The testicular tissue, sperm cells, seminal plasma, and the male accessory sexual glands possess enough antigenic potency to induce autoantibody formation which can render the male organism temporarily or permanently sterile. There have been relatively few immunologic studies on male accessory sexual glands. The interest of the investigators has centered mainly on the possible existence of separate characteristic antigens, in the glandular tissue and in the secretions. The induction of antibodies in the heterologous sensitization procedure, and also the potential damage developed by the accessory glands themselves, were major areas of study. The cross reactions between extracts of prostate, seminal vesicles and seminal plasma were demonstrated. And it has been reported that antibodies against testicular antigens react with epididymal sperm but not with accessory glands, whereas anti-seminal plasma antibodies react with accessory glands and seminal sperm but only weakly with testicular antigens. The purpose of this study was to observe the immunopathologic effect of rabbit anti-rat seminal vesicular serum on seminal vesicular tissue of rats and the cross reaction against testes and epididymides The results were as follow; 1. The tubules of the seminal vesicle were atrophied and accompanied by destruction with degenerative changes of the epithelium and lymphocyte infiltration. 2. There were no definite histopathologic changes on testes and epididymides. 3. Rat seminal vesicular tissue showed at least four antigenic components on immunoelectrophoresis 4. The cross reactions between seminal vesicular antigen and the anti-epididymal or anti-testicular antibody were not demonstrated on immunodiffusion test.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Cross Reactions ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Immunodiffusion ; Immunoelectrophoresis ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Plasma ; Prostate ; Rats* ; Research Personnel ; Semen ; Seminal Vesicles ; Spermatozoa ; Testis

Mugwort and ragweed pollens have been considered as important respiratory allergens in Korea. These two pollens are abundant in the air of Seoul from August through October. Many ragweed-sensitive patients have shown concurrent sensitivities to mugwort pollen. However the antigenic relationship between these two pollens has not been clarified. To observe the cross-reactivity between them, we developed polyclonal anti-mugwort and anti-ragweed antibodies by immunization on New Zealand white rabbits, and performed crossed immunoelectrophoresis(CIE) with two pollen extracts. Five precipitation lines were formed by mugwort and anti-mugwort antibody. One precipitation line was formed by ragweed and anti-ragweed antibody. There was no reaction from mugwort and anti-ragweed antibody, and from ragweed and anti-mugwort antibody. These results indicate that there is no cross-antigenicity between mugwort and ragweed pollens.
Animal ; Antibodies/immunology ; Cross Reactions ; Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional ; Pollen/*immunology ; Rabbits

The sero-prevalence of antibodies against blue tongue virus (BTV) in 408 local breeds of sheep in Rajasthan state in India was investigated using standard agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. Maximum seropositivities of 11.3% (13/115), 10.7% (13/121), 7.1% (11/155) and 5.9% (1/17) were recorded in the Chokla, Magra, Nali and Pugal breeds, respectively. Out of 107 goat serum samples, 6 (5.6%) were AGID positive. The performance of the standard AGID, counter current immuno-electrophoresis (CCIE) and the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for the detection of serum antibody against BTV in indigenous breeds of sheep were compared. Out of 178 sheep serum samples tested, 17 (9.5%), 22 (12.3%) and 54 (30.3%) were positive for group-specific bluetongue antibodies by AGID, CCIE and cELISA, respectively. There was appreciable difference in the seroprevalence detected by AGID, CCIE and cELISA in clinically healthy and diseased sheep with regard to relative sensitivities and specificities of the tests with cELISA being highly sensitive and specific followed by CCIE and AGID test. It was concluded that these indigenous breeds of sheep may be a potential reservoir of BTV infection and cELISA should be routinely used for the detection of antibodies against BTV in these local breeds of sheep.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/*analysis ; Bluetongue/*diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Counterimmunoelectrophoresis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Goat Diseases/*diagnosis ; Goats ; Immunodiffusion ; India/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Sheep

Quantitative determination of immunoglobulin was used in the diagnosis of prostatitis in seminal fluid and serum by radial immunodiffusion method. The study was performed in 11 normal healthy men and 20 prostatitis patients and they were compared with each other. Significant elevation of IgA in seminal fluid of patients with prostatitis was obtained.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunodiffusion ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulins* ; Male ; Prostatitis*

This study was performed in order to identify changes of the plasma membrane proteins in rat submandibular gland tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene [DMBA] and X-irradiation. Two kinds of tumor associated membrane proteins (protein A and B) were isolated with 3 M KCl extraction from rat submandibular gland tumors induced by DMBA and X-irradiation. To identify their antigenicities, immunoelectrophoresis and double immunodiffusion was carried out with various proteins extracted from liver, heart, skin and pancreas of adult rats and from embryonic liver, heart and skin. The rabbit antisera against the protein A did not cross-react with any of the proteins extracted from the above mentioned tissues, suggesting that protein A might be tumor specific antigen. However, the rabbit antisera against protein B was precipitated with proteins extracted from the liver of adult and embryonic rats. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of these two proteins (A and B) showed that protein A was a dimer with molecular weights of 69,000 and 35,000 dalton, whereas protein B was a monomer with molecular weight of 50,000 dalton.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene* ; Adult ; Animals ; Cell Membrane ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Heart ; Humans ; Immune Sera ; Immunodiffusion ; Immunoelectrophoresis ; Liver ; Membrane Proteins ; Molecular Weight ; Pancreas ; Rats* ; Skin ; Staphylococcal Protein A ; Submandibular Gland*

Determination of immunoglobulin in prostatic secretion and serum by radial immunodiffusion method was used in the diagnosis of prostatitis. The study was performed in 16 normal healthy men and 45 prostatitis patients. The results were as follows; 1 Significant elevation of IgG and IgA in Prostatic fluid of patients with prostatitis was obtained. 2. Ratio of IgA in prostatic secretion to immunoglobulin in serum was increased in patients with prostatitis than normal healthy men.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunodiffusion ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulins* ; Male ; Prostatitis*

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia is a rare autosomal recessive hemorrhagic disorder characterized by prolonged bleeding time, ad deficient or absent clot retraction in the presence of normal platelet count. The major underlying abnormality in this disease is grossly defective first-phase aggregation of platelet, which are unresponsive to ADP or other platelet agonists such as epinephrine, collagen, thrombin in any concentration. This disability is caused by a decrease or absence of the platelet membrans glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex, a member of the integrin family of adhesive receptors involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix fibronectin, and vitronectin On the development of surface labeling technique, a variety of biochemical techniques such as radioimmunoassay, crossed immunoelectrophoresis and SDS-PAGE have been used to study the structure and the function of platelet membrane glycoproteins, and to detect the platelet functional defect. But all of these techniques demand a relatively large amount of homogeneous paletelet population that requires manipulation through isolation and washing procedures before analysis. In order to eliminaste such an intricate procedure, we have applied method for analyzing platelet surface components in whole blood using monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry to recognize the absence of severe reduction of platelet membrane glycoprotien llb-llla complex. Platelet analysis by flow cytometry is a successful alternative rapid diagnostic technique for Glanzmann's thrombasthenia patients as well as well as for carriers of this disease. Fow cytometry technique provides a sensitive tool for investigating platelet functional defects caused by altered expression or deficiency of platelet surface proteins.
Adenosine Diphosphate ; Adhesives ; Bleeding Time ; Blood Platelets* ; Clot Retraction ; Collagen ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Epinephrine ; Fibronectins ; Flow Cytometry* ; Glycoproteins ; Hemorrhagic Disorders ; Humans ; Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional ; Membrane Glycoproteins* ; Membrane Proteins ; Membranes* ; Platelet Count ; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins ; Radioimmunoassay ; Thrombasthenia* ; Thrombin ; Vitronectin

This study was performed to investigate associations between serum alpha(1)-antitrypsin(AAT) concentration and radiological categories of coal workers' pneumoconlosis(CWP), between AAT concentration and pulmonary complications such as tuberculosis and emphysema, and to study associations between AAT concentration and FEV(1.0)% in CWP patients, We classified 254 CWP patients in D Hospital into categories of small opacity profusion. And we selected 86 subjects by with or without emphysematous finding in each categories by proportional stratified sampling method. Semm AAT concentrations were quantkated by single radial immunodiffusion method, and the findings of chest radiographs were evaluated by radilogist. The results were as follows: 1. Serum AAT concentrations were not significantly different among groups of radiological categories of small opacities. 2. Complication of emphysema was associated with smoking habits sigmficantlyl(chi square=12.16, p<0,01). And AAT concentraLion was higher in smokers and ex-smokers than in non-smokers. Serum AAT concentration was significantly higher in the cases with emphysema than in the cdses without emphybema{p<0.01). 3. Serum AAT concentration of the group with active pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly higher than with inactive or without: pulmonary tuberculosis group(p<0.1). 4. Serum AAT concentration of the group with low FEV(1.0)% was significantly higher than with high or normal group(p<0.05).
Anthracosis ; Coal* ; Emphysema ; Humans ; Immunodiffusion ; Pneumoconiosis* ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

It is known that antithrombin III is a potent vasodilator and plasmin is a vasoconstrictor, and some patients with a subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) develop clinical vasospasm and some patients do not. Under the hypothesis that the development of clinical vasospasm might depend on the difference of the blood level of antithrombin III in each patient with SAH and that the plasmin might have a role in the development of clinical vasospasm, we repeatedly checked the levels of blood antithombin III with a single radial immunodiffusion method and CSF fibrinogen degradation products(FDP : indirect indicator of plasmin activity) with a latex-test(Thrombo-Wellcotest(R)) during the period between 1-4, 5-11 and 12-24 days after a SAH in 29 patients. 10 patients with diseases except those with a SAH were selected as a control group. First, we analyzed the difference of the average of blood antithrombin III and CSF FDP between aneurysmal SAH patients and control patients and then, between patients with clinical vasospasm(8 cases) and patients without clinical vasospasm(21 cases). Secondly, we also analyzed the difference of these data between patients with clinical vasospasm and patients without clinical vasospasm according to the sampling day after a SAH. As a result, there was no statistical difference between the average blood level of antithrombin III in control and in SAH patients(29.06+/-3.04 vs. 25.61+/-6.95, respectively), and in patients with clinical vasospasm and in patients without clinical vasospasm(26.59+/-7.65 vs. 23.67+/-7.40, respectively). The average CSF levels of FDP is higher in SAH patients than in control patients(18.16+/-14.36 vs. 1.00+/-3.16, respectively : p<0.01). It is also higher in patients with clinical vasospasm than in patients without clinical vasospasm. However, there is no statistical significance(28.75+/-9.91 vs. 21.75+/-12.07, respectively : p>0.05). In the analysis of the average CSF levels of the FDP according to the sampling day after a SAH, even though the average levels is higher in patients with clinical vasospasm than in patients without clinical vasospasm(1-4 days : 31.43+/-14.64 vs. 27.33+/-16.24, 5-11 days : 23.75+/-17.68 vs. 18.10+/-16.32, 12-24 days : 32.50+/-13.89 vs. 18.82+/-16.54, respectively), a statistical significant difference was noticed only in levels which were checked between 12 and 24 days after a SAH(p<0.05). This study concludes that the blood level of antithrombin III shows no difference between the control and SAH patients, and patients with clinical vasospasm and patients without clinical vasospasm. Although it suggests a causal relationship between the FDP itself or plasmin in CSF and the development of clinical vasospasm, it does not justify any valid conclusion.
Aneurysm* ; Antithrombin III* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Fibrinogen ; Fibrinolysin ; Humans ; Immunodiffusion ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage* ; Vasospasm, Intracranial

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to observe the salivary immunoglobulin level in whole saliva of infected patients and also to investigate the changes of immunoglobulin level according to its management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty infected patients who have been admitted to the dept. of oral and maxillofacial surgery of Pusan National University Hospital have been selected as subjects and we analysed the changes of immunoglobulin level of 1.5~3.0ml of unstimulated whole saliva collected throughout four times; the day before treatment, the first day after treatment, the third day after treatment and the day before discharge. We also compared them with immunoglobulins in whole saliva that was collected from 4 normal persons as control group. In radial immunodiffusion technique with BACKMAN(Array 360 system, McLean, USA), level of immunoglobulins was analyzed. RESULTS: The isotypes of Ig that have been found in saliva of normal persons were IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE and their mean level was 8.23, 36.41, 4.38, and 2.38 respectively. In the infected patients before the treatment, the level of IgG, IgA was remarkably higher than that of normal persons, however we could not find the difference on the level of IgM, IgE. As the infection was healing, the level of IgG, IgA was decresing significantly.
Busan ; Humans ; Immunodiffusion ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin Isotypes* ; Immunoglobulin M ; Immunoglobulins* ; Saliva* ; Surgery, Oral