No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats*

PURPOSE: Although the process by which intravitreal perfluorocarbon gas is absorbed is incompletely understood, it is known that considerable absorption of intravitreal perfluorocarbon gas occurs through the aqueous humor. The aim of the study was to evaluate experimentally the effect of topical aqueous humor suppressants on the intravitreal perfluorocarbon gas bubble duration. METHODS: After sulfur hexafluoride and perfluoropropane were injected intravitreally in ten rabbits, we measured the time of gas bubble disappearance in eyes treated with topical aqueous humor suppressants and in those not treated. RESULTS: The mean time(+/-SD) to disappearance of 0.4 cc of sulfur hexafluoride was 6.0+/-0.71 days, which was prolonged to 8.0+/-0.71 days with topical aqueous humor suppressants. The mean time(+/-SD) to disappearance of 0.2 cc perfluoropropane was 14.8+/-0.84 days, while it was prolonged to 22.0+/-1.58 days with topical aqueous humor suppressants. CONCLUSIONS: Sulfur hexafluoride and perfluoropropane intravitreal gas bubbles last longer in rabbit eyes treated with aqueous humor suppressants than in fellow control eyes.
Absorption ; Aqueous Humor* ; Rabbits* ; Sulfur Hexafluoride

It is reported that amniotic membrane easily obtained from human body was effective to treat ocular surface disease. Authors treated pterygium, which is known to high recurrect rate, with amniotic membrane transplantation, and evaluated its effect. From June 1997 to March 1998, 28eyes(18 eyes of primary pterygium, 10 eyes of recurrent pterygium)were treated with amniotic membrane transplantation. As the results shows higher recurrent rate(4 eyes of 18 eyes(22%) in primary pteygium, 3 eyes of 10 eyes(30%)in recurrent pterygium), so amniotic membrane transplantation was less effective method to treat primary and recurrent pterygium than other method like conjunctival autograft.
Amnion* ; Autografts ; Human Body ; Pterygium*

XO/XY mosaicism is frequently observed in the most patients with mixed gonadal dysgenesis. Mixed gonadal dysgenesis is a condition of Intersexuality characterized by asymmetric gonads or ambiguous genitalia or both. The external genitalia are always masculinized to some extent, on occasion represent a hypospadias as a common genetic form of a mixed gonadal dysgenesis. The disorder probably results from a cytogenic error that occurs early in embryogenesis. Phenotypic males with mixed gonadal dysgenesis have a high risk of developing gonadal tumors. We describe a case of hypospadias with a unilateral testis and XO/XY chromosome complement that is considered as a mixed gonadal dysgenesis.
Chromosome Aberrations* ; Complement System Proteins ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Genitalia ; Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed ; Gonads ; Humans ; Hypospadias* ; Male ; Mosaicism ; Pregnancy ; Testis

A clinical observation was made on 52 cases of hypospadias which were treated at the department of Urology, Kyung Hee University Hospital during the period of January, 1972 through December, 1985 and the following results were obtained. 1. The patients` age were between 2 to 28 years. Only 22 patients(41.6%) were found in the age group under 6 years. 2. Of 52 cases of hypospadias, 27 cases(50.9%) were penoscrotal, 11 cases(22.7%) were penile, 6 cases(11.3%) were perineal, 4 case(7.5%) were scrotal, 3 cases were glandular and 1 case(1.9%) was chordee without hypospadias in type. 3. Cryptorchidism was the most common among the associated anomalies and it occupied 25% of all patients. 4. Of the 52 cases of hypospadias, one stage operation was done in 12 cases, two stage operation in 32 cases and their success rate was 58.5%, 40.6% in respectively. 5. The most common complication was fistula formation and it occurred in 20 cases(54.5%)of hypospadias repair.
Cryptorchidism ; Female ; Fistula ; Humans ; Hypospadias* ; Male ; Urology

Dynamic strategy(DS) is a fast threshold algorithm for the Octopus 101 perimeter. To analyze the efficiency of DS, we compared the results of visual field measurements using DS and conventional normal strategy(NS). Subjects comprised 60 eyes of 30 normal individuals in the 3rd decade who has not experienced perimetry before. Program G2 was performed on all subjects at random and enough intervals between the two tests(more than 1 hour). Mean testing time was 1047.63+/-219.38 seconds in NS and 684.98+/-130.95 seconds in DS. Testing time reduction rate was 32.69+/-14.35% on average. Mean defect(MD) was 2.80+/-1.02dB, 2.15+/-0.94dB in the two strategies, respectively. Corrected loss variance(CLV) was 1.31+/-0.50dB2 and 1.03+/-0.61dB2 in each test. There was significant difference in MD and CLV statistically(P<0.01). Mean short term fluctuation(SF) was 1.38+/-0.49dB and 1.45+/-0.50 dB; mean reliability factor(RF) was 2.05+/-2.73% and 1.98+/-2.80% in the two strategies, respectively. There was no significant difference in SF and RF statistically(P>0.01). It took less time with DS than NS in Octopus 101 perimeter, but further study will be needed for clinical application of DS.
Octopodiformes* ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields

Automated static perimeters, which are commonly used for early diagnosis and follow-up of glaucoma patients in Korea, are manufactured overseas, and their basic data were obtained from foreigners and normal values were set to meet them. Therefore, verification of validity of those data should precede their application to Koreans. We compared the mean normal values of standard indices of OCTOPUS 101 automated static perimeter with the values obtained from 140 eyes of 70 healthy Koreans using normal strategy(NS)and dynamic strategy(DS). Mean navlues of mean defect(MD), loss variance(LV), corrected loss variance(CLV), and short-term fluctuation(SF)were: 2.84+/-0.85dB, 2.15+/-0.54dB, 1.22+/-0.42dB, 1.43+/-0.22dBwith NS, and 2.05+/-0.81dB, 1.98 +/-0.58dB, 0.97+/-0.49dB, 1.43+/-0.24dB, repectively with DS. With NS, 114 of 140 eyes (81. 4%)were out of the normal range of MD. With DS, 67 of 140 eyes(47. 9%)were out of normal range of MD, and 2 of 140 eyes(1. 4%)were out of the normal range of SF. Values of the other indices were within normal range of both strategies. Statistical analysis of global indices showed that age was significantly correlated with LV, CLV and SF in NS(P<0.05), and that it was also correlated with LV and CLV in DS(P<0.05). These results suggest that both race and age should be taken into acoount in interpretation of visual fields on automated static perimetry.
Continental Population Groups ; Early Diagnosis ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Korea ; Octopodiformes* ; Reference Values ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields*

The effects of taurine, carnitine or glutamine supplementation on endurance exercise performance along with related fatigue factors were evaluated in male college students in the Department of Physical Education, who''s maximal oxygen consumption rates (VO2max) were equivalent to those of endurance athletes. Twenty four subjects were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6), and given placebo, taurine (4 g/day), carnitine (4 g/day), or glutamine (4 g/day) tablets for 2 weeks. Subjects could run 6.9 min or 9.0 min longer until exhausted on a treadmill at the intensity of 75% VO2max following taurine or camitine supplementation for 2 weeks, respectively, compared to the value measured prior to each supplementation. Glutamine or placebo supplementation did not improve the endurance exercise performance based on the running time until exhausted on a treadmill. Serum lactate concentrations measured 1 hr after the initiation of the endurance exercise, as well as at all-out state tended to be decreased by taurine, carnitine, or glutamine supplementation, and were significantly lowered (43% decrease) by carnitine supplementation (p<0.05). Taurine supplementation significantly reduced the serum inorganic phosphorus concentration measured at all-out state (14% decrease, p<0.05), while carnitine supplementation significantly lowered the resting state serum inorganic phosphorus level (20% decrease, p<0.05). Taurine (32% reduction) or carnitine (23% reduction) supplementation significantly decreased serum ammonia concentration measured at all-out state (p<0.05). From these results, 4 g/day of taurine or carnitine supplementation appears to improve the endurance exercise performance and related human fatigue factors.
Ammonia ; Athletes* ; Carnitine* ; Dietary Supplements* ; Fatigue* ; Glutamine* ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; Male ; Oxygen Consumption ; Phosphorus ; Physical Education and Training ; Running ; Tablets ; Taurine*

PURPOSE: beta-catenin is a key regulator of the cadherin-mediated cell adhesion system and also plays a role as a transcription regulating factor. Nuclear expression and mutation of beta-catenin have been identified in some benign and malignant tumors, and over expression of beta-catenin indicates an oncogenic potential. This study was designed to clarify the role of beta-catenin in the histogenesis of gallbladder carcinoma. METHODS: In benign hyperplastic lesions, adenomas, and carcinomas of the gallbladder, intracellular expression of beta-catenin was investigated by immunohistochemical stainings. Cyclin D1 and Ki-67 were also examined. RESULTS: All of the hyperplastic lesions showed membranous expression of beta-catenin. Adenomas and polypoid carcinomas showed significantly higher incidence of cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of beta-catenin than hyperplastic lesions and infiltrative carcinomas (P<0.01). Loss of beta-catenin expression was frequently noticed in infiltrative and poorly differentiated carcinomas. Nuclear expression of beta-catenin in carcinomas had unique pathologic characteristics, including polypoid growing, well differentiated tubular type, and early stage. Cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of beta-catenin showed good correlations with cyclin-D1 expression (P<0.05). The Ki-67 index was significantly higher in infiltrative carcinomas than in adenomas or polypoid carcinomas (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that beta-catenin as a molecular marker may play a role in the carcinogenesis of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence of polypoid carcinomas. Infiltrative carcinomas, however, may have different mechanisms.
Adenoma* ; beta Catenin* ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Adhesion ; Cyclin D1 ; Cytoplasm ; Gallbladder* ; Incidence

No abstract available.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Medullary/*diagnosis/surgery/ultrasonography ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/diagnosis ; Gastric Mucosa/pathology/surgery ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratins/metabolism ; Male ; Stomach Neoplasms/*diagnosis/surgery/ultrasonography