The purpose of this study was to determine the role of apoptosis in the contact lens-worn cornea and the pathophysiologic influence of the contact lens to the rabbit corneal tissue, We had 4 experimental groups; soft contact-worn, RGP contact-worn, mechanically scraped and ormal control groups. The corneas were prepared for routine H & E staining and apoptosis evaluation. Keratocyte and epithelia cell morphology of the cornea were examined in each group using light microscopy. Nuclear DNA fragmentation was detected with the TUNEL assay for 3`-hydroxy DNA ends. The apoptosis assay demonstrated: (a) both the normal cornea and the contact lens-worn cornea exhibited no apoptosis, (b) silight degree of apoptosis was corneal apoptosis detected n deratocytes of the soft contact lensworn cornea, and (c) the anterior stromal keratocytes were found to be frequently undergoing apoptotic change in the scraped cornea. Theses findings suggest that the possible hypoxia induced by soft contact lens-wearing may have a role in apoptosis of anterior stromal keratocytes. To be clinically significant, we need more evaluations and long term studies of apoptosis in contact lens-worn cornea.
Anoxia ; Apoptosis* ; Cornea* ; DNA ; DNA Fragmentation ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Microscopy

This retrospective study reviewed clinical and electromyographic (EMG) findings in 106 patients with cervical pain syndrome. The purpose of this study was to test the validity of clinical tests (neck compression test, manual muscle test, sensory test, deep tendon reflex) in the diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy. Electromyographic studies were interpretated as positive finding with the presence of abnormal spontaneous activities of limb and paravertebral muscles and the clinical tests were interpretated by the presence or absence of abnormalities. The results showed that the neck compression and manual muscle tests correlated well with the EMG findings but the sensory test and deep tendon reflex were not. It is suggested that the neck compression and manual muscle tests may be helpful in the diagnosis of radiculopathy.
Diagnosis ; Extremities ; Humans ; Muscles ; Neck ; Neck Pain* ; Radiculopathy ; Reflex, Stretch ; Retrospective Studies ; Tendons

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate elementary school teachers' knowledge and perception of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Variables associated with the teacher's tendency to recommend treatment to parents of the ADHD children were also evaluated. Methods: A total of 73 elementary-school teachers completed a self-questionnaire regarding their demographic characteristics, previous experience, and perception of ADHD children. Knowledge of the Attention Deficit Disorders Scale (KADDS) was used to examine the participants' level of knowledge of ADHD. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the variables associated with the participants' tendency to recommend treatment to parents of ADHD students. Results: The average correct rate was 64.4% on the KADDS. 64 (87.7%) participants had a positive perception of medical treatments of ADHD, but only 41 (56.2%) participants reported that they would recommend treatment to parents of ADHD children. Teachers that were older and married were more likely to recommend treatment. The teacher's sense of efficacy was found to have a positive association with the tendency to recommend treatment to parents. Conclusion Educational programs and specific guidelines that can improve the knowledge of ADHD and self-efficacy as a teacher are needed for elementary school teachers. Teachers should understand that they have significant roles in the management of ADHD children.