No abstract available.
Immunization Programs ; Immunization ; Korea

No abstract available.
Immunization ; Immunization Programs ; Korea ; Vaccination

China ; Immunization Programs

Vaccination is one of the most effective and cost-benefit interventions that reduced the mortality. Major vaccine preventable diseases have decreased dramatically after the introduction of immunization program in Korea. In this article, we review milestones in history of immunization program, especially in adult vaccination.
Adult ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunization Programs ; Korea ; Vaccination

China ; Emigration and Immigration ; Immunization Programs

National Immunization Program (NIP) in korea is regulated by government for effective prevention of infectious diseases since 1954. But the program is only performed in public health center, so many people had various complaints such as inconvenience to use public center, high cost when vaccinated in private medical organization and lack of speciality and registration etc. In this reason, it was very difficult to raise the vaccination rate to 95 percent, infectious disease preventable rate. With this background national assembly and government try to expand the NIP coverage both public health center and private medical organization with increasing budget from 2009. So in this paper an overview and preparation of Korean pediatrician according to the expanding plan of NIP are described.
Budgets ; Communicable Diseases ; Immunization ; Immunization Programs ; Korea ; Public Health ; Vaccination

Vaccination is a very efficacious medical management to prevent infectious diseases. We can also save human life and maintain economy through vaccination. Vaccination era has started since the 18th century at the time when bovine small pox vaccine was developed by Jenner. After this time, many effective vaccines have been developed and clinically implemented. As the results of active vaccination, so many contagious infectious diseases were eradicated and markedly decreased. However, if we neglect the importance of vaccination, infectious diseases will re-emerge. In this respect, the role of medical community in an era of opened vaccination should maintain the activity of immunization and actively participate in the government enterprise concerned with the National Immunization Programs (NIP). Medical community has to lead our society to achieve the health of people through improved vaccines and well designed vaccination programs. For this goal, medical personnel must have a vaccine-oriented concept and expert medical knowledge in vaccination. Finally, medical community has to realize the true concepts of this era and advertize the facts to the people.
Communicable Diseases ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunization Programs ; Vaccination ; Vaccines

PURPOSE: In this study, doctors were surveyed with a questionnaire to determine whether they performed simultaneous vaccination and whether there were any concerns about safety or anxiety. The purpose of this study was to determine any problems associated with doctors readily performing simultaneous vaccination. METHODS: A trained surveyor visited 241 doctors from every institution registered with the National Immunization Program (NIP) located within six districts (gu) in the City of Busan (Dongnae-gu, Geumjeong-gu, Yeonje-gu, Suyeong-gu, Busanjin-gu, Haeundae-gu); a total of 155 (64%) valid responses were obtained. RESULTS: Of the 155 respondents, 144 (93%) were already performing simultaneous immunizations and 141 (91%) had a positive view of the practice. However, among the 144 doctors performing simultaneous immunizations, 67 (47%) were not confident about its safety; side effects were seen after simultaneous immunization by 86 doctors, 35 (41%) of whom believed that the frequency or possibility of side effects in simultaneous immunizations was higher than that in sequential immunizations. CONCLUSIONS: The use of simultaneous immunization is expanding quickly. However, among the doctors performing simultaneous immunizations, a high percentage had concerns over its unproven safety and potential side effects, indicating the need for academic societies or government institutions to present evidence to address such concerns.
Anxiety ; Busan ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Immunization ; Immunization Programs ; Vaccination*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this seroepidmiologic study was to examine the immunization and infection history of rubella, positivity of rubella specific antibody, seroconversion rate of two rubella vaccines and to develop an adequate immunization program of rubella. Research Methods : Subjects of the study were 2.071 students of 8 priamary schools in Gyenggi-Do. Questionnaire and blood sampling were done. Test method of Rubella specific antibody was ELISA (Abbott IMx autoanalyzer). The anayltic methods for the study were chi-square-test, t-test and ANOVA. RESULTS: The results of the study were as follows : (1)The number of subjects who had infection history of rubella were only 28 students(1.5%). (2)The immunization rate of rubella was the highest in 6 year-old group(65%), it decrease as subjects grow older. (3)The positivity of rubella antibody was 76. 6%, it is the highest in 6 year old group and the lowest in 7 year-old group and it increase again as subjects grow older. (4)Average antibody titer was 53.3 IU(SD 79.2), the trend of antibody titer by age was similar to that of positivity. (5)The seroconversion rates of both vaccines, vaccine A,vaccine B, were 99.5% and 99.6%, the ratio of increase of antibody titer after immunization was higer than 400. it means that both vaccines are very efficacious. CONCLUSION: Results of the study suggest that it is necessary to increase the coverage of rubella immunization, and further studies are necessary to get more information for rubella.
Child ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunization Programs ; Rubella* ; Seroepidemiologic Studies* ; Vaccines ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The Korean influenza national immunization program was first established as an interim program in 1997, administering the influenza vaccine to low-income elderly adults. In 2005, the program assumed its present form of providing free influenza vaccination to adults aged ≥65 years. After turning over the influenza vaccination for elderly adults to the private sectors in 2015, the influenza vaccination coverage rate among this population increased to >80%. In addition, after the 2009 H1N1 influenza epidemic crisis, the vaccine was domestically produced. By reaching a 75% vaccination coverage rate in the target groups, it was possible to put an end to the influenza pandemic and fix the shortcomings of the system that existed at that time. The influenza vaccination program, provided free of cost, was extended to include infants aged < 12 months in 2016 and ≤59 months in 2017 in order to reduce the influenza burden in these populations. However, the vaccine effectiveness remains low despite the high vaccination rates in elderly adults. Therefore, several areas, such as the adoption of quadrivalent influenza vaccine, adjuvanted influenza vaccine, and high-dose influenza vaccine and the expansion of vaccination target groups, still need to be addressed.
Adult ; Aged ; Humans ; Immunization Programs* ; Immunization* ; Infant ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human* ; Korea ; Pandemics ; Private Sector ; Vaccination