No abstract available.
Aspirin* ; Epithelial Cells*

BACKGROUND: Succinylcholine is metabolized by plasma cholinesterase (PChE). When it was pretreated by small doses of nondepolarizing muscle relaxants in order to minimize the side effects, there are evidences to be associated with alteration in the duration of action. This study is investigated whether the responses would be related to the enzymatic activities. METHODS: In 21 adult patients, ASA class I or II, PChE levels were measured by the modified Garry method after induction of anesthesia (control value) and at 3, 10, 20 and 30 min following administration of pancuronium 0.1 mg/kg, vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg and atracurium 0.5 mg/kg. Data were expressed as mean (SEM). RESULTS: The levels of PChE were significantly lower (p<0.05) than the control values at 3, 10, 20 and 30 min after given pancuronium as 4764 (270), 4777 (261), 4796 (306) and 4740 (332) IU/L respectively and after given vecuronium as 5004 (341), 5051 (329), 4969 (340) and 4960 (340) IU/L respectively whereas enzyme levels after given atracurium were not significant differences to compare the control values as 5153 (336), 5136 (320) 5124 (312) and 5151 (275) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of present study show that both pancuronium and vecuronium may possibly inhibit PChE activity but this was not affected by atracurium.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Atracurium* ; Cholinesterases* ; Humans ; Pancuronium* ; Plasma* ; Succinylcholine ; Vecuronium Bromide*

OBJECTIVES: From February 1995 to April 1998, those patients who had visited for evaluation of infertility, shown abnormal endometrial pattern on hysterosalpingography underwent resectoscopic operation. We evaluated about its therapeutic effect, recurrence rate of uterine adhesion and effectiveness of its assisted method. METHOD: We have reviewed 45 cases of intrauterine adhesion, classified as a central type, marginal type and multiple type. We used 26F resectoscope made in Storz for operation and inserted Lippes loop or pediatric foley catheter for prevention of readhesion. For promoting reepithelialization, conjugated estrogens(premarin) 5mg daily for 30 - 50 days were given and then 10mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate(provera) were added daily for the last 10 days. We evaluated the uterine cavity condition preoperatively and postoperatively by using hysterosalpingography. RESULT: In 45 cases, 41 cases were followed up postoperatively. 21 cases were markedly improved, 12 cases were improved and 8 cases were not improved or recurred on hysterosalpingography. In 41 cases, for prevention of readhesion 20 cases were used pediatric foley catheter and 5 cases(25%) were recurred. 21 cases were used Lippes loop and 3 cases(14%) were recurred. Pregnancy outcome was as follows;15 cases were pregnant and 10 cases delivered a viable infant, 3 cases aborted spontaneously, 1 case was ectopic pregnancy and laparoscopic salpingectomy was done, 1 case was ongoing pregnancy. CONCLUSION: This report suggests that resectoscopic operation is very effective in the treatment of intrauterine adhesion(therapeutic rate of 81%) and that the use of Lippes loop seems like to have the less recurrence rate than the use of pediatric foley catheter in prevention of postoperative readhesion, but more experience and further follow-up are necessary to obtain more detailed conclusions.
Catheters ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hysterosalpingography ; Infant ; Infertility ; Medroxyprogesterone ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Recurrence ; Salpingectomy

Human clonorchias is a major parasitic infection and estimated about 1.4 million people to be infected with this parasite in Korea now. Clonorchiasis is a chronic disease debilitating inhabitants and threatening their health in endemic areas. Early diagnosis and treatment of clonorchis-infections are crucial. As a standard diagnostic method, the microscopic stool examination and identification of the egg has been employed. Nowadays needs are serodiagnostic kits of more rapid, simple and convenient formats. Serodiagnostic methods using antigenic proteins, in crude or molecularly defined forms, of Clonorchis sinensis could be alternatives for diagnosis of C. sinensis-infections. Serodiagnostic methods could be employed for large scale diagnosis to screen out infected with stress on false negatives of light worm-burden cases. To alleviate these obstacles, antigenic proteins of high specificity and moderate sensitivity have been identified and available in molecularly defined forms. Recently, a rapid diagnostic test was developed for serodiagnosis of C. sinensis-infections. Multiple antigen mixtures are expected to be formulated using these defined antigenic proteins and to escalate rapid diagnostic tests to those of high specificity and sensitivity for serodiagnosis of C. sinensis-infections.
Chronic Disease ; Clonorchiasis ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Korea ; Light ; Ovum ; Parasites ; Proteins ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Serologic Tests

This experiment was performed to study the morphological responses of the thymic cortex of the mice after administration of BCG. Healthy adult mice weighing 25gm each were divided into normal and experimental groups. BCG[0.03X108-0.32X108 CFU] were injected subcutaneously to the animals every other day, and animals were sacrificed at 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks and 8 weeks following the first injection. Thymus were removed immediately after sacrifice and transferred to cold phosphate buffered 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde solution[pH 7.3], and cut into small pieces. Tissue samples were fixed for 2-3 hours in the same fixative, postfixed with phosphate buffered 1% osmium tetroxide solution[pH 7.3], dehydrated in a graded series of alcohol, and embedded in araldite mixture. Ultrathin sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were observed with a JEM 100CX-II electron microscope. The observed results were as follow : 1. In the early BCG treated groups, a few eosinophile leucocytes were observed, but more eosinophils were observed in later groups. Some elongated and bar-shaped lysosomes with eletron lucent gap were often obserced in the macrophages. 2. Cortical population of thymocytes in the thymus were reduced, whereas territoris of the epithelial reticular cells were expanded especially in 2 weeks and 8 weeks groups. Some portion of the thymic cortex exhibited large intercellular spaces, and a few nuclear bodies filled with materials of medium density were observed in the epithelial reticular cells. 3. In the 8 weeks groups, macrophages, plasma cells and eosinopile leucocytes and developing eosinophile leucocytes were often observed in the thymic cortex. Distended cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticula and newly forming prosecretory granulses in the Golgi complex were ovserved in som plasma cells. From the above results, it was suggested that repeated treatment with BCG could induce disturb the maturation and differentiation of the T lymphocytes. In turn, BCG, if repeatedly injected, may disturb the immunological medchanism.
Adult ; Animals ; Citric Acid ; Eosinophils ; Extracellular Space ; Golgi Apparatus ; Humans ; Lysosomes ; Macrophages ; Mice* ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Osmium Tetroxide ; Plasma Cells ; T-Lymphocytes ; Thymocytes ; Thymus Gland

BACKGROUND: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) can detect many more microorganisms of a microbiome than traditional methods. This study aimed to analyze the vaginal microbiomes of Korean women by using NGS that included bacteria and other microorganisms. The NGS results were compared with the results of other assays, and NGS was evaluated for its feasibility for predicting vaginitis. METHODS: In total, 89 vaginal swab specimens were collected. Microscopic examinations of Gram staining and microbiological cultures were conducted on 67 specimens. NGS was performed with GS junior system on all of the vaginal specimens for the 16S rRNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and Tvk genes to detect bacteria, fungi, and Trichomonas vaginalis. In addition, DNA probe assays of the Candida spp., Gardnerella vaginalis, and Trichomonas vaginalis were performed. Various predictors of diversity that were obtained from the NGS data were analyzed to predict vaginitis. RESULTS: ITS sequences were obtained in most of the specimens (56.2%). The compositions of the intermediate and vaginitis Nugent score groups were similar to each other but differed from the composition of the normal score group. The fraction of the Lactobacillus spp. showed the highest area under the curve value (0.8559) in ROC curve analysis. The NGS and DNA probe assay results showed good agreement (range, 86.2-89.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Fungi as well as bacteria should be considered for the investigation of vaginal microbiome. The intermediate and vaginitis Nugent score groups were indistinguishable in NGS. NGS is a promising diagnostic tool of the vaginal microbiome and vaginitis, although some problems need to be resolved.
Area Under Curve ; Bacteria/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Candida/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Female ; Fungal Proteins/genetics ; Gardnerella vaginalis/genetics/isolation & purification ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; *Microbiota ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; ROC Curve ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Trichomonas vaginalis/genetics/isolation & purification ; Vagina/*microbiology ; Vaginitis/*diagnosis/microbiology

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare ESD only and subsequent Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) patients for EGC through propensity score matching analysis. METHODS: This study was a retrospective review of the records of 46 consecutive patients with gastric cancer who underwent LAG after ESD from 2009, September to 2014, September, and propensity matching analysis was performed with 92 patients who underwent LAG without ESD as a control group. Subgroup analysis was performed with the interval of subsequent laparoscopic gastrectomy and endoscopic resection (within 2 weeks, 2~4 weeks, above 4 weeks). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, gender, body mass index, comorbidity, previous abdominal surgery, and location of the lesion or clinical stage between the two groups. Early postoperative outcomes including postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay were not significantly different between the two groups. According to subgroup analysis with the interval of laparoscopic gastrectomy and endoscopic resection, there were no significant differences in early outcomes in three groups. However, only early postoperative complication rate was significantly higher in patients who received LAG more than 4 weeks after ESD (0 versus 4.76 versus 40 per cent; p=0.0032). CONCLUSION: We analyzed the influence of ESD on subsequent LAG using propensity score matching to reduce the bias. However, we found that ESD might induce inflammation for a significant duration, but ESD had little influence on early postoperative outcome of LAG.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Body Mass Index ; Comorbidity ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Length of Stay ; Postoperative Complications ; Propensity Score ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate mivacurium in the pharmacokinetics of onset and offset. METHODS: In 127 adult patients of ASA physical status I or II without any factors involving the neuromuscular function under general anesthesia, onset time (lag and manifest time) and clinical duration were measured after bolus or divided doses of ED95 x 2 of succinylcholine (SCC), rocuronium (ROC), atracurium (ATR), mivacurium (MIV), pancuronium (PAN) or vecuronium (VEC). Recovery time was defined as the recovery index and total duration measured after subsequent ED95 of MIV at 25% recovery of control twitch height from neuromuscular block induced by ED95 x 2 of ATR, MIV, PAN or VEC. Plasma cholinesterase (PChE) levels were measured following PAN or ATR. RESULTS: Onset time was faster with SCC and ROC, the low potency drugs, than with ATR, MIV, PAN or VEC, the high potent drugs. Manifest time was shorter in low potency drugs but longer in high potency drugs than lag time after bolus or divided doses of muscle relaxants given. Divided doses of various drugs induced a shortened onset time, but the patterns of relationship between lag and manifest time associated with drug potency did not alter. The recovery times with administered MIV were slowest after PAN pretreatment, and fastest after MIV pretreatment. PChE levels decreased significantly from 3 min to over 180 min after PAN administeration but not ATR. CONCLUSIONS: The onset time of MIV was not improved due to high drug potency as other nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers. However, in spite of high potency, the recovery time of MIV was faster than other drugs. This results may be depend upon PChE activity rather than drug potency. Additionally, the prolonged recovery of MIV was not only under the influence of low PChE activity but also other some factors such as: the first relaxants administered before MIV dominated the neuromuscular block so that the duration of MIV given subsequently changed to resemble that of the first. The longer elimination half-life of the underlying relaxant prolonged the effects of subsequentshorter acting MIV. Structural similarities or dis-similarities between the interacting MIV and other drugs may have effects more potent in dis-similarity than in similarity.
Adult ; Anesthesia, General ; Atracurium ; Cholinesterases ; Half-Life ; Humans ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ; Pancuronium ; Pharmacokinetics* ; Plasma ; Succinylcholine ; Vecuronium Bromide

Clonorchis sinensis habitating in the bile duct of mammals causes clonorchiasis endemic in East Asian countries. Parkin is a RING-between-RING protein and has E3-ubiquitin ligase activity catalyzing ubiquitination and degradation of substrate proteins. A cDNA clone of C. sinensis was predicted to encode a polypeptide homologous to parkin (CsParkin) including 5 domains (Ubl, RING0, RING1, IBR, and RING2). The cysteine and histidine residues binding to Zn2+ were all conserved and participated in formation of tertiary structural RINGs. Conserved residues were also an E2-binding site in RING1 domain and a catalytic cysteine residue in the RING2 domain. Native CsParkin was determined to have an estimated molecular weight of 45.7 kDa from C. sinensis adults by immunoblotting. CsParkin revealed E3-ubiquitin ligase activity and higher expression in metacercariae than in adults. CsParkin was localized in the locomotive and male reproductive organs of C. sinensis adults, and extensively in metacercariae. Parkin has been found to participate in regulating mitochondrial function and energy metabolism in mammalian cells. From these results, it is suggested that CsParkin play roles in energy metabolism of the locomotive organs, and possibly in protein metabolism of the reproductive organs of C. sinensis.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Clonorchis sinensis/*enzymology ; Cluster Analysis ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Energy Metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Weight ; Phylogeny ; Protein Conformation ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism

Clonorchis sinensis habitating in the bile duct of mammals causes clonorchiasis endemic in East Asian countries. Parkin is a RING-between-RING protein and has E3-ubiquitin ligase activity catalyzing ubiquitination and degradation of substrate proteins. A cDNA clone of C. sinensis was predicted to encode a polypeptide homologous to parkin (CsParkin) including 5 domains (Ubl, RING0, RING1, IBR, and RING2). The cysteine and histidine residues binding to Zn2+ were all conserved and participated in formation of tertiary structural RINGs. Conserved residues were also an E2-binding site in RING1 domain and a catalytic cysteine residue in the RING2 domain. Native CsParkin was determined to have an estimated molecular weight of 45.7 kDa from C. sinensis adults by immunoblotting. CsParkin revealed E3-ubiquitin ligase activity and higher expression in metacercariae than in adults. CsParkin was localized in the locomotive and male reproductive organs of C. sinensis adults, and extensively in metacercariae. Parkin has been found to participate in regulating mitochondrial function and energy metabolism in mammalian cells. From these results, it is suggested that CsParkin play roles in energy metabolism of the locomotive organs, and possibly in protein metabolism of the reproductive organs of C. sinensis.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Clonorchis sinensis/*enzymology ; Cluster Analysis ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Energy Metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Weight ; Phylogeny ; Protein Conformation ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism