No abstract available.
Immune Tolerance*

Dendritic cells (DC) play an important roles in the maintenance of central immune tolerance and peripheral immune tolerance. DC can be involved in formation of autoimmune tolerance by many mechanisms and demonstrate strong plasticity, so that DC become hot issue in the research of transplantation tolerance recently. In this article the DC typing and its role, the indirect pathway of DC-inducing immune tolerance, the F1t3L and apoptotic cell role, the modified DC by genetic engineering and the immune inhibitors were summarized.
Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Transplantation Tolerance ; immunology

The intestinal immune system can discriminate between harmful and unharmful antigens and do not provoke productive immunity to unharmful antigen. Thus oral administration of antigen is one of classical methods for inducing antigen-specific immune tolerance in the periphery. Furthermore, oral tolerance has been investigated for the treatment of autoimmune disorders in human clinical trials. However, the detail mechanism of oral tolerance and contributing factors are not defined clearly at this time. Recent studies demonstrate unique types of immune cell that suppressing immune response, such as regulatory T cell and tolerogenic dendritic cell. This article reviews the factors involved in oral tolerance and discusses our current understanding base on the recent literatures and our works.
Administration, Oral ; Dendritic Cells ; Humans ; Immune System ; Immune Tolerance

Hepatitis, Autoimmune ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Liver Transplantation

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are functionally mature T cell subpopulations which are key players of maintaining the balance of immunological defense system. Treg can proliferate in vivo or in vitro by antigen specific way or non-antigen specific way, and actively control the properties of other immune cells by suppressing their functional activity and their proliferation as well.
Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology

No abstract available.
Asthma ; Immune Tolerance ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

Fatty Liver ; immunology ; Immune Tolerance ; Liver ; immunology

The immune system is continuously exposed to great amounts of different antigens from both food and intestinal microbes. Immune tolerance to these antigens is very important for intestinal and systemic immune homeostasis. Oral tolerance is a specific type of peripheral tolerance induced by exposure to antigen via the oral route. Investigations on the role of intestinal immune system in preventing hypersensitivity reactions to innocuous dietary and microbial antigens have been intensively performed during the last 2 decades. In this review article, we discuss how food allergens are recognized by the intestinal immune system and draw attention to the role of regulatory T (Treg) and B (Breg) cells in the establishment of oral tolerance and tolerogenic features of intestinal dendritic cells. We also emphasize the potential role of tonsils in oral tolerance induction because of their anatomical location, cellular composition, and possible usage to develop novel ways of specific immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic diseases.
Allergens ; Dendritic Cells ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Homeostasis ; Hypersensitivity ; Immune System ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunotherapy ; Palatine Tonsil ; Peripheral Tolerance

Veto activity was defined as the capacity of specifically downregulating cytotoxic T-precursor cell (CTL-p) directed against antigens of the veto cells themselves but not against third-party antigens. Many studies have shown that the most potent veto cells are CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8(+)CTLs). Effectively, CD8(+)CTLs of donor origin can facilitate engraftment of donor's stem cells by eliminating host-alloreactive T lymphocytes. In this article, effect mechanisms, depletion of GVH ex vivo, application in vivo, synergistic enhancement with rapamycin and regulatory T cells, and anti-tumor effect in the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are summarized.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic

The testis is an immune privileged organ where germ cells are protected from autoimmune attack to ensure its reproductive function. Immune tolerance is important for the normal development and function of the testis. Notwithstanding its immune-privileged status, the imbalance between the tolerogenic and the efferent limb of the testicular immune response may lead to autoimmune damage in inflammatory or infected circumstances. Testicular immune regulation is a complex system involving multiple factors and the study of the regulation mechanisms of the testis is of great significance for access to new therapeutic targets. Currently, testicular immunoregulation is thought to be related with blood-testis barrier, Sertoli cells, immune cells, cytokines and androgen.
Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Inflammation ; Male ; Testis ; immunology ; pathology