DNA, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Image Cytometry ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant ; diagnosis

To evaluate the value of detection of DNA aneuploidy in exfoliated airway epithelia cells of sputum specimens by the automated image cytometry for the identification of lung cancer, 100 patients were divided into patient group (50 patients with lung cancer) and control group (30 patients with tuberculosis and 20 healthy people). Sputum was obtained for the quantitative analysis of DNA content of exfoliated airway epithelial cells with the automated image cytometry, together with the examinations of brush cytology and conventional sputum cytology. Our results showed that DNA aneuploidy (DI>2.5 or 5c) was found in 20 out of 50 sputum samples of lung cancer, 1 out of 30 sputum samples from tuberculosis patients, and none of 20 sputum samples from healthy people. The positive rates of conventional sputum cytology and brush cytology were 16% and 32%, which was lower than that of DNA aneuploidy detection by the automated image cytometry (P<0.01, P>0.05). Our study showed-that automated image cytometry, which uses DNA aneuploidy as a marker for tumor, can detect the malignant cells in sputum samples of lung cancer and it is a sensitive and specific method serving as a complement for the diagnosis of lung cancer.
*Aneuploidy ; DNA, Neoplasm/*analysis ; Image Cytometry/methods ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics ; Lung Neoplasms/*pathology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sputum/*cytology

There are substantial evidence suggesting that DNA content of tumors may provide the prognostic information with independent significances. With the advent of computer and video technology, image analysis becomes a practical method of measuring DNA that also makes it possible to classify cells. Among the patients who were operated and diagnosed as bone tumor at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Hospital, from March 1992 to March 1995, we evaluated 19 cases by image cytometry and studied them. Among 19 case, 4 cases were fibrous dysplasia, 2 cases chondroma, 3 cases osteosarcoma, 2 cases chondrosarcoma, and 8 cases were metastatic bone tumors. Total benign tumors were 6 cases and malignant tumors were 13 cases. All benign tumors were diploid and all malignant tumors but one metastatic tumor were aneuploid. As a result, DNA quantitation by image analysis is effective in the differential diagnosis of malignancy in bone tumor. It seems that DNA quantitation will be used on the evaluation of tumor staging and prognosis by further clinical study.
Aneuploidy ; Chondroma ; Chondrosarcoma ; Clinical Study ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diploidy ; DNA ; Humans ; Image Cytometry ; Korea ; Methods ; Neoplasm Staging ; Orthopedics ; Osteosarcoma ; Prognosis

To evaluate the value of detection of DNA aneuploidy in exfoliated airway epithelia cells of sputum specimens by the automated image cytometry for the identification of lung cancer, 100 patients were divided into patient group (50 patients with lung cancer) and control group (30 patients with tuberculosis and 20 healthy people). Sputum was obtained for the quantitative analysis of DNA content of exfoliated airway epithelial cells with the automated image cytometry, together with the examinations of brush cytology and conventional sputum cytology. Our results showed that DNA aneuploidy (DI>2.5 or 5c) was found in 20 out of 50 sputum samples of lung cancer, 1 out of 30 sputum samples from tuberculosis patients, and none of 20 sputum samples from healthy people. The positive rates of conventional sputum cytology and brush cytology were 16% and 32%, which was lower than that of DNA aneuploidy detection by the automated image cytometry (P<0.01, P>0.05). Our study showed-that automated image cytometry, which uses DNA aneuploidy as a marker for tumor, can detect the malignant cells in sputum samples of lung cancer and it is a sensitive and specific method serving as a complement for the diagnosis of lung cancer.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aneuploidy ; DNA, Neoplasm ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Image Cytometry ; methods ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sputum ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo discuss the application of automated DNA image cytometry (ICM) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma of bladder.

METHODSFrom August 2008 to March 2009, 60 volunteers with informed consent were divided into two groups, 40 patients proven as urothelial carcinoma of bladder by pathology and 20 healthy individuals as control. Urine was collected and tested by cytology, ICM and FISH.

RESULTSOverall sensitivity of FISH was significantly higher in detection of malignancy than that of ICM (82.5% vs 62.5%, P < 0.05) and that of urine cytology (82.5% vs 25.0%, P < 0.05), while ICM was more sensitive to diagnose urothelial carcinoma of bladder than urine cytology (62.5% vs 25.0%, P < 0.05). Specificities of urine cytology, ICM and FISH were 100% in diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma of bladder (P > 0.05). Sensitivities of urine cytology, ICM and FISH have no correlation with pathological stage (P > 0.05), but have significant correlation with grade (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSICM and FISH have the same specificity as urine cytology in diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma of bladder, but they have significantly higher sensitivity than urine cytology. FISH has the highest sensitivity among three diagnostic methods. Therefore, FISH may become a newly non-invasive technique for the diagnosis and surveillance of urothelial carcinoma of bladder.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Image Cytometry ; methods ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urinary Bladder ; pathology ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology

Aneuploidy ; Animals ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; genetics ; pathology ; DNA, Neoplasm ; analysis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Image Cytometry ; methods ; Neoplasms, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a common pathogen in humans, is suspected as the cause of multiple pregnancy-related pathologies including depression, preeclampsia, and stillbirth. Moreover, transmission of EBV through the placenta has been reported. However, the focus of EBV infection within the placenta has remained unknown to date. In this study, we proved the expression of latent EBV genes in the endometrial glandular epithelial cells of the placenta and investigated the cytological characteristics of these cells. Sixty-eight placentas were obtained from pregnant women. Tissue microarray was constructed. EBV latent genes including EBV-encoding RNA-1 (EBER1), Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1), late membrane antigen (LMP1), and RPMS1 were detected with silver in situ hybridization and/or mRNA in situ hybridization. Nuclear features of EBV-positive cells in EBV-infected placenta were compared with those of EBV-negative cells via image analysis. Sixteen placentas (23.5%) showed positive expression of all 4 EBV latent genes; only the glandular epithelial cells of the decidua showed EBV gene expression. EBV infection status was not significantly correlated with maternal, fetal, or placental factors. The nuclei of EBV-positive cells were significantly larger, longer, and round-shaped than those of EBV-negative cells regardless of EBV-infection status of the placenta. For the first time, evidence of EBV gene expression has been shown in placental tissues. Furthermore, we have characterized its cytological features, allowing screening of EBV infection through microscopic examination.
Decidua ; Depression ; Epithelial Cells ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Herpesvirus 4, Human* ; Humans* ; Image Cytometry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Mass Screening ; Membranes ; Pathology ; Placenta* ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnant Women ; RNA, Messenger ; Silver ; Stillbirth ; Virus Latency

OBJECTIVETo compare the value of conventional cytology and DNA image cytometry (DNA-ICM) assisted cytology in detection and prognostic assessment of cervical CIN lesions.

METHODS87 women were enrolled in this study. Cervical samples were collected employing cervix brushes which were then washed in Sedfix. After preparing single cell suspensions by mechanical procedure, cell monolayers were prepared by cyto-spinning the cells onto microscope slides. Two slides were prepared from each case: one slide was stained by Papanicolou staining for conventional cytology, another was stained by Feulgen-Thionin method for measurements of the amount of DNA in the cell nuclei using an automated DNA imaging cytometer. Biopsies from the cervical lesions were also taken for histopathology and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSOf the total of 20 ASCUS cases called by conventional cytology, no CIN, nor greater lesions were found. Among the 20 cases, 7 cases did not show any cells with DNA amount greater than 5c, while CIN2 lesions were found in 11 of other 13 cases that had some aneuploid cells with DNA amount greater than 5c. Of 30 LSIL cases called by conventional cytology, CIN2 lesions were detected in 3 out of 7 cases that did not contain any aneuploid cells with DNA greater than 5c, but in 22 out of the other 23 cases that contained aneuploid cells with DNA amount greater than > 5c. Of the remaining 7 cases called HSIL by conventional cytology, all case contained aneuploid cells containing DNA greater than 5c. If cytology was used to refer all cases of LSIL and HSIL to colposcopy procedure to detect potential CIN2 or greater lesions, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 58.2%, 84.4%, 86.5% and 54.0%, respectively. If DNA-ICM were used and all cases having 3 or more cells with a DNA amount greater than 5c were assessed to be referred to pathology to detect potential CIN2 or greater lesions, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive were 72.7% , 87.5%, 90.9% and 65.1%, respectively. We also compared Ki67 positive cells in these samples and found that DNA-ICM results were comparable to this biomarker method.

CONCLUSIONThe study demonstrated that DNA-ICM approach can be successfully used to detect significant (i.e. CIN2 or greater) lesions, and also provide a prognostic assessment of CIN lesions.

Aneuploidy ; Cell Nucleus ; metabolism ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; diagnosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA, Neoplasm ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Image Cytometry ; methods ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ki-67 Antigen ; analysis ; Prognosis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate efficacy of sputum imaging cytometry in early diagnosis on lung cancer among tin miners exposed to dust and analyze possible risk factors related to lung cancer among tin miners.

METHODSFrom a cohort of tin miners in Guangxi Province, a total of 345 male tin miners higher than 45 years old and with high exposure to crystalline silica dust were randomly selected as the objects. Imaging cytometry was used to implement the sputum analysis for the screening on lung cancer according to the experience diagnostic standard. All objects were then followed up to the end of 2006. Clinical diagnosis of lung cancer was used as the golden standard to evaluate the efficacy of screening.

RESULTSFrom 1998 to 2006, 11 new cases were diagnosed as clinical lung cancer. Except of age and exposure to occupational hazards, smoking status (P = 0.0384) and mean smoking dose (P = 0.0078) were significantly associated with lung cancer, and the adjusted odds ratio of high level to the low was 18.21 (2.15 approximately 154.39). The sensitivity, specificity and Youden's index of the sputum imaging cytometry for the experience diagnosis were 27.3%, 83.9% and 11.2% respectively. According to the ROC curve analysis, area under ROC Curve (AUC) of C2.5 (the percentage when the DNA index ranged from 1.25 to 2.50) was 0.647 (0.525 approximately 0.768), with the optimal operating point (OOP) of 1.70%. Sensitivity, specificity, agreement rate, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and Youden's index for predicting lung cancers in high-exposure tin miners were found to be 72.7%, 62.3%, 62.6%, 6.0%, 98.6% and 35.0% respectively.

CONCLUSIONSmoking is confirmed as an important risk factor of lung cancer in tin miners. The diagnostic efficiency can be improved if the diagnostic point of C2.5 is adjusted to 1.70%.

Aged ; China ; Cohort Studies ; Dust ; Humans ; Image Cytometry ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; etiology ; pathology ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Mining ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Risk Factors ; Sampling Studies ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Sputum ; cytology ; Tin

PURPOSE: The authors investigated the process of endochondral ossification quantitatively and objectively in respect to proliferation and apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fractures were made on the left tibiae of 72 male Sprague-Dawley rats. The fracture callus was harvested at the 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th, 14th, and the 21st day after fracture. Cellular DNA content was analyzed with image cytometry, and proliferative index was determined from the data. The Ki-67 antigen expression was semiquantitatively measured by the immunohisto-chemical method. TUNEL was used for in situ localization of apoptotic cells. The expression of cell cycle inhibitors, P21 and P27, was investigated with Northern blotting. RESULTS: The proliferation index was highest on the 5th day, then gradually decreased until the 11th day. The expression of Ki-67 antigen gradually decreased with time. Apoptotic cells increased in accordance with enhanced bone formation within chondroid callus. The expression of p21 and p27 was highest on the 11th and the 14th day. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that proliferative activity decreased with the reduction of mesenchymal tissue and the appearance of mature chondroid tissue. The apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes occurred in accordance with enhanced bone formation. P21 and P27 had a certain role in the differentiation of chondrocytes.
Apoptosis* ; Blotting, Northern ; Bony Callus ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation* ; Chondrocytes ; DNA ; Fracture Healing* ; Humans ; Image Cytometry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Ki-67 Antigen ; Male ; Osteogenesis ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tibia