Percutaneous renal biopsy was performed on a 34 year old male patient with mild proteinuria and microhematuria. Histopathologic examination showed a focal mesangiopathic glomerulonephritis, simulating a "minimal change" disease pattern by light microscope. Granular deposits of IgA, C3, IgG, IgM, and fibrinogen were present in the glomerular mesangial area by immunofluorescent technique. A special prevalence of IgA was found. The intensity of immunofluorescent staining was correlated with the mesangial proliferative reaction by light microscopy. Electron microscopy showed electron dense granular deposits in the mesangial areas. The glomerulonephritis in this patient was related with the IgA antibody associated mesangial immune complex deposit disease mediated by the classic complement pathway. This glomerulonephritis is known to have a good prognosis. The antigenic nature, the reason of predominant immune deposits in the mesangium, and the mechanism of a special prevalence of IgA and IgM immunoglobulin classes are discussed, and special attention to the value of immunofluorescent study of renal diseases, with a review of the literature, is given.
Adult ; Case Report ; Glomerulonephritis/immunology* ; Glomerulonephritis/pathology ; Human ; Immunoglobulin A/analysis* ; Immunoglobulin G/analysis* ; Kidney/ultrastructure ; Male

Objective To investigate the treatment effect of hollow fiber ultrafiltration technology on hemolytic samples and the differences between IgE concentration and serum concentration before hemolysis in ultrafiltrate. Methods The 33 postmortem blood samples of non-frozen corpses within 72 hours after death were collected, 4 mL blood was taken from each case, among which 1 mL was centrifuged to get serum, and the remaining 3 mL blood was frozen-thawed 3-5 times to cause complete hemolysis. The 2 mL hemolytic samples were processed by hollow fiber ultrafiltration to obtain ultrafiltrate. The hemoglobin concentration in serum, complete hemolytic sample and ultrafiltrate was determined by Van-Zij solution-cyanated methemoglobin assay method, and the total IgE in serum and ultrafiltrate was determined by electrochemical luminescence method. Results The hemoglobin concentration in ultrafiltrate was significantly lower than that in complete hemolytic samples （P<0.05）. There was a good correlation between the total IgE detection values of ultrafiltrate and serum （r=0.984）. The difference between the serum and the value of IgE in ultrafiltrate after correction had no statistical significance, and the differences between the two in positive rates had no statistical significance （P>0.05）. Conclusion Ultrafiltration technology has a good treatment effect on complete hemolytic samples, and the correction value of ultrafiltrate detection is close to the serum level before hemolysis, and therefore, it can be applied to the detection of total IgE of frozen corpse hemolytic samples.
Autopsy ; Hemolysis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E/analysis* ; Serum ; Ultrafiltration

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis is the most common leukocytoclastic small-vessel vasculitis in children and mainly involves the small vessels in the skin, joints, digestive tract, and kidneys. Its pathogenesis is still unclear. Currently, it is believed that environmental factors can cause autoimmune dysfunction and lead to the deposition of IgA-containing immune complexes on the wall of arterioles on the basis of genetic factors. This article reviews the research advances in the role of immune factors in the pathogenesis of IgA vasculitis.
Autoantibodies ; analysis ; Complement System Proteins ; physiology ; Cytokines ; physiology ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; analysis ; Immunoglobulin E ; metabolism ; Vasculitis ; etiology ; immunology

To confirm local production of IgE, and evaluate role of immunoglobulins on eosinophil activation in nasal polyp (NP) tissue, we measured IgG, IgA, secretory IgA(sIgA), total (tIgE) and specific IgE (sIgE) to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(DP) by ELISA in NP tissue homogenates from 51 subjects. They were classified according to skin reactivity to DP: group I, 15 highly atopic subjects; group II, 18 weakly atopic subjects; and group III, 18 non-atopic subjects. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) level was measured by CAP system. Highest level of DP-sIgE was noted in group I, followed by group II and III (p<0.05). Nine (60%) of group I and 4 (22%) of group II subjects had detectable level of DP-sIgE with no significant differences in IgA, sIgA, and IgG. All of NP tissue had eosinophilic infiltration with no significant difference in activated eosinophil count or ECP level among 3 groups. A significant correlation was noted between EG2+ cell count and tIgE (r=0.55, p<0.05), and DP-sIgE level (r=0.60, p<0.05). A significant correlation was also noted between ECP and IgG (r=0.51, p<0.05) and DP-sIgE level (r=0.47, p<0.05) with no significant correlation with IgA or sIgA. These results suggest that DP-sIgE was detectable in NP tissue from weakly atopic subjects as well as highly atopic subjects. IgG and sIgE may have potential roles in eosinophil degranulation in NP tissue.
Blood Proteins/analysis ; Cell Degranulation/immunology ; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/immunology ; Eosinophil Granule Proteins ; Eosinophils/immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A/analysis/immunology ; Immunoglobulin E/analysis/immunology ; Immunoglobulin G/analysis/immunology ; Immunoglobulins/analysis/*immunology ; Nasal Polyps/*immunology/pathology ; *Ribonucleases

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of serum free light chain ratio (rFLC) and difference (dFLC) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) . Methods: Clinical data of 479 cases of newly diagnosed MM patients with FLC test records referred to our hospital from January 2012 to March 2016 were collected. rFLC preferred cut-off values were selected as≤14.828,14.828-364.597, ≥364.597 according to the literatures. The dFLC was divided into ≤112.85,112.85-2891.83, ≥2891.83 mg/L three groups. The rFLC and dFLC values among the death, the non-death, the progress and the non-progress groups were compared by t test. The correlation analysis showed that the rFLC and dFLC values were related to the death or progression of the disease. Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between each factor and death or progression. Univariate survival analysis (PFS) and total survival (OS) were performed using Kaplan-Meier. Single-variable and multivariate prognostic analysis were performed using Cox model. Results: The cutoff values of rFLC less than 14.828 or dFLC less than or equal to 112.85 mg/L impacted most significant on OS and PFS of the patients (P<0.05) . Different rFLC cut-off values between two groups showed that when rFLC=14.828, OS was significantly better than the other two groups (NR vs 61 & 47 months, P=0.019) ; different dFLC cut-off values between two groups disclosed that PFS and OS were statistically significant when dFLC less than or equal to 112.85 mg/L compared with the other two groups (P<0.05) . The 4-year PFS/OS rates in the initial dFLC≤112.85 mg/L and rFLC≤14.828 groups was significantly higher than of the other two groups. Conclusion: Different cutoff levels of rFLC and dFLC might have obviously effects on the prognoses of patients with newly diagnosed MM. The difference of survival prognosis would be more pronounced when rFLC≤14.828 or dFLC≤112.85 mg/L with lower risk of death and lower risk ratio, which might be ideal cutoff value for determining the prognosis of these patients.
Humans ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains ; Multiple Myeloma ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prognosis ; Survival Analysis

In this experiment, a novel biotin-avidin conjugation probe was synthesized and employed in the detection of reverse-phase protein microarray. Firstly, the proportion of the biotin-avidin conjugation probe was optimized. Then the rat IgG and goat anti-rat IgG system was served as a model to optimize the fabrication conditions of reverse-phase protein microarray, including the non-specific absorption of streptavidin-Cy3 molecules, spotting buffer as well as protein activities. At last, the biotin-avidin conjugation probe was applied to the detection of the reverse-phase protein microarray. The results show that the protein microarray prepared by using BSA spotting buffer could prevent non-specific absorptions of fluorescent molecules and improve the sensitivity, effectively. In addition, compared with traditional biotin-avidin system, the detection limit could be improved four times using the biotin-avidin conjugation probe. In conclusion, the biotin-avidin conjugation probe has its merits of easy synthesis, low price and could be further conjugated with other signal amplification techniques, which is promising to be used in the detection of protein microarray.
Avidin ; chemistry ; Biotin ; chemistry ; DNA Probes ; Immunoglobulin G ; analysis ; immunology ; Protein Array Analysis ; methods

There are many serologic tests for syphilis. By means of the usual serologic tests, it is not possible to differentiate between patients who need therapy and those who are cured. In this paper I want to discuss the scientific developments and demonstrate the results of immunologic research in syphilis, which makes it possible to differentiate between treated and untreated cases.
Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis ; Chromatography, Gel ; Electrophoresis, Starch Gel ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Hemagglutination Tests ; Human ; Immunoglobulin G/analysis ; Immunoglobulin M/analysis ; Syphilis/immunology* ; Syphilis Serodiagnosis* ; Treponema pallidum/immunology

BACKGROUND: Measurement of the ABO antibody (Ab) titer is important in ABO-incompatible transplantation. However, to the best of our knowledge, no standard protocol or external survey program to measure the ABO Ab titer has been established in Korea. We investigated the current status of ABO Ab titer measurements at various laboratories in Korea and the impact of the protocol provided to reduce interlaboratory variations in the methods and results of ABO Ab titers. METHODS: The Korean external quality assessment of blood bank laboratories sent external survey samples with a questionnaire to 68 laboratories across Korea for the measurement of ABO Ab titers in May 2012. After 6 months, a second set of survey samples were sent with a standard protocol to 53 of the previously surveyed laboratories. The protocol recommended incubation at room temperature only and use of the indirect antihuman globulin method for the tube test as well as and the column agglutination test (CAT). RESULTS: Several interlaboratory variations were observed in the results, technical procedures, and methods selected for measurement. We found that 80.4% laboratories hoped to change their protocol to the provisional one. Additionally, CAT showed significantly lower variation among laboratories (P=0.006) than the tube test. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides baseline data regarding the current status of ABO Ab titer measurement in Korea. The standard protocol and external survey were helpful to standardize the technical procedures and select methods for ABO Ab titer measurement.
ABO Blood-Group System/*immunology ; Agglutination Tests/*standards ; Antibodies/*analysis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/analysis ; Immunoglobulin M/analysis ; Laboratories/*standards ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; Temperature

BACKGROUND: The recent expansion of knowledge about various ABO alleles has led to the need for a comprehensive measure to cover the numerous polymorphisms dispersed in the ABO gene. A few studies have examined the diversity of the O allele compared to A or B subgroup alleles, resulting in antigenic changes. This study investigated the relationship between the serologic and molecular genetic characteristics of the O alleles in the Korean population. METHODS: One hundred and five samples from healthy blood group O subjects were selected randomly. The isoagglutinin titer was measured using a tube agglutination and gel microcolumn assay. The ABO alleles were analyzed by sequencing exons 6 and 7 of the ABO gene. When the origin of a heterozygous nucleotide sequence was ambiguous, it was separated into a single allele using mono-allele amplification or cloning. RESULTS: The median IgM isoagglutinin titer was eight. In contrast, the median IgG anti-A and anti-B isoagglutinin titers were 64 and 32, respectively. The IgG isoagglutinin titer showed a significant increase with age (P<0.0001). Six O alleles were observed in 105 blood group O populations by sequencing. The O01 and O02 alleles were common (0.57, 0.36). Three rare O alleles (O04, O05, and O06) and one novel non-deletional O allele were found. CONCLUSION: The distribution of isoagglutinin titers of blood group O and the genetic frequency of O alleles in this study would form the basis of the development and interpretation of ABO genotyping and serologic workup in the Korean population.
Agglutination ; Alleles ; Base Sequence ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; Exons ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Molecular Biology ; Sequence Analysis

OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of early enteral nutrition (EN) on immune function of the patients after operation for severe abdominal trauma.

METHODSFourty patients who underwent operation for severe abdominal trauma were randomly divided into two groups, and received an early enteral nutrition (EN group, n=20) through jejunal nutritional tube from postoperative day 1, or parental nutrition (PN group, n=20) for 7 days. C3, IgA, IgM, IgG and CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ of the two groups patients were detected on the day before operation and the postoperative day 1 and 8. The infection complications were compared.

RESULTSAfter 7 days, the levels of C3+, IgA, IgG, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ in EN group increased significantly compared with those in PN group (P< 0.05). The incidence of infection was 10% in EN group, while 30% in PN group (P< 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEarly enteral nutrition can improve immune function and decrease postoperative infection after operation for severe abdominal trauma.

Abdominal Injuries ; immunology ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; CD3 Complex ; analysis ; CD4 Antigens ; analysis ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; CD8 Antigens ; analysis ; Complement C3 ; analysis ; Enteral Nutrition ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; analysis ; Immunoglobulin G ; analysis ; Male ; Postoperative Period ; Young Adult