Subtalar dislocation of the foot is one in which there is simultaneous dislocation of the talonavicular joint and talocalcaneal joint while the tibiotalar relationship is unchanged. It was described first by Judey and Defourest in 1811. It incidence was 1% to 1.3% of all dislocations and 15% of injuries of the talus. We have experienced one case of a medial subtalar dislocation without fracture. In our case which was followed for 14 months, the head of the talus was palpable on the dorsum of the foot and the heel was displaced medially in relation to the leg. Radiographically, on the lateral view, the head of the talus was shown superior to the navicular and on the A-P view, the normal talonavicular relationship was disturbed with the calcaneus being displaced medially. The closed reduction was carried out successfully.
Calcaneus ; Dislocations ; Foot ; Head ; Heel ; Incidence ; Joints ; Leg ; Subtalar Joint ; Talus

No abstract available in English.
Femur ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary

PURPOSE: Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is a new surgical option using endoscopic advancement to the peritoneal cavity through the stomach, colon, vagina, or urinary bladder without an abdominal wall scar (incision). The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of transgastric gastroscopic intra-abdominal exploration with gastric incision and closure before the NOTES would be done. METHODS: Under general anesthesia of a female dog, one-channel gastroscope was advanced to the stomach and the lumen was irrigated with anti-bacterial solution. The anterior wall of the antrum was incised by about 1 cm with a needle knife; then, the gastroscope was advanced into the peritoneal cavity. An exploration of the entire intra-abdominal cavity was performed. RESULTS: We were able to evaluate the stomach, the greater omentum, the diaphragm, the peritoneum, the urinary bladder, the bowel, the spleen, the liver, the gallbladder, the uterine horn, the uterine body, and the vagina, but could not evaluate the ovary, the kidney, and the pancreas. The observation of the abdominal cavity was followed by the gastric wall closure with a 135o endoclip. The dog was recovered after confirmation of secure closure of the incision site. CONCLUSIONS: Transgastric incision, closure, and abdominal exploration are feasible without an abdominal wall scar, and the NOTES can be one option for future abdominal operations in humans and needs to be further investigated.
Abdominal Cavity ; Abdominal Wall ; Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Cicatrix ; Colon ; Diaphragm ; Dogs* ; Female* ; Gallbladder ; Gastroscopes ; Horns ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery ; Needles ; Omentum ; Ovary ; Pancreas ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Peritoneum ; Spleen ; Stomach ; Urinary Bladder ; Vagina

No abstract available.
Arthritis, Infectious* ; Knee*

The uterine cervical cancer is the rnost common tumor of malignant gynecologic tumors and complete remission of the cancer has been possible through early diagnosis and treatment. To evaluate the efficacy of tumor markers SCCA and CEA in patients with uterine cervical cancer as markers for monitoring, we analyzed serum SCCA and CEA crncentrations of 43 patients wit.h uterine cervical caner as a study group and 73 patients with benign pelvic disease as a contrnl group, were admitted to depar tment of Obstetncs & Gynecology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University from May 1991 to January 1993. The results were as follows ; 1. The distrihution of the clinical stages of 43 cervical cancers were : CIS 9, stage I 11, stage II 12, stageg III 5, stage lV 6. 2. The positive rate of SCCA of control group was 17%, and that of CEA nf control group was 12%. And the positive rate of SCCA of study group was 46.5% and that of CEA of study was 27.9%. 3. The average concentration of SCCA of control group was 0.71ng/ml and that of SCCA of study group was 8.25ng/ml(p<0.05). 4. The average concentration of CEA of control group was 1.95ng/ml and that of CEA of study group was 8.33ng/ml(p<.0.05). 5. The average concentration of SCCA by stage were 1.15ng/rnl for C1S, 1.14ng/ml for stage I, 9.72ng/rnl for stage III, 16.75ng/rnl for stage III, 21.95ng/ml for stage IV. Here, the mean value of SCCA was increased stepwise through cliinical stage, there was a correlation between the clinical stage and the concen tration of serum SCCA (p>0.05). 6.The average concentration of CEA by stage were 3.11ng/ml for CIS, 1.96ng/ml for stage I, 8.11ng/rnl for stage II, 18.92ng/ml for stage III, 19.44ng/ml for stage IV. There was not a correlation between the clinical stage and the concentration of serm CEA. 7. When the cervical cancer was divided by histologic subtypes, the average concentration of SCCA in squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix was 11.86ng/ml and the positive rate of SCCA in squamous cell carcinoma was 53.6%(9.46ng/ml & 58.8% in large keratinizing cell type, 15.56ng/ml & 45.5% in large nonkeratinizing cell type). And the average concentration of SCCA in adenocarcinoma was 1.32ng/ml positive rate was 40.0%. The tumor marker SCCA was more sensitive to squamous cell carcinoma rather than adenocarcinoma. 8. The sensitivities of SCCA in preinvasive cancer and invasive cancer were 22.2% and 52.9%, respectively. The average concentration of SCCA in invasive cancer was 10.04ng/ml and was more significantly elevated than of SCCA in preinvasive cancer. 9. Using SCCA & CEA together as markers for monitoring, the positive rate significantly incresaed to 70.6%(p<0.05). But measuring the two tumor marker alone, that not significantly increased. 10) . The diagnostic efficacy of SCCA in cervical cancer was 59.0%, that was higher as compaired with that of CEA. These results suggest that the serum concentration of SCCA is significantly increased stepwise by clinical stage and concomitant measurements of serum SCCA & CEA are more useful in diagnosis of cervical cancer. However measurements of SCCA and/or CEA have little efficacy in the detection of early cervical cancer considering it's low rate of positivity in early cervical cancer. We will evaluate the efficacy of two tumor markers in determining prognosis, therapeutic response and early detection of recurrence for the posttreatment patients in the future.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cervix Uteri ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators ; Biomarkers, Tumor* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Spondylolisthesis*

We reviewed our medical records of primary retnal detachment(239 patients, 243 eyes) to compare the clincal findings of phakic retinal detachment(206 eyes) and pseudophakic retinal detachment(37 eyes). Pseudophakic retinal detachment was more common in male(73.0%) than in female(27.0%) and occurred more frequently in aged 60 years or more than phakic retinal detachment(10.4%)(P<0.001). Associated ocular finding such as high myopia(35.0%), peripheral retinal degeneration(23.3%0, retinal tear in fellow eye(5.8%) were more commonly seen in phakic retinal retinal detachment. Rupture of posterior capsule(40.5%), high myopia(18.9%), small pupil(13.5%) were associate with pseudophakic retinal detachment. In pseudophakic retinal detachment, more than 3 quadrant retinal detachment(73.0%) and macular involvement(78.4%) were more common than in phakic retinal detachment(P<0.01), but atropic hole(29.7%), or 2 or more retinal break(10.8%) were less common than in phakic retinal detachment(P<0.01) where the success rate of first operation(59.5%) and the overall success rate(81.1%) were lower in paeudophakic retinal detachment than phakic retinal detachment. The degree of visual recovery was nearly equal between two.
Humans ; Medical Records ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde* ; Rupture

It is well known that differentiation and growth of central nervous system are accomplished through relatively early stages of development. The formation of neural synapse indicates beginning of electrical signaling between neurons, so that may be a critical step in the differentiation of neurons as well as the development and growth of central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differential expression levels and patterns of synaptic marker (synaptophysin) between superficial and deep layers of cerebral cortex according to the developmental stages. We introduced immunofluorescence staining of synaptophysin combined with densitometric analysis for the morphological quantification. The intensities of synaptophysin immuno-reactivities in deep layers of cerebral cortices were significantly higher compared to superficial layers in cerebral cortices of embryonic and neonatal mice. The significant increase of synaptophysin expression in the deep layer of cerebral cortex was mainly confined to the embryonic stage. As the expression of synaptophysin gradually decrease thereafter, the difference of expression level between superficial and deep layers could not find in the adult mice. From this study, we could confirm indirectly through synaptophysin that synaptogenic activities in the deep layer of cerebral cortex shows unique pattern especially during the early stages of brain development. Results from this study will be helpful for understanding different patterns of synaptogenesis among the various regions of developing brain.
Adult ; Animals ; Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebral Cortex ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Mice ; Neurons ; Synapses ; Synaptophysin

It is well known that differentiation and growth of central nervous system are accomplished through relatively early stages of development. The formation of neural synapse indicates beginning of electrical signaling between neurons, so that may be a critical step in the differentiation of neurons as well as the development and growth of central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differential expression levels and patterns of synaptic marker (synaptophysin) between superficial and deep layers of cerebral cortex according to the developmental stages. We introduced immunofluorescence staining of synaptophysin combined with densitometric analysis for the morphological quantification. The intensities of synaptophysin immuno-reactivities in deep layers of cerebral cortices were significantly higher compared to superficial layers in cerebral cortices of embryonic and neonatal mice. The significant increase of synaptophysin expression in the deep layer of cerebral cortex was mainly confined to the embryonic stage. As the expression of synaptophysin gradually decrease thereafter, the difference of expression level between superficial and deep layers could not find in the adult mice. From this study, we could confirm indirectly through synaptophysin that synaptogenic activities in the deep layer of cerebral cortex shows unique pattern especially during the early stages of brain development. Results from this study will be helpful for understanding different patterns of synaptogenesis among the various regions of developing brain.
Adult ; Animals ; Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebral Cortex ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Mice ; Neurons ; Synapses ; Synaptophysin

No abstract available.
Femur* ; Humans