuole formation. Taken together, our findings show that flavonoids modulate glial cell responses, increase NO secretion, and interfere with N. caninum infection and proliferation.
Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Flavonoids/*pharmacology ; Immunologic Factors/*pharmacology ; Neospora/*drug effects/*growth & development ; Neuroglia/*drug effects/*parasitology ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo investigate the possibility of evaluation the Chinese medicinal formulae with immune regulation effects according to the immunomics of traditional Chinese medicine.

METHODThe possibility of Chinese medicinal formulae with immune regulation effects was obtained from the discriminant equation of the Chinese medicine with immune regulation effects. The original articles about the Chinese medicinal formulae with immune regulation effects were found since 1980 in CNKI. Using literatures determinate immune effects.

RESULTThere were 53 kinds, that with calculated determination, from total 60 Chinese medicinal formulae with literatures determinate on immune regulation effects. The coincidence was 88% (53/60). The discriminant score was 0. 89 +/- 0. 03 in group one (there were two or more than two articles have been published to support the medicines immune effects and the articles were finished by different unites independently) and was 0.60 +/- 0.29 in group of random Chinese medicinal formulae. There was a significant deviation (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIt was proved preliminarily that the principle of calculation presented in this paper is valuable for the immunomics of traditional Chinese medicine.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Humans ; Immune System ; drug effects ; Immunologic Factors ; pharmacology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of serum inteferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in mice bearing S-180 tumor and explore the role of the endogenous IFN-gamma in confining the transplanted tumor by intervention with immunomodulators.

METHODSMouse models bearing S-180 solid tumor were established and subjected to intragastric administration of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) or cyclosporine A (CsA) at different daily doses for 9 consecutive days. Serum IFN-gamma levels were measured in untreated tumor-bearing mice and in those after completion of GLP or CsA treatments by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the changes of the tumor weight in the treated mice were evaluated.

RESULTSIt was found for the first time that serum IFN-gamma levels in the tumor-bearing mice increased progressively within the initial 20 days after tumor implantation. The serum IFN-gamma levels in the 3 GLP-treated groups (at daily doses of 400, 200, and 100 mg/kg) all increased, which was the most obvious in 400 mg/kg GLP-treated group, and the tumor weight decreased significantly in response to GLP treatment, but the most conspicuous effect occurred with the daily dose of 200 mg/kg, and no significant statistical correlation was found between the two parameters. CsA treatment (at 20, 10, and 5 mg/kg, respectively) resulted in reduced serum IFN-gamma levels but produced virtually no effect on the tumor weight, and no obvious correlation was found between serum IFN-gamma level and the tumor weight.

CONCLUSIONIncreased serum IFN-gamma levels following GLP treatment are not significantly correlated to tumor growth inhibition in mice, and CsA reduces serum IFN-gamma levels without affecting the tumor weight, suggesting that endogenous IFN-gamma is not a major immunomodulating factor in growth inhibition of transplanted S-180 tumor.

Animals ; Cyclosporine ; pharmacology ; Female ; Ganoderma ; chemistry ; Immunologic Factors ; pharmacology ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Male ; Mice ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Sarcoma 180 ; blood ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects

Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Early Diagnosis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Immunologic Factors ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatal Screening