Acetaldehyde ; metabolism ; Alcoholics ; Alcoholism ; blood ; immunology ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin G ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin M ; immunology ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational

In the present work, we have examined the effect of PAF, removal of epithelium, the mechanism of desensitization, and the substances that increases the level of intracellular c-AMP on the differences of mediator release from superfused tracheal strips after passive sensitization with IgG1 versus IgE Ab. In the passive sensitized tracheal tissues, the effect of PAF and the mechanism of desensitization have been examined by PAF antagonist, CV 3988 and DFP, respectively. The epithelium was stripped from one-half of each trachea by mechanical means. Both superfused tracheal tissues were challenged with Ox-Ag. Inhibitors of mediator release were added into a superfused buffer. Hist released was determined by spectrophotofluorometer, and LT by radioimmunoassay. PAF known to mediate the allergic reaction was not released by Ag after both Ab sensitization. Epithelium removal resulted in similar contraction, Hist and LT release after IgG1 Ab activation, but in the IgE Ab activation, epithelium removal resulted in smaller contraction and Hist release. In the L-cysteine and indomethacin pretreatment after two Ab sensitization, epithelium removal decreased the release of Hist and LT. The compound 48/80 pre-challenge and epithelium removal resulted in the increase of Hist release, but in the decrease of LT release after IgG1 or IgE sensitization. The Amount of LT released by Ag after compound 48/80 pre-challenge increased in the absence or presence of epithelium after both Ab sensitization. Mediator release from tissues sensitized with both Abs was not changed by DFP. The responses of inhibitors to prevent the mediator release were more effective on the IgE Ab than on the IgG1 Ab sensitization. These studies suggest that the tracheal epithelium can act to inhibit immune- and non-immune-induced airway responses. Non-immunological responses may in part reflect the role of epithelium as a diffusion barrier and modulator of mediator release. These data also suggest that immunological responses are related to the localization and functional heterogeneity of tissue mast cells.
Animal ; Epithelium/immunology/physiology ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; *Histamine Release ; *Immunization ; Immunoglobulin E/*immunology ; Immunoglobulin G/*immunology ; Leukotrienes/metabolism ; Mast Cells/immunology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Trachea/*immunology/physiology

OBJECTIVETo study the regulation of Fc receptor expression by immune complexes (ICs) on neutrophils and U937 cells.

METHODSIgA ICs, IgG1 ICs, IgG2 ICs, IgG3 ICs, IgG4 ICs, and IgM ICs were incubated with neutrophils or U937 cells for 1 h. Then their surface Fc receptors were stained by anti-Fc gammaR I, anti-Fc gammaR II , anti-Fc gammaR III, and anti-Fc alphaR I monoclonal antibodies and analyzed by fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS).

RESULTSIgG1 ICs and IgG3 ICs up-regulated Fc gammaR II and Fc gammaR III on U937 cells, Fc gammaR I and Fc alphaR I on neutrophils. Almost all ICs down-regulated Fc gammaR II on neutrophils.

CONCLUSIONSICs can regulate Fc receptor expression on neutrophils and U937 cells, among which IgG1 ICs and IgG3 ICs are most effective.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; immunology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; pharmacology ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; immunology ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; classification ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin G ; chemistry ; classification ; immunology ; metabolism ; Neutrophils ; metabolism ; Receptors, Fc ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Receptors, IgG ; immunology ; U937 Cells ; immunology

Objective: To assess the correlation of glomerular C1q or IgA deposition with clinical and pathological features of primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) in children. Methods: The clinical and pathological manifestations including (phospholipase A2 receptor, PLA2R) and IgG subclasses staining in renal biopsies, serum anti-PLA2R antibody and therapeutic response of 33 children diagnosed with PMN in Peking University First Hospital from December 2012 to December 2020 were retrospectively summarized and analyzed. According to results of PLA2R test and findings renal pathological, the patients were divided into PLA2R-related group and non-PLA2R-related group, typical MN group and atypical MN group, C1q deposit group and non-C1q deposit group, as well as IgA deposit group and non-IgA deposit group respectively. T-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact probability test were used for comparison between the groups. Results: Among the 33 children with PMN, there were 20 males and 13 females, of that the age of onset was 11 (8, 13) years, and 32 patients had nephrotic level proteinuria. Renal biopsies were performed at 4.6 (2.1, 11.6) months after onset, and 28 patients (85%) received glucocorticoid or immunosuppressive therapy prior to renal biopsy. There were 20 cases (61%) with PLA2R-related MN and 13 cases (39%) with non-PLA2R-related MN. Compared with the non-PLA2R-related group, the PLA2R-related group had an older age of onset (12 (10, 13) vs. 7 (3, 12) years, Z=-2.52, P=0.011), a lower preceding infection rate (45% (9/20) vs. 11/13, P=0.032) and lower spontaneous remission rate (0 vs. 4/13, P=0.017). Renal PLA2R positivity was significantly associated with predominant or co-deposition of IgG4 (13/17 vs. 5/15, P=0.031) and low albumin levels at renal biopsy ((25±6) vs. (29±7) g/L, t=2.14, P=0.041). There were 12 patients with typical PMN and 21 patients with atypical PMN, and no significant difference in clinical and pathological manifestations was found between these 2 groups (all P>0.05). There were 10 cases (32.3%) with glomerular C1q deposition, and their disease course before renal biopsy was significantly shorter than those without C1q deposition (1.8 (0.8, 5.9) vs. 6.0 (2.5, 22.3) months, Z=-2.27, P=0.023). Twelve cases (36.4%) had glomerular IgA deposition, and their course of disease,clinical and pathological manifestations were not significantly different from those without IgA deposition (all P>0.05). Conclusion: Glomerular C1q or IgA deposition may not affect the clinical manifestations, glomerular PLA2R and IgG subclasses staining pattern, or the response to treatment of PMN in children.
Autoantibodies ; Child ; Complement C1q/metabolism* ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A/immunology* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Kidney Glomerulus ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

Child ; Complement C3 ; metabolism ; Cytokinins ; analysis ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin G ; immunology ; Interferon-gamma ; immunology ; Interleukin-12 ; analysis ; immunology ; Interleukin-2 ; analysis ; immunology ; Male ; Peptide Fragments ; immunology ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; immunology ; virology ; Secondary Prevention ; Tuberculin ; analysis

To investigate the role of specific IgE and IgG in the various types of asthmatic reaction, we measured specific IgE and IgG levels to Dermatophagoides farinae (D.farinae) using the D. farinae-radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and Phadebas IgG-RAST in 39 house dust asthmatics (11 early responders, 21 dual responders and 7 isolated late responders) and 12 negative responders on house dust bronchoprovocation. There were significant differences in the D. farinae-specific IgE level and skin reactivity to D. farinae and house dust among the 4 groups (p less than 0.05) and the specific IgE level of dual asthmatic responders was the highest and was significantly higher than that of early responders (p less than 0.05). The specific IgG level showed no differences among the 4 groups. These results suggested that the types of asthmatic reaction in house dust asthmatics were closely related to specific IgE level to D. farinae and the specific IgG level seemed not to be related to an isolated late response.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Animal ; Antibody Specificity ; Asthma/etiology/*immunology ; Bronchial Provocation Tests ; Dust/adverse effects ; Female ; Human ; Immunoglobulin E/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin G/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Age ; Mites/*immunology

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) IgG-binding protein (SPG) was present in all S. suis strains examined. It showed binding activities with IgG from various host species. Little was known about the biological role of this protein, but it was commonly believed that it acted as virulence factor. In this study, the genes encoding SPG were amplified respectively from the total DNA of the S. suis serotype 1/2, 1, 2 and 9 with PCR and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 by plasmid pET28a as vector. The recombinant proteins were first purified with affinity chromatography (Ni-NTA), and further purified by sephadexG-200 gel chromatography. The recombinant SPG proteins were identified to have binding activities with IgG of different host species, and for human and porcine IgG they showed better binding activities. But the SPG from different serotypes of S. suis showed no great differences in their binding activities with IgG from the same host species.
Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; genetics ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Immunoglobulin G ; immunology ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Streptococcus suis ; immunology

OBJECTIVESTo explore the category, quantity and clinical significance of autoantibodies on bone marrow hematopoietic cells in patients with immunorelated cytopenia and evaluate the sensitivity of direct antiglobulin reaction (Coombs test ) of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC).

METHODSThe category and the positive rate of autoantibodies on bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells, nucleated erythrocytes, granulocytes in 32 patients with uncertain immunorelated cytopenia were investigated by using BMMNC-Coombs test and double immunofluorescence flow cytometry.

RESULTSThe positive rate of autoantibodies on bone marrow hematopoietic cells tested by flow cytometry was 90.63% which was higher than that by BMMNC-Coombs test (50.0%) (p < 0.05). In 29 positive cases, IgG autoantibody accounted for 6.90%, IgM13.8%, IgG+IgA 3.4%, IgG+IgM 31.0%, and IgG+IgM+IgA 44.8%. Of the 29 Patients, 25 (86.2%) with IgG autoantibody, 26 (89.7%) with IgM and 14 (48.3%) with IgA. The patients with IgG autoantibody alone had the lowest hemoglobin levels, and those with IgM autoantibody might have intravascular hemolytic findings. The response time of patients with IgG and IgG+IgM was shorter than that of the other patients. 91.3% of the patients had autoantibodies on bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and showed pancytopenia, and 50% of the patients had autoantibodies on nucleated erythrocytes and granulocytes. Eleven of 13 patients with negative BMMNC-Coombs tests had autoantibodies on bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells detected by FACS. There was no significant difference of the quantities of the three categories of autoantibodies of nucleated erythrocytes and stem cells. The quantities of IgA on granulocytes were lower than that of IgG and IgM. There was no significant difference between IgG and IgM on granulocytes. The quantity of IgA on hematopoietic stem cells was significantly higher than that on nucleated erythrocytes or granulocytes.

CONCLUSIONSThe sensitivity of double immunofluorescence flow cytometry assay was higher than that of BMMNC-Coombs test for detecting autoantibodies. In immunorelated cytopenia patients, the predominant autoantibody was IgM which could cause intravascular hemolysis, and the second one was IgG which could cause severe anemia. Most immunorelated cytopenia patients had autoantibodies on hematopoietic stem cells and showed pancytopenia. IgA was more easily seen on the hematopoietic stem cells.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Autoantibodies ; classification ; metabolism ; Autoimmune Diseases ; immunology ; Bone Marrow Cells ; immunology ; Child ; Coombs Test ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; metabolism ; Immunoglobulin G ; metabolism ; Immunoglobulin M ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancytopenia ; immunology

Aged ; Castleman Disease ; immunology ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; metabolism ; Lymphatic Diseases ; immunology ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymphoma ; pathology ; Male ; Plasma Cells ; immunology ; Pseudolymphoma ; immunology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo determine the location on outer envelope and natural antibody response and types of genus-specific lipoprotein antigen LipL41s in patients with Leptospira interrogans.

METHODSMicroscope agglutination test (MAT) was used to examine leptospirosis patients' serum samples from Sichuan area, China. Ni-NTA affinity chromatography was performed to extract the target recombinant rLipL41/1 and rLipL41/2 products that expressed under inducement of IPTG. Western blot assay was performed to detect the immunoreactivity between the sera from the patients infected with different serogroups of L. interrogans and rLipL41s. Immune aurosol electron microscopy was selected to locate the position of LipL41s on leptospiral envelope. ELISA based on rLipL41s was established to confirm the level and types of specific antibody.

RESULTSL. interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae remained to be the most dominant leptospiral serogroup in Sichuan area. All the sera from patients infected with different serogroups of L. interrogans could efficiently recognize the LipL41s which were the protein molecular that located on the external surface of leptospiral envelope. In the 156 serum samples from MAT positive leptospirosis patients, the positive rates for rLipL41/1 or rLipL41/2 specific IgM appeared to be 84.6%-87.8% and 78.2%-83.3%, respectively, while for rLipL41/1 or rLipL41/2 specific IgG they were 69.2%-81.4% and 75.0%-80.1%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONLipL41s were the leptospiral superficial protein antigen of L. interrogans. Both the LipL41/1 and LipL41/2 could induce serum antibodies IgM and IgG with extensive antigenic-cross reaction during natural infection of L. interrogans in general populations. Hence, rLipL41/1 or rLipL41/2 could be used as the antigen candidate for developing universal genetic engineering vaccine and detection kit.

Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; immunology ; Antigens, Bacterial ; metabolism ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Cell Membrane ; metabolism ; Cross Reactions ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; immunology ; Leptospira interrogans ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Leptospirosis ; immunology ; Species Specificity