This study was carried out for the evaluation on the sociomedical characteristics of 1,580 cases who had received vasectomy and laparoscopic sterilization at the Busan Family Planning Clinic from January 1978 to December 1978. The results obtained were as follows : 1. In age distribution, the most predominant age group consisted of 30.34 years as 44.7%. In regional distribution, the most predominant region was Youngdo ku in the vasectomy group and Dong Ku in the laparoscopic sterilization group. 2. The educational level showed that the high school graduates(49.2%) in the vasectomy group and the primary school graduates(47.0%) in the laparoscopic sterilization group were the highest each other. 3. The most predominant experienced contraceptive method before accepted permanent sterilization operation was oral pills and non-experienced contraceptive method group was 54.1% of the total. 4. By the span of marital life before accepted permanent sterilization operation, the 5-9years group was the highest. 5. The average number of living children per family was 2.54 in the vasectomy group and 3.0 in the laparoscopic sterilization group. 6. The average frequency of pregnancy per case was 2 in the vasectomy group and 3 in the laparoscopic sterilization group and the most predominant frequency of induced abortion was 1 per case. 7. The most predominant motive of accepting the sterilization operation were family planning education t the reserve forces training in the vasectomy group and at the mother's club in the laparoscopic sterilization group. 8. By the residing status of the cases, rented room was the highest as 69.4%.
Abortion, Induced ; Age Distribution ; Busan* ; Child ; Contraception ; Family Planning Services ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Sex Education ; Sterilization* ; Vasectomy

Tuberculous lymphadenitis is easily mistaken for an infection by only mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, many cases reveal atypical mycobacterium. Treatment of atypical mycobacterium differs from that of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. Usual anti-tuberculous medication is the response to M. tuberculosis and M. bovis, but not to atypical mycobacterium. Excision and antibiotic therapy is the known treatment of choice for atypical mycobacterium. We used the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) for differential diagnosis of tuberculosis from lymphadenitis, and by using PCR we were able to differentiate the infecting organism as typical or atypical mycobacterium. We excised 50 case of cervical lymphadenitis, and PCR was done with Primer I(IS6110), which is specific for M. tuberculosis and M. bovis, and with Primer II(65 KDa Ag), which covers all mycobacterium species. The results obtained by PCR were compared with the pathologic results(control): sensitivity 81.8%, specificity 88.9%, false positive ratio 11.1%, false negative ratio 18.2%, typical mycobacterium 45.5%, and atypical mycobacterium 45.5%. These findings suggest that PCR is a good diagnostic tool for the early detection of tuberculous lymphadenitis and for differentiation of mycobacteria in cervical lymphadenitis.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Lymphadenitis ; Mycobacterium ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node*

PURPOSE: The management of the patella in total knee arthroplasty is still controversy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiological results after total knee arthroplasty without patellar resurfacing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospective evaluated the nonresurfaced patella in 50 Knees(45 patients) at an average of 65.5 months after total knee arthroplasty(Duracon (R), Howmedica, Rutherford, NJ). Patients were diagnosed as osteoarthritis in 45 and rheumatoid arthritis in 3 and the others were osteonecrosis and evaluated using the knee society knee score, functional knee score and modified patellar score. RESULTS: The mean preoperative knee society knee score in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis were 58.2 and 36.7 points, and functional score were 35.8 and 34 points. The mean postoperative knee society knee score in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis were 94.5 and 91.2 points, and functional score were 73.2 and 81 points and the mean modified patellar score was 28.5 points, and 26 cases(52%) were excellent(30-35 points), 18 cases(36%) were good(25-29 points) and 6 cases(12%) were fair(20-24 points). There were no patella-associated complications and in 8 cases(16%) of anterior knee pain, which resolved by a postoperative 4.1 months with conservative treatment. CONCLUSION: Total knee arthroplasty with patelloplasty, without patellar resurfacing , provided satisfactory results without significant problems, and can avoid the patellar complications. But long term radiological and clinical follow-up is recommended.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthroplasty* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee* ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteonecrosis ; Patella ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: It has been more than 15 years since infection control was first introduced in Korea, but there is little information available on the status of infection control program in the country. METHODS: Included in the study were 139 acute care hospitals with more than 300 inpatient beds. A questionnaire, modified from US SENIC (Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control) and Canadian RICH (Resources for Infection Control in Canadian Acute Care Hospitals) survey, was mailed to the hospitals in the winter of 2003. RESULTS: Ninety-eight (70.5%) of 139 hospitals responded. There was an average of 1.2 (SD, 0.7) Infection Control Practitioners (lCPs) in each hospital and 95.7% were nurses and only 56.5% of the ICPs worked as full-time. The 71.4% of the hospitals had a position for Infection Control Doctor. All hospitals had an Infection Control Committee, which met an average of 3.7 (SD, 1.7) times a year. The 85.7% of the hospitals performed surveillance, but only 31.6% were monitoring surgical site infections. Review of microbiology data was the most common method for case-finding. More than 90% of the hospitals had infection control policies and guidelines, but an adherence to the policies and guidelines was not monitored regularly. CONCLUSION: This study reports the first comparable profile of infection control program of general acute care hospitals in Korea. Although the foundation for infection control program appears to have been established, there is the need for a further increase in the number of ICPs, the standardization of the surveillance method, and the promotion of adherence to the infection control guidelines.
Cross Infection ; Hospitals, General* ; Humans ; Infection Control Practitioners ; Infection Control* ; Inpatients ; Korea ; Postal Service ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Although the most common pathogen of liver abscess was Escherichia coli in the past, there has been an increasing number of reports on liver abscess caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, especially in Asia and its more frequent occurrence in diabetes mellitus. Our study was to clarify the different clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of K. pneumoniae and non-K. pneumoniae liver abscess in patients with or without diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed medical records of pyogenic liver abscess diagnosed by defined criteria at 7 different tertiary care hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province from January 2000 to December 2003 retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the 248 cases, 86 cases (34.7%) of patients were diabetic. Cryptogenic cause (73.4%) was the most frequent portal of entry in liver abscess and 58 cases (23.4%) were the secondary following biliary disease. There were no differences in portal of entry between DM group and non- DM group. The most common organism was K. pneumoniae (70.2%) followed by E. coli (11.5%) and alpha-hemolytic streptococcus (5.2%). There were no significant differences in causative organism of liver abscess between DM group and non-DM group as K. pneumoniae was dominant pathogen [76.6% in DM group vs 66.2% in non-DM group (P=0.11)]. The metastatic complication occurred in 15 cases (8.6%) and found more frequently in DM group (P=0.042). All of the metastatic abscesses were found in liver abscess caused by K. pneumoniae (P=0.007). Ten patients died and the overall mortality rate was 4.1%. The factors associated with mortality were level of serum creatinine, past history of intra-abdominal surgery and underlying biliary malignancy. CONCLUSION: The most commom pathogen of the pyogenic liver abscess is K. pneumoniae and the metastatic complications are usually found in liver abscess caused by K. pneumoniae, especially more frequently in patients with diabetes than in patients without diabetes.
Abscess ; Asia ; Creatinine ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Escherichia coli ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae* ; Klebsiella* ; Liver Abscess ; Liver Abscess, Pyogenic* ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Pneumonia* ; Prognosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Streptococcus ; Tertiary Healthcare

BACKGROUND: Although the most common pathogen of liver abscess was Escherichia coli in the past, there has been an increasing number of reports on liver abscess caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, especially in Asia and its more frequent occurrence in diabetes mellitus. Our study was to clarify the different clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of K. pneumoniae and non-K. pneumoniae liver abscess in patients with or without diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed medical records of pyogenic liver abscess diagnosed by defined criteria at 7 different tertiary care hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province from January 2000 to December 2003 retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the 248 cases, 86 cases (34.7%) of patients were diabetic. Cryptogenic cause (73.4%) was the most frequent portal of entry in liver abscess and 58 cases (23.4%) were the secondary following biliary disease. There were no differences in portal of entry between DM group and non- DM group. The most common organism was K. pneumoniae (70.2%) followed by E. coli (11.5%) and alpha-hemolytic streptococcus (5.2%). There were no significant differences in causative organism of liver abscess between DM group and non-DM group as K. pneumoniae was dominant pathogen [76.6% in DM group vs 66.2% in non-DM group (P=0.11)]. The metastatic complication occurred in 15 cases (8.6%) and found more frequently in DM group (P=0.042). All of the metastatic abscesses were found in liver abscess caused by K. pneumoniae (P=0.007). Ten patients died and the overall mortality rate was 4.1%. The factors associated with mortality were level of serum creatinine, past history of intra-abdominal surgery and underlying biliary malignancy. CONCLUSION: The most commom pathogen of the pyogenic liver abscess is K. pneumoniae and the metastatic complications are usually found in liver abscess caused by K. pneumoniae, especially more frequently in patients with diabetes than in patients without diabetes.
Abscess ; Asia ; Creatinine ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Escherichia coli ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae* ; Klebsiella* ; Liver Abscess ; Liver Abscess, Pyogenic* ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Pneumonia* ; Prognosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Streptococcus ; Tertiary Healthcare