No abstract available.
Animals ; Lymph Nodes* ; Mice* ; Spleen*

No abstract available.
Tetany*

Both idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and pulmonary involvement of collagen vascular disease(CVD) are well known cause of diffuse interstitial lung disease which lead to fibrosis and honeycombing. We analyzed HRCT findings of 33 patients with IPF and 14 patients with CVD in terms of predominant pattern, site of involvement, mediastinal lymph node enlargement, pleural change and pulmonary volume loss. Criteria of mediastinal lymph node enlargement and pleural thickening were 15mm in long diameter and 3mm, respectively. Volume loss of the lung was measured by using hilar height ratio (apex to hilum/hilum to diaphragmatic dome). Mean age was 61 years for IPF and 46 years for CVD and male: female ratio was 27:6, 4:10, respectively. Predominant HRCT pattern was honeycombing for IPF (63%), and ground-glass opacity for CVD (66%) (p=0.001). Predominantly, subpleural involvement was seen in 90% for IPF and 74% for CVD. Mediastinal lymph node enlargement was seen in 47% of the patient with IPF and 14% with CVD (p=0.004). pleural thickening was seen in 97% of the patients with IPF and 42% with CVD (P=0.002), Pleural effusion was seen in 10% of the patients with IPF and 36% with CVD (P=0.009). Hilar height ratio of more than 1.5 was seen in 84% of the patients with IPF and 29% with CVD. In conclusion, our study shows that patients with IPF are prone to have more progressed stage of pulmonary fibrosis than the patients with CVD on HRCT.
Collagen* ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis* ; Lung ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Pleural Effusion ; Pulmonary Fibrosis

The first ray, including the hallux and first metatarsal, has historically been the most common location of congenital and functionally acquired deformities of the lower extremity. It has been the subject of extensive historical review and study as an untold number of authors and surgeons have directed their talents toward the comprehension and correction of the condition. But, few reports have been made on that subject in Korean population. So, we made a clinical and radilogical study of the hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and hallux valgus in 200 Korean population. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean value of HVA was 14.8°±4.6° in male and 17.6°±5.4°in female. The mean value of HVA of the hallux valgus patient was 33° 2. The mesn value of IMA was 8.6°±1.9°in male and 10.2°±2.2°in female. The mean value of IMA of the hallux valgus patient was 14° 3. The incidence of hallux valgus was 11% in male, 37% in female and female was 77% of all hallux vslgus patient. 4. The family history of hallux valgus was found in 63% and 94% of patients has bilateral involvement. 5. The most common chief complaint was pain over the medial side of the first MP joint or base of the other metatarsal bone. Symptoms were not correlated with angle value. 6. In the first MP joint of hallux valgus by Piggott, the deviated joint was most common (52%). 7. In the three basic MP joint types by Haas, the round metatarsal head was most common. 8. DASA was ranged from 0°to 7°in normal persons and from 2°to 16°in hallux valgus patients. 9. PASA was ranged from 1°to 9°in normsl persons and from 3°to 35°in hallux valgus patient. 10. The tibial sesamoid displacement more than grade 4 by Haas rating system was found 63% of hallux valgus patients.
Aptitude ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Comprehension ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Hallux Valgus ; Hallux ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Metatarsal Bones ; Surgeons

OBJECTIVE: To define the anatomy of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LABCN) and the cephalic vein (CV) in the anterior forearm region of living humans using ultrasonography for preventing LABCN injury during cephalic venipuncture. METHODS: Thirty forearms of 15 healthy volunteers were evaluated using ultrasonography to identify the point where the LABCN begins to contact with the CV, and the point where the LABCN separates from the CV. The LABCN pathway in the forearm in relation to a nerve conduction study was also evaluated. RESULTS: The LABCNs came in contact with the CV at a mean of 0.6±1.6 cm distal to the elbow crease, and separated from the CV at a mean of 7.0±3.4 cm distal to the elbow crease. The mean distance between the conventionally used recording points (point R) for the LABCN conduction study and the actual sonographic measured LABCN was 2.4±2.4 mm. LABCN usually presented laterally at the point R (83.3%). CONCLUSION: The LABCN had close proximity to the CV in the proximal first quarter of the forearm. Cephalic venipuncture in this area should be avoided, and performed with caution if needed.
Elbow ; Forearm ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Neural Conduction ; Phlebotomy ; Ultrasonography ; Veins*

The increase in size of lymph node on Ct scan is the single most important finding of lymphadenopathy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the size of mediastinal lymph nodes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with no evidence of malignancy or current infection. CT scans of 70 patients (16 with conventional CT and 54 with high-resolution CT) were assessed for lymph node size and locations. The duration of symptoms, and the extent and patterns of the parenchymal lung disease on CT scans were correlated with lymph node enlargement. In 54 of 70 patients, more than one lymph nodes were larger than 1-1.5cm. The prevalence of mnode enlargement increased significantly with a longer duration of symptom (p=0.001), larger extent of the disease (p=0.043), and with a greater proportion of honeycomb pattern (p=0.0344). Right paratracheal, subcarinal, right tracheobronchial, and paraesophageal nodes were the most common sites of nodes enlargement. In conclusion, mediastinal lymph node enlargement is common in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and is more frequently seen in patients with a longer duration of clinical symptoms, greater extent of the disease, and with a larger proportion of honeycomb pattern.
Humans ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis* ; Lung Diseases ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Prevalence ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

The knowledge of arterial patterns of donor and recipient sites is very important for performing a flap surgery. In order to perform a flap surgery using the rectus abdominis muscle knowledge of the distributions, tributaries, and anastomoses of the inferior epigastric artery is necessary. The aim of this study was to establish the clinical and anatomical characteristics of the inferior epigastric artery for flap surgery in Koreans. Sixteen fresh cadavers were injected bilaterally with a radiopaque dye solution through the brachial and popliteal arteries, radiographic images were obtained after the anterior abdominal wall was removed surgically. Subsequently, the anterior abdominal walls of the cadavers were dissected and measured by using metric and non-metric methods. In a majority of the cadavers (83.9%), the inferior epigastric artery had only one main stem. Between the umbilicus and the xiphoid process, the most common type of the anastomosis was multiple anastomoses (Type IV, in 32.1% of the cases), followed by no anastomosis (Type I) and single anastomosis (Type II) in 25% of the cases, respectively. The intramuscular branch of the inferior epigastric artery originated from below the umbilicus in 60.7% of the cases and above it in 39.3% of the cases. The peritoneal branch was further divided into 3 types: lateral, medial, and umbilical. One of them coexisted with other branch of specimen. The peritoneal branch commonly originated from the intramuscu-lar branch. The perforating branch, with an external diameter of greater than 0.5 mm, was clinically significant, was dis-tributed around the umbilicus. The number of arterial branches directly perforating the rectus abdominis muscle was greater than that of those traveling anteriorly. The results of this study may enhance the anatomical knowledge of clinicians with respect to flap surgery or surgical treatments involving the anterior abdominal wall.
Abdominal Wall ; Cadaver ; Epigastric Arteries ; Humans ; Muscles ; Popliteal Artery ; Rectus Abdominis ; Tissue Donors ; Umbilicus

Susceptibilities of 5 different mice strains, including C3H/HeN, BALB/c, C57BL6, FvB and ICR, to Echinostoma hortense infection, was evaluated. The worm expulsion rate, worm size and egg production were observed from 1 to 8 weeks after infection with 30 metacercariae. C3H/HeN and ICR mice showed the highest worm maturation rates. The worm recovery rate and the number of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces was also higher in C3H/HeN and ICR mice than in BALB/c, C57BL6, and FvB mice. It is suggested that E. hortense is highly infectious to ICR and C3H/HeN mice, but not to the other strains of mice. Based on the results obtained, we believe that the susceptibility of different mouse strains to E. hortense infection is dependent on the genetic and immunologic background of mice.
Animals ; Echinostoma/*growth & development ; Echinostomiasis/genetics/*parasitology ; Feces/parasitology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Intestines/parasitology ; Mice/*parasitology ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Parasite Egg Count