OBJECTIVETo study the changes of serum complement C and immunoglobulin (Ig) in sensitized guinea pigs exposed to trichloroethylene.

METHODSThirty six white female guinea pigs (250 ∼ 300 g) were randomly divided into blank control group (5 guinea pig), solvent (olive oil) control group (5 guinea pig) and TCE treatment group (26 guinea pig). According to guinea pig maximization test (GPMT), guinea pigs were exposed to TCE. After stimulating contact for 24 h, the skin reactions of guinea pig back test area were recorded and scored. According to Skin sensitization integral, the guinea pigs treated with TCE were divided into the sensitized group (score ≥ 1) and un-sensitized group (score 0). The concentrations of serum C3, C4, IgA, IgG and IgM were detected in 24 and 72 h, respectively after the experiment.

RESULTSThe sensitization rates of group treated by TCE was 65.38%. The serum C3 levels of groups sensitized to TCE for 24 and 73h were 99.75 ± 1.45 and 93.28 ± 3.61g/ml, respectively, which were significantly lower than that (112.30 ± 9.10 g/ml) of solvent control group (P < 0.05). Also The serum C4 levels of groups sensitized to TCE for 24 and 73 h were 34.63 ± 2.53 and 33.82 ± 2.76g/ml, respectively, which were significantly lower than that (43.87 ± 3.65 g/ml) of solvent control group (P < 0.05). The serum IgA and IgM levels of groups sensitized to TCE and unsensitized to TCE for 24 and 72 h were significantly lower than those of solvent group (P < 0.05). as compared with unsensitized groups, the serum IgA levels of the groups sensitized to TCE for 24 and 72 h significantly decreased (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAfter the guinea pig skin was sensitized to TCE, the serum C3, C4 levels decreased, the immune function disordered.

Animals ; Complement System Proteins ; metabolism ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Immunity, Humoral ; drug effects ; Immunoglobulins ; blood ; Skin ; drug effects ; Trichloroethylene ; toxicity

This study aimed to discover potential biomarkers for dioxynivalenol (DON) intoxication. B6C3F1 male mice were rally exposed to 0.83, 2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg body weight (bw) DON for 8 days and the differential protein expressions in their blood plasma were determined by SELDI - Time-of-Flight/Mass Spectrometry (TOF/MS) and the immunoglobulins (Igs) G, A, M and E in the serum were investigated. 11.7 kDa protein was significantly highly expressed according to DON administration and this protein was purified by employing a methyl ceramic HyperD F column with using optimization buffer for adsorption and desorption. The purified protein was identified as a haptoglobin precursor by peptide mapping with using LC/Q-TOF/MS and MALDI-TOF/MS and this was confirmed by western blotting and ELISA. IgG and IgM in serum were decreased in a dose-dependent manner and IgA was decreased at 7.5 mg/kg bw DON administration, but the IgE level was not changed. To compare the expressions of haptoglobin and the Igs patterns between aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEA) and DON intoxications, rats were orally administered with AFB1 1.0, ZEA 240 and DON 7.5 mg/kg bw for 8 days. Haptoglobin was increased only at DON 7.5 mg/kg bw, while it was slightly decreased at ZEA 240 mg/kg bw and it was not detected at all at AFB1 1.0 mg/kg bw. IgG and IgA were decreased by DON, but IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE were all increased by AFB1. No changes were observed by ZEA administration. These results show that plasma haptoglobin could be a diagnostic biomarker for DON intoxication when this is combined with examining the serum Igs.
Aflatoxin B1/toxicity ; Animals ; Blood Proteins/drug effects/*metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Haptoglobins/drug effects/*metabolism ; Immunoglobulins/*blood/drug effects ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Trichothecenes/*toxicity ; Zearalenone/toxicity

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effect and safety of anti-D immunoglobulin (anti-D) in the treatment of children with newly diagnosed acute immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) through a Meta analysis.

METHODSPubMed, EMBASE, Cohrane Library, Ovid, CNKI, and Wanfang Data were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to April 2017. Review Manager 5.3 was used for the Meta analysis.

RESULTSSeven RCTs were included. The Meta analysis showed that after 72 hours and 7 days of treatment, the intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) group had a significantly higher percentage of children who achieved platelet count >20×10/L than the anti-D group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in platelet count after 24 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days of treatment between the anti-D (50 μg/kg) group and the IVIG group (P>0.05), and there were also no significant differences in platelet count after 24 hours and 7 days of treatment between the 50 μg/kg and 75 μg/kg anti-D groups (P>0.05). The anti-D group had a significantly greater reduction in the hemoglobin level than the IVIG group after treatment, but did not need transfusion. No children in the anti-D group or the IVIG group experienced serious adverse reactions.

CONCLUSIONSIntravenous injection of anti-D may have a similar effect as IVIG in improving platelet count in children with acute ITP, but it may be slightly inferior to IVIG in the rate of platelet increase after treatment. The anti-D dose of 50 μg/kg may have a similar effect as 75 μg/kg. The recommended dose of anti-D for treatment of ITP is safe.

Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Platelet Count ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; blood ; drug therapy ; Rho(D) Immune Globulin ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use

The dietary effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the response of the immunoglobulin (serum and tissue) production in Balb/C mice was examined at three doses: 0 %(control), 0.5% and 1.5%. The combination effects of CLA with vitamin ADE or selenium also were investigated. CLA at 0.5% increased serum immunoglobulin A, G, mesenteric lymp node (MHN) and gut luminal IgA (secretory IgA) levels. However, 1.5% CLA decreased SIgG slightly. CLA both alone and combined with vitamin ADE and selenium did not affect serum IgE. The levels of immunoglobulin concentration in the 0.5% CLA group were higher than those in the1.5% CLA group. The level of serum IgG in 1.5% CLA combined with selenium was maintained at the same level as that of control. It is considered that over- doses of CLA (1.5%) even depressed the production of immunoglobulin but selenium and/or vitamin inhibited this activity to a certain extent.In this study, dietary CLA increased immunoglobulin production in a dose-dependent manner. Vitamin ADE and Selenium combined with CLA also increased the immunoglobulin production response except serum IgE.
Animals ; Antioxidants/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Immunoglobulins/*biosynthesis/blood/immunology ; Intestines/drug effects/immunology ; Linoleic Acid/*pharmacology ; Lymph Nodes/drug effects/immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Selenium/*pharmacology ; Vitamin A/*pharmacology

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Intravenous immunoglobulin-SN (IVIG-SN) is a new human immunoglobulin product. Its safety is ensured by pathogen-elimination steps comprising solvent/detergent treatment and a nanofiltration process. This multicenter clinical study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined aspirin and high-dose IVIG-SN therapy in pediatric patients with Kawasaki disease (KD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We evaluated coronary artery lesions (CALs) at 2 and 7 weeks after administering IVIG-SN; total fever duration; and variations in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide or B-type natriuretic peptide, and creatine kinase-myocardial band level before and after treatment with IVIG-SN (2 g/kg). Adverse events were monitored. RESULTS: Forty-five patients were enrolled, three of whom were excluded according to the exclusion criteria; the other 42 completed the study. The male:female ratio was 0.91:1, and the mean age was 29.11±17.23 months. The mean fever duration before IVIG-SN treatment was 6.45±1.30 days. Although most patients had complete KD (40 patients, 90.91%), four had atypical KD (9.09%). After IVIG-SN treatment, one patient (2.38%) had CALs, which was significantly lower than the incidence reported previously (15%) (p=0.022), but not significantly different from recent data (5%). There were no serious adverse events, though 28 patients (63.64%) had mild adverse events. Three adverse drug reactions occurred in 2 patients (eczema, anemia, and increased eosinophil count), all of which were transient. CONCLUSION: IVIG-SN treatment in patients with KD was safe and effective.
Anemia ; Aspirin* ; Blood Sedimentation ; Clinical Study ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Creatine ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Eosinophils ; Fever ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Incidence ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain

To investigate whether the dendritic cells (DC) could grow up in cultural system with umbilical cord serum (UCS), the UCS was used in the culture instead of fetal calf serum. The phenotype of dendritic cells was detected by flow cytometry and the antigen presenting ability of DC in allo-MLR was measured by MTT assay. The results showed that DC grown in UCS (UCS-DC) had higher expression rate of CD86, CD83 and HLA-DR than that in grown in FCS (FCS-DC). (P < 0.05), and their expression of CD1a was lower than that of FCS-DC. The ability to induce T cell proliferation had no difference between UCS-DC and FCS-DC. It is suggested that dendritic cells with more mature phenotype had been produced in the medium containing UCS than those in the medium containing FCS, and UCS-DC possessed potent ability to stimulate proliferation of allogeneic T cells.
Animals ; Antigens, CD ; immunology ; B7-2 Antigen ; Cattle ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Culture Media ; pharmacology ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; Fetal Blood ; physiology ; HLA-DR Antigens ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; immunology ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo determine the relation between the change of immunology indexes of serum and the occurrence of anaphylaxis in patients induced by Qingkailing injection, and to establish the method of detection of the type of anaphylaxis in patients induced by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injection.

METHODIn a prospective nested case-control study, we compared the concentration of IgE, IgG, IL-2, IL-4 of 20 cases in anaphylaxis induced by Qingkailing injection with those from 60 matched controls who remained normal after the using Qingkailing injection. The correlation between the change of IgE, IgG, IL-2, IL-4 of serum and the occurrence of anaphylaxis in patients induced by Qingkailing injection was determined, and we also evaluate the clinical values of IgE, IgG, IL-2, IL-4 of serum in diagnosis of anaphylaxis in patients induced by Qingkailing injection by Binary-Logistic regression analysis.

RESULTThe concentrations of IgE, IgG, IL-2, IL-4 of serum of 20 cases were significantly higher than those in controls (P < or = 0. 05). The concentrations of IgE, IgG, IL-2, IL4 of serum of 20 cases after the treatment with Qingkailing injection were significantly higher than those before the treatment with Qingkailing injection (P < or = 0.05). The Exp(B) of IgE, IgG, IL-2, IL-4 were 22. 018 (95.0% CI for EXP was 3.268-310.831), 11.271 (95.0% CI for EXP was 1.91-3.024), 23.612 (95.0% CI for EXP was 3.012-421.187), 16.486 (95.0% CI for EXP was 1.233-205.413), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe allergic reaction caused by Qingkailing injection may be due to type I allergic reactions; The presence of IgE, IgG, IL-2, IL-4 can serve as clinical evaluation indicators in evaluation the damage degree of immune system caused by anaphylaxis in patients induced by Qingkailing injection. Cytokines are more likely to become the effective evaluation index in diagnosis of anaphylaxis in patients induced by TCM injection.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anaphylaxis ; blood ; etiology ; immunology ; Case-Control Studies ; Cytokines ; blood ; immunology ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; blood ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Young Adult

Polymyositis is a rare complication of interferon alpha treatment as a result of immunemodulating role of the drug itself. In this case, interferon alpha induced polymyositis and cardiomyopathy is diagnosed in a 33-yr-old male patient with history of chronic hepatitis B. To treat hepatitis B, interferon alpha was administered until the proximal muscle weakness developed. Thereafter, sixteen cycles of immunoglobulin treatment (400 mg/kg) along with corticosteroids were instituted and led to an improvement in subjective symptoms with decreases in level of CPK and LDH. However, dilated cardiomyopathy has not improved in spite of the cessation of interferon treatment. Unlike the persistently elevated serum HBV DNA level, the serum ALT and AST levels have gradually decreased. Our case shows that clinical symptoms of polymyositis improved with steroid and immunoglobulin treatment without deterioration of the hepatitis B. To our knowledge, this is the first case of polymyositis associated with dilated cardiomyopathy after the administration of interferon in a patient with hepatitis B.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; Adult ; Antigens, CD13/blood ; Antiviral Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/blood/*chemically induced/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/blood/complications/*drug therapy ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use ; Interferon-alpha/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Male ; Polymyositis/blood/*chemically induced/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the immunotoxicological effects of genetically modified wheat with TaDREB4 gene in female BALB/c mice.

METHODSFemale mice weighing 18-22 g were divided into five groups (10 mice/group), which were set as negative control group, common wheat group, parental wheat group, genetically modified wheat group and cyclophosphamide positive control group, respectively. Mice in negative control group and positive control group were fed with AIN93G diet, mice in common wheat group, non-genetically modified parental wheat group and genetically modified wheat group were fed with feedstuffs added corresponding wheat (the proportion is 76%) for 30 days, then body weight, absolute and relative weight of spleen and thymus, white blood cell count, histological examination of immune organ, peripheral blood lymphocytes phenotyping, serum cytokine, serum immunoglobulin, antibody plaque-forming cell, serum half hemolysis value, mitogen-induced splenocyte proliferation, delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and phagocytic activities of phagocytes were detected.

RESULTSNo immunotoxicological effects related to the consumption of the genetically modified wheat were observed in BALB/c mice when compared with parental wheat group, common wheat group and negative control group.

CONCLUSIONFrom the immunotoxicological point of view, results from this study demonstrate that genetically modified wheat with TaDREB4 gene is as safe as the parental wheat.

Animals ; Antibody-Producing Cells ; immunology ; Body Weight ; Cytokines ; blood ; Female ; Genes, Plant ; Hemolysis ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Immune System ; drug effects ; Immunoglobulins ; blood ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Organ Size ; Phagocytosis ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; toxicity ; Spleen ; immunology ; Thymus Gland ; immunology ; Triticum ; genetics

OBJECTIVEGlucocorticoid is considered as an effective drug for prevention and treatment of brain edema and reducing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is frequently used to treat neurological diseases with immune abnormality, its function and potential mechanism on brain edema have not been reported. In this study, the roles of the total hydrosulfide group (TSH), non-protein hydrosulfide group (NPSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in etiology of the endotoxin brain edema in infant rats and the interfering effects of dexamethasone (DEX) and IVIG were investigated.

METHODSIn 35 infant rats, 10 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was intraperitoneally injected. The same volume of normal saline was injected to 24 control rats. Ten mg/kg DEX and 400 mg/kg IVIG were intravenously injected respectively to 36 and 24 infant rats instantly following LPS injection. The TSH, NPSH and MDA concentrations and the brain Evans blue contents were detected at different time in the brain tissue. The brain water content was measured by drying method.

RESULTSThe brain water, EB and MDA contents after endotoxin injection were significantly higher than those of control group, while the brain TSH, NPSH content were significantly lower than those of control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); After treatment with DEX or IVIG, the brain EB, MDA and water content significantly decreased with the peak at 6 h (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), TSH and NPSH significantly increased compared with LPS group. However, the NPSH content in IVIG treatment group did not change significantly (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONFree radicals play a role in the brain edema induced by LPS in infant rats. The primary results suggested that DEX and IVIG have therapeutic effect for the endotoxin-induced brain edema by affecting the free radicals.

Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Brain Edema ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Dexamethasone ; therapeutic use ; Endotoxins ; toxicity ; Free Radicals ; analysis ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sulfides ; analysis