1.Basic immunization of vaccines is fundamental, and booster immunization is the guarantee: Booster immunization and its public health value.
Ze Xin TAO ; Ren Peng LI ; Yan Yan SONG ; Aiqiang XU
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2022;56(10):1401-1410
Booster immunization is the following vaccination after a period of vaccine primary immunization schedule in order to maintain immunity against a certain pathogen. In this article, the immunological mechanism of booster immunization is elaborated, and the effectiveness and public health value of booster immunization for common vaccines is discussed. Subsequently, three hot issues of general concern in booster immunization are addressed, and the public health viewpoint that "Primary immunization of vaccines is fundamental, and booster immunization is the guarantee" is emphasized, so as to raise awareness of the importance and necessity of booster immunization as well as to provide scientific evidences for vaccine immunization practice.
Humans
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Immunization, Secondary
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Public Health
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Immunization Schedule
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Vaccination
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Viral Vaccines
2.Brain Tumor Immunology: Part II : Immunotherapy of Malignant Brain Tumors.
Yong Kil HONG ; Hyung Kyun RHA ; Chul Ku JUNG ; Sang Won LEE ; Tae Hoon JO ; Min Woo BAIK ; Suk Hoon YOON ; Joon Ki KANG ; Jin Un SONG ; Chang Rak CHOI
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 1990;19(10-12):1389-1396
The prognosis of patients with malignant brain tumors has improved only slightly despite the combined use of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy offers some possibilities and hopes as a fourth modality for the treatment of cancers although it is still in the early stages of development. It is possible to classify immunotherapy within four generally accepted modalities : 1) restorative or nonspecific immunotherapy 2) adoptive immunotherapy 3) passive immunotherapy 4) active immunotherapy. The techniques of recombinant DNA, genetic engineering, cell fusion and hybridoma production, and molecular biology will make these therapeutic approaches more successful and as the clinical applications expand the skillful cancertherapist will become increasingly familiar with these treatments and the problems associated with their use.
Allergy and Immunology*
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Brain Neoplasms*
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Brain*
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Cell Fusion
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DNA, Recombinant
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Drug Therapy
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Genetic Engineering
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Hope
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Humans
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Hybridomas
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Immunization, Passive
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Immunotherapy*
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Immunotherapy, Active
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Immunotherapy, Adoptive
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Molecular Biology
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Prognosis
3.Analysis for dropout of DTaP routine immunization in China in 2019.
Jia Kai YE ; Lei CAO ; Wen Zhou YU ; Yi Fan SONG ; Zun Dong YIN
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2022;56(12):1723-1727
Objective: To analyze the dropout of adsorbed diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis combined vaccine (DTaP) routine immunization in China in 2019. Methods: DTaP vaccination data in all counties in China were collected through National Immunization Program Information Management System in 2019. Cumulative dropout rate and vaccination rate of DTaP in different provinces were calculated. According to the P25, P50 and P75 values of DTaP dropout rate for all counties by province, counties in each province were divided into four groups (Q1-Q4). The DTaP average dropout rate of four groups and absolute difference (difference in DTaP average dropout rate between Q4 and Q1) were calculated. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the relationship between absolute difference and provincial DTaP dropout rate, DTaP1 and DTaP3 vaccination rate. Results: DTaP1 vaccination rate ranged from 92.98% to 99.94% by province, with a median of 99.55%. Provincial DTaP dropout rate ranged from 0.36% to 28.66%, with a median of 3.54%. The provincial DTaP dropout rate was more than 10% in Gansu and Guizhou, about 28.66% and 17.19%. Absolute difference ranged from 4.02% to 39.22%, with a median of 10.16%. Provinces with the largest absolute difference were Gansu, Qinghai, Liaoning and Guizhou, about 39.22%, 34.48%, 23.31% and 21.33%, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that the absolute difference was positively correlated with provincial DTaP dropout rate, with a correlation coefficient of 0.492 (P=0.004). It was negatively correlated with DTaP1 and DTaP3 vaccination rate. Correlation coefficients were -0.542 (P=0.001) and -0.562 (P=0.001), respectively. Conclusions: There are significant county-level differences in DTap dropout rate in most provinces, with relatively high difference in western provinces.
Humans
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Infant
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Whooping Cough/prevention & control*
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Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine
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Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines
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Vaccination
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China
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Immunization, Secondary
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Immunization Schedule
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Antibodies, Bacterial
4.Recommended Immunization Schedule for Health Infants and Children.
Journal of the Korean Medical Association 1997;40(12):1596-1602
No abstract available.
Child*
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Humans
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Immunization Schedule*
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Immunization*
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Infant*
5.Expert consensus on the use of combination vaccine and simultaneous immunization in children aged 0-12 months.
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2022;56(8):1035-1041
As the implementation of national expanded program on immunization and the increase of non-immunization vaccine, the types and doses of vaccines for children are increasing accordingly. And the problems of 0-12 months children are more outstanding, which affects timely and entirely complete the vaccination. The use of combination vaccines, or simultaneous immunization which is also the future trend can simplify immunization procedures, increase vaccination rate and provide more protection for children. This paper was completed based on the review of the latest national and international literatures, immunization procedures and vaccine instructions, form the consensus of problems, challenges and solution of immunization strategies for 0-12 months children, with special aims to provide reference for reasonable vaccination arrangements for primary vaccination doctors in China.
Child
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Consensus
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Humans
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Immunization Programs
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Immunization Schedule
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Infant
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Vaccination
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Vaccines
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Vaccines, Combined
6.Expert consensus on the use of combination vaccine and simultaneous immunization in children aged 0-12 months.
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2022;43(8):1171-1177
As the implementation of national expanded program on immunization and the increase of non-immunization vaccine, the types and doses of vaccines for children are increasing accordingly. And the problems of 0-12 months children are more outstanding, which affects timely and entirely complete the vaccination. The use of combination vaccines, or simultaneous immunization which is also the future trend can simplify immunization procedures, increase vaccination rate and provide more protection for children. This paper was completed based on the review of the latest national and international literatures, immunization procedures and vaccine instructions, form the consensus of problems, challenges and solution of immunization strategies for 0-12 months children, with special aims to provide reference for reasonable vaccination arrangements for primary vaccination doctors in China.
Child
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Consensus
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Humans
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Immunization Programs
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Immunization Schedule
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Infant
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Vaccination/methods*
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Vaccines
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Vaccines, Combined
7.Understanding the behavioural and social drivers of vaccine uptake: introduction and implications of World Health Organization Position Paper, 2022.
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2022;56(10):1494-1498
On May 20, 2022, World Health Organization (WHO) Position Paper on Understanding the Behavioural and Social Drivers of Vaccine Uptake (BeSD) was published. This review introduced the BeSD toolkit, interventions to increase vaccine uptake, and offered WHO's position and recommendation. Based on immunization practice, this position paper had some implications for improving the vaccination coverage in China: (1) To promote the BeSD toolkit localization; (2) To integrate the measurement and monitoring of BeSD into multisectoral routine efforts; (3) To enhance the diversity and professionalization of immunization practitioners; (4) To design and carry out implementation research scientifically.
Humans
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Immunization Programs
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Immunization Schedule
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Health Policy
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World Health Organization
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Vaccination
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Vaccines
8.The Kinetics of Secondary Response of Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cells Primed in vitro with Antigen.
Seong Ok PARK ; Young Woo HAN ; Abi George ALEYAS ; Junu Abi GEORGE ; Hyun A YOON ; Seong Kug EO
Immune Network 2006;6(2):93-101
BACKGROUND: Memory T lymphocytes of the immune system provide long-term protection in response to bacterial or viral infections/immunization. Ag concentration has also been postulated to be important in determining whether T cell differentiation favors effector versus memory cell development. In the present study we hypothesized that na?ve Ag-specific CD4+ T cells briefly stimulated with different Ag doses at the primary exposure could affect establishment of memory cell pool after secondary immunization. METHODS: To assess this hypothesis, the response kinetics of DO11.10 TCR CD4+ T cells primed with different Ag doses in vitro was measured after adoptive transfer to naive BALB/c mice. RESULTS: Maximum expansion was shown in cells primarily stimulated with high doses of ovalbumin peptide (OVA323-339), whereas cells in vitro stimulated with low dose were expanded slightly after in vivo secondary exposure. However, the cells primed with low OVA323-339 peptide dose showed least contraction and established higher number of memory cells than other treated groups. When the cell division was analyzed after adoptive transfer, the high dose Ag-stimulated donor cells have undergone seven rounds of cell division at 3 days post-adoptive transfer. However, there was very few division in naive and low dose of peptide-treated group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that primary stimulation with a low dose of Ag leads to better memory CD4+ T cell generation after secondary immunization. Therefore, these facts imply that optimally primed CD4+ T cells is necessary to support effective memory pool following administration of booster dose in prime-boost vaccination.
Adoptive Transfer
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Animals
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Cell Differentiation
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Cell Division
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Humans
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Immune System
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Immunization, Secondary
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Kinetics*
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Memory
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Mice
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Ovalbumin
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T-Lymphocytes*
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Tissue Donors
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Vaccination
9.Adoptive Transfer of Colon Cancer Derived Peptide-specific CD8+ T Cells in HHD Mice.
Hun Soon JUNG ; In Sook AHN ; Hyung Ki DO ; Francois A LEMONNIER ; Boaz TIROSH ; Esther TZEHOVAL ; Ezra VADAI ; Lea EISENBACH ; Myoung Sool DO
Immune Network 2004;4(1):31-37
BACKGROUND: 1-8D gene is a member of human 1-8 interferon inducible gene family and is shown to be overexpressed in fresh colon cancer tissues. Three peptides 1-6, 3-5 and 3-7 derived from 1-8D gene were shown to have immunogenicity against colon cancer. METHODS: To study tumor immunotherapy of these peptides we established an adoptive transfer model. D(b-/-)Xbeta2 microglobulin (beta2m) null mice transgenic for a chimeric HLA-A2.1/D(b)-beta2m single chain (HHD mice) were immunized with irradiated peptide-loaded RMA-S/HHD/B7.1 transfectants. Spleens were removed after last immunization, and splenocytes were re-stimulated in vitro. Lymphocytes from vaccinated HHD mice were transferred together with IL-2 to the tumor bearing nude mice that were challenged S.C. with the HCT/HHD/B7 colon carcinoma cell line that was found to grow in these mice. RESULTS: Peptide 3-5 was found to be highly effective in CTL activity. Adoptively transferred anti-peptide 3-5 cytolytic T lymphocytes caused significant retardation in tumor growth. CONCLUSION: This study shows that peptide 3-5 can be the most effective candidate for the vaccine of adoptive immunotherapy against colon cancer.
Adoptive Transfer*
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Animals
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Cell Line
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Colon*
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Colonic Neoplasms*
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Humans
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Immunization
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Immunotherapy
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Immunotherapy, Adoptive
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Interferons
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Interleukin-2
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Lymphocytes
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Mice*
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Mice, Nude
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Peptides
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Spleen
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T-Lymphocytes*
10.Immunogenicity and Safety of Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine(Engerix B).
Kyung Ja LEE ; Min Kee CHO ; Woong Ki CHANG ; Hae Sun YOON ; Jae Kook CHA ; Jeong Eun CHOI ; Chong Young PARK ; Sang Aun JOO ; Hee Jung KANG
Korean Journal of Infectious Diseases 1998;30(1):69-74
BACKGROUND: Several studies on the efficacy and safety of the hepatitis B vaccine have shown variable immunogenicity. In this study we reexamined the immunogenicity and safety of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, Engerix B which have currently been administered to the children in Korea. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from 126 children and 111 adults who were immunized according to the 0, 1, 2-month and 0, 1, 6-month vaccination schedule. Anti-HBs antibody titers were measured by ELISA in sera obtained after each immunization, and compared by immunization schedules. RESULTS: In 62 children with 0, 1, 2-month immunization schedule seroconversion rate was 83.9% after 1st vaccination, 96.8% after 2nd, and 98.4% after 3rd. In 64 children with 0, 1, 6-month immunization schedule seroconversion rates was 78.1% after 1st vaccination, 87.5% after 2nd and 100% after 3rd. In 50 adults immunized with 0, 1, 2-month schedule seroconversionrates was 48.0% after 1st vaccination, 74.0% after 2nd and 90.0% after 3rd. In 61 adults immunized with 0, 1, 6-month schedule seroconversion rate was 44.3% after 1st vaccination, 65.6% after 2nd and 93.4% after 3rd. Seroconversion rate after 0, 1, 2- month vaccination schedule were 98.4% in children and 90.0% in adults. Seroconversion rate after 0, 1, 6-month schedule were 100% in children and 93.4% in adults. There were no significant local and systemic untoward reactions among vaccinees. CONCLUSION: The recombinant Engerix B is excellent in immunogenicity with 93.4% and 100% seroconversion rates in adults and children, respectively. There is no significant difference in seroconversion rate between two vaccination schedule. The vaccine is safe.
Adult
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Appointments and Schedules
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Child
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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
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Hepatitis B Vaccines
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Hepatitis B*
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Hepatitis*
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Humans
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Immunization
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Immunization Schedule
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Korea
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Vaccination