The lack of depth perception and spatial orientation in two-dimensional image of traditional laparoscopy require long-term training of the surgeons. Three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopy provides stereoscopic visions as compared to monocular views in a traditional laparoscopic system. In this review, the authors summarize the clinical application of 3D laparoscopy and its current research progress.
Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; instrumentation ; methods ; Laparoscopy ; methods

It is difficult to measure the circular arc radius for central angle less than 30 degrees. The existing measuring methods are of low efficiency and big error. Through designing the machine vision system and studying the image detecting method for measurement, It is obtained good results by using the new measurement for tracheal intubation's circular arc radius, Realized a rapid and accurate measurement of the circular arc radius, and expanded the application in the field of machine vision.
Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; instrumentation ; Intubation ; Trachea

This paper addressed the volume measurement of 3D ultrasound imaging system. Two different phantoms used in the measurement of volume of the 3D ultrasound imaging system were built, i.e., water phantom and agar phantom. The experiments demonstrated that as the increase of scan depth, the volume measurement accuracy is varied from 4% to 7% in water and 6% to 10% in agar. The phantoms and the volume measurement of the 3D ultrasound imaging system provides a basis for the establishment of testing standard and clinical application of 3D ultrasound imaging system.
Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Ultrasonography ; instrumentation ; methods

Optical positioning system has a wide range of application in many fields. This paper presents an optical positioning method which combines linear and plane cameras. 1-D image signal of linear camera is used to get 1-D coordinates of the targets, which can be processed quickly. We can use it to assist processing the 2-D image signals of plane camera under some constraints. Linear camera can reduce the amount of position searching and calculation in coordinates extracting of targets in 2D image, and it can also help identify multiple targets. The results showed that our method could reach an accuracy of 1.608 mm, which was about one thousandth of the measurable range, and the reconstruction time for 4 targets without geometric constraints is 23.87 ms, namely 41.9 fps.
Equipment Design ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; instrumentation ; Optical Devices

We developed a three-dimensional mini-type permanent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device in our lab. The purposes of this study were (1) for further development of MRI technologies, (2) for support of broadening practices of animal test modeling in medical research, and (3) for training more specialists from colleges or universities in the field of MRI. This paper describes the research and development at our lab(s), especially stressing on the design of the main magnet, the gradient coil and the radio frequency coil. In addition, the specific methodologies used in our lab(s) and the related data are emphasized. The 3D MRI technologies have met the needs of using small animals, super thin sections of live animal body and high imaging resolutions. MRI images of mice head and abdominal have been obtained successfully by using the imager that we developed. The imaging results and analyses have also been discussed.
Animals ; Equipment Design ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; instrumentation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; instrumentation ; methods ; Mice

Based on the integration of the advanced visualization toolkit (VTK) and the real-time rendering System (VolumePro), 4D View, a 3D real-time visualization system of medical image, which applies real-time 3D medical image (such as MR, CT image, etc.) visualization and interaction was developed. Firstly the VTK, VolumePro and their integration were introduced briefly; then the system design and function template of 4D View system was discussed in detail; finally some visualization results acquired through 4D View was illustrated. According to the results, 4D View system can effectively resolve the poor real-time characteristic of 3D medical image visualization and interaction, so it will have a wide application area of the clinical diagnosis, therapy and medical research, etc in future.
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; instrumentation ; Software ; Systems Integration

A three-dimensional (3D) transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) imaging system is presented in this paper. The 3D imaging system is used for diagnosing diseases of prostate. The 3D image is reconstructed by a series of two-dimensional image data which is obtained through rectum. It can be a guide to prostate needle biopsies. The system is built by two parts: hardware and software. In the hardware, the mechanical device, stepper motor, control circuit, B Mode TRUS and personal computer (PC) workshop are presented. The software includes the firmware of micro control unit and software of the PC workshop. In order to evaluate the performance of the 3D imaging system, we did experiments with water and agar phantoms, and the results demonstrated the system's ability of 3D imaging with high-precision.
Biopsy, Needle ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; instrumentation ; Male ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Prostate ; diagnostic imaging ; Rectum ; Software ; Ultrasonography

Recent advances in medical ultrasonic instrumentation are introduced in this review, including the progresses in transducer, diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Future development is also discussed.
Equipment Design ; Image Enhancement ; instrumentation ; methods ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; instrumentation ; methods ; Transducers ; Ultrasonic Therapy ; instrumentation ; trends ; Ultrasonics ; Ultrasonography ; instrumentation ; trends

A new scanning mode is proposed that the front-end of the probe is fixed, while the back-end makes fan-shaped, scanning movement. The new scanning mode avoided ribs drawbacks successfully. Based on the new scanning mode a 3D-Ultrasound Images System is accomplished to acquire 2D data of fetusfetus fetusfetus phantom and livers and kidneys, to demonstrates the effectiveness of the new scanning mode.
Fetus ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Kidney ; Liver ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Ultrasonics ; instrumentation ; methods

Spinal biomechanics, especially the range of spine motion,has close connection with spinal surgery. The change of the range of motion (ROM) is an important indicator of diseases and injuries of spine, and the essential evaluating standards of effect of surgeries and therapies to spine. The analysis of ROM can be dated to the time of the invention of X-ray and even that before it. With the development of science and technology as well as the optimization of various types of calculation methods, diverse measuring methods have emerged, from imaging methods to non-imaging methods, from two-dimensional to three-dimensional, from measuring directly on the X-ray films to calculating automatically by computer. Analysis of ROM has made great progress, but there are some older methods cannot meet the needs of the times and disappear, some classical methods such as X-ray still have vitality. Combining different methods, three dimensions and more vivo spine research are the trend of analysis of ROM. And more and more researchers began to focus on vivo spine research. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the methods utilized recently are presented through viewing recent literatures, providing reference and help for the movement analysis of spine.
Animals ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; instrumentation ; methods ; trends ; Radiography ; Spine ; diagnostic imaging