OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the static (SFF) and kinetic frictional forces (KFF) of a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing lingual bracket (CAD/CAM-LB) with those of conventional LB (Con-LB) and Con-LB with narrow bracket width (Con-LB-NBW) under 3 tooth displacement conditions. METHODS: The samples were divided into 9 groups according to combinations of 3 LB types (CAD/CAM-LB [Incognito], Con-LB [7th Generation, 7G], and Con-LB-NBW [STb]) with 3 displacement conditions (no displacement [control], maxillary right lateral incisor with 1-mm palatal displacement [MXLI-PD], and maxillary right canine with 1-mm gingival displacement [MXC-GD]; n = 6/group). While drawing a 0.016-inch copper or super-elastic nickel-titanium archwire with 0.5 mm/min for 5 minutes in a chamber maintained at 36.5℃, SFF and KFF were measured. The Kruskal-Wallis method with Bonferroni correction was performed. RESULTS: The Incognito group demonstrated the highest SFF, followed by the 7G and STb groups ([STb-control, STb-MXLI-PD, Stb-MXC-GD] < [7G-MXC-GD, 7G-MXLI-PD, 7G-control] < [Incognito-MXLI-PD, Incognito-control, Incognito-MXC-GD]; p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in SFF among the 3 displacement conditions within each bracket group. Within each displacement condition, the Incognito group demonstrated the highest KFF, followed by the 7G and STb groups ([STb-control, STb-MXLI-PD] < Stb-MXC-GD < 7G-MXLI-PD < [7G-control, 7G-MXC-GD] < [7G-MXC-GD, Incognito-MXLI-PD, Incognito-control] < [Incognito-control, Incognito-MXC-GD]; p < 0.001). MXC-GD exhibited higher KFFs than MXLI-PD in the same bracket group. CONCLUSIONS The slot design and ligation method of the CAD/CAM-LB system should be modified to reduce SFF and KFF during the leveling/alignment stage.

No abstract available.
Animals ; Brain* ; Mice* ; RNA, Messenger*

A case of ovarian dermoid cytso-vesical fistulal with the vesical stone containing a cluster of hairs are presented, developed in 32 years old woman who suffered from vesical irritability and pilimiction for recent 5 years.
Adult ; Dermoid Cyst* ; Female ; Fistula* ; Hair ; Humans

A Clinical study was done on 90 cases of acute myocardial infarction admitted to Busan Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital from January, 1977 to Febuary, 1983. The following results have been obtained. 1) The ratio of male to female was 2.2:1. The most age group were 5th decades(35.6%) and over 5th decades(5th decades and 6th decades) were two-thirds of all age group. And annual incidency were increasing tendencies, in 1980-1982 than 1977-1979. 2) Between the preceding diseases and the risk factors, the most common cause was the smoking (60%). And other associated diseases and factors were hypertension(54.4%), hypercholesterolemia (43.8%), hyperlipidemia(51.4%) and angina pectoris (34.4%). 3) The most common inducing factor was physical exertion(33.3%). And others were emotional stress(23.3%), alcohol drinking(10%), rest and sleeping(5.6%). 4) The major symptoms of acute myocardial infarction were precordial or epigastric pain(96.7%), dyspnea(53.3%), radiating chest pain (51.7%) and painless infarction(3.3%). 5) On laboratory data, there were leukocytosis in 50.5% increased SGOT in 68.6%, increased serum LDH in 75.9% and cardiomegaly in chest x-ray film were 82 percents. 6) The ratio between the anterior and inferior infarction on EKG was 1.9:1. 7) When admission, normal sinus rhythms on EKG were 59 percents. And the common associated electrocardiographic abnormalities were ventricular premature beat (23.6%), atrial fibrillation(15.7%), first degree A-V block (15.7%), left ventricular hypertrophy(15.7%). The most common abnormality was ventricular premature beat(23.6%). 8) The mortality rate of acute myocardial infarction was 10 percents. The causes of death were heart failure(33.3%), ventricular arrhythmia(33.3%), sudden death (22.2%) and cardiogenic shock(11.1%).
Angina Pectoris ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Busan ; Cardiac Complexes, Premature ; Cardiomegaly ; Cause of Death ; Chest Pain ; Death, Sudden ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Infarction ; Leukocytosis ; Male ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Protestantism ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Thorax ; X-Ray Film

No abstract available.
Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed*

No abstract available.

The aim of investigation is to calculate the mean value of the acetabular anteversion of normal Korean adult after closure of growth according to different gender and sex age group, to find out any significant difference of the value of acetabular anteversion to some other variables such as age, height, weight and radiographic inclination(abduction angle) of acetabulum. Transverse pelvic computed tomography(CT) scans of 360 right hips with no known pathology were examined. The study population consisted of 12 groups by gender (male and female) and age(from third to eighth decade). The number of each group was thirty. The scanning slice nearest the middle region of the acetabulum (nearest through the center of the femoral head) on the scout film was chosen. A measuring point was assigned at the anterior edge of the acetabulum and second at the posterior edge. The line connecting these points was drawn. The angle formed by this line and the plane sagittal to the pelvis was determined as acetabular anteversion. The data analysis was run on a statistical analysis system(SAS). The mean value of acetabular anteversion 19.8±5.4 degrees(17.1±5.6 in males, 22.2±5.4 in females), it was greater significantly in females than in males (p=0.0001). The mean value of acetabular anteversion in third decade male group than the third, fourth and fifth decade group significantly(p < 0.05). The mean value of acetabular anteversion of Koreans was similar to Caucasians value. The value of acetabular anteversion was relatively releated to age. In conclusion, the acetabular anteversion of Korean females was larger than the Korean males. It was increased with aging. When we perform the total hip arthroplasty and pelvic osteotomy or reorientation procedure, we must consider the acetabular anteversion by different gender and age group.
Acetabulum ; Adult ; Aging ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Osteotomy ; Pathology ; Pelvis ; Statistics as Topic

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG) has been widely used for the prophylaxis of superficial bladder tumor recurrence and for the treatment of bladder carcinoma in situ. More than 95% of patients who receive BCG instillation tolerate the treatment well and side reactions have been reported in less than 5% of patients. Most side effects are minor and self-limiting. However, a rear occurrence of severe systemic reactions have been reported. Among the severe systemic reactions, hypersensitivity pneumonitis should be considered in patients with pneumonic complications after BCG instillation in cases where the culture for mycobacteria is negative in the sputum, brochoalveolar lavage and blood specimen. In addition, a fiberoptic bronchoscopy with transbronchial lung biopsy demonstrates a fibrosis of the alveolar septums, where there is and an increased lymphocyte count without tuberculous inflammatory changes, the and CD4:CD8 ratio is increased and no symptomatic response to antituberculosis chemotherapy is observed. Here we report a 68 years old man with interstitial pneumonitis following intravesical BCG instillation.
Administration, Intravesical* ; Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic ; Bacillus ; Biopsy ; Bronchoscopy ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Drug Therapy ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial* ; Lymphocyte Count ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Recurrence ; Sputum ; Therapeutic Irrigation ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*