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The infantile polycystic kidney disease is rare fetal urinary tract anomaly. It is inherited with an autosomal recessive pattern and recurrence rate is 25%. The gene locus is on chromosome 6p. The pathogenesis of infantile polycystic kidney is the primary defect of the collecting ducts. The ultrasonographic finding of infantile polycystic kidney is oligohydramnios, bilaterally symmetrical enlarged kidneys with maintenance of their reinform shape. The differential diagnosis with adult polycystic kidney disease is important. The massive enlargement of the kidneys is rarely seen in adult polycystic kidney disease and the examination of the parents and other members of the family is helpful to confirm the adult polycystic kidney disease. If there is severe renal involvements, stillbirth or neonatal death secondary to pulmonary hypoplasia would be developed. If it were diagnosed before viability, termination of pregnancy is recommended. In a fetus at risk, diagnosed after viability, pregnancy termination is also recommended since this condition is uniformly fatal. We present a case of infantile polycystic kidney.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Kidney ; Oligohydramnios ; Parents ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases* ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant ; Pregnancy ; Recurrence ; Stillbirth ; Urinary Tract

Small hepatoma is defined as hepatocellular carcinoma less than 3cm in maximum diameter and fewer than 3 innumber. To assess the ability of ultrasound to detect small hepatomas, a prospectively study was done in a groupof patients with HBsAg-positive chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Herein, we present 4 hypoechoic smallhepatomas detected on ultrasound and emphasize the role of real-time ultrasonography as a practical test formonitoring hepatoma high-risk, subjects.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Mass Screening ; Prospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Lymphadenitis*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Hematuria* ; Humans

Purpose: In this study, the protective effect of voluntary wheel running exercise on muscle loss and muscle weakness in gastrocnemius of old rats was investigated. The association of voluntary wheel exercise with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)/fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/adenosine monophosphate- activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was also evaluated. Methods: Six-month-old and 22-month-old male rats were used for this experiment. The rats in voluntary wheel running exercise groups were performed wheel running for 2 months. Weight bearing test for walking strength, rotarod test for motor coordination and balance, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining for histological changes in the muscle tissues, Western blot analysis for PGC-1α, FNDC5, AMPK, immunofluorescence for VEGF were conducted. Results: Decreased muscle mass, strength, and coordination due to aging were associated with a decrease in the PGC-1α/ FNDC5/AMPK signaling pathway in the gastrocnemius. Voluntary wheel running exercise enhanced VEGF expression by activating the PGC-1α/FNDC5/AMPK signaling pathway, then increased muscle mass, strength, and coordination. Conclusions It has been suggested that voluntary wheel running exercise alleviates symptoms of urological diseases that are difficult to treat. Wheel running exercise is a good therapeutic strategy to prevent or treat aging-related sarcopenia.

Purpose: In this study, the protective effect of voluntary wheel running exercise on muscle loss and muscle weakness in gastrocnemius of old rats was investigated. The association of voluntary wheel exercise with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)/fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/adenosine monophosphate- activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was also evaluated. Methods: Six-month-old and 22-month-old male rats were used for this experiment. The rats in voluntary wheel running exercise groups were performed wheel running for 2 months. Weight bearing test for walking strength, rotarod test for motor coordination and balance, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining for histological changes in the muscle tissues, Western blot analysis for PGC-1α, FNDC5, AMPK, immunofluorescence for VEGF were conducted. Results: Decreased muscle mass, strength, and coordination due to aging were associated with a decrease in the PGC-1α/ FNDC5/AMPK signaling pathway in the gastrocnemius. Voluntary wheel running exercise enhanced VEGF expression by activating the PGC-1α/FNDC5/AMPK signaling pathway, then increased muscle mass, strength, and coordination. Conclusions It has been suggested that voluntary wheel running exercise alleviates symptoms of urological diseases that are difficult to treat. Wheel running exercise is a good therapeutic strategy to prevent or treat aging-related sarcopenia.

Purpose: Exercise has been shown to protect against diverse brain diseases. Voluntary exercise improves cognition and has a neuroprotective effect. The aim of this investigation is to study the effect of voluntary wheel running on brain inflammation in rats with regard to inflammation and apoptosis. Methods: Brain inflammation was caused by intracranial injection of lipopolysaccharide using a stereotaxic instrument. Voluntary wheel running group were conducted during 21 consecutive days, staring 2 days after brain inflammation. Results: Brain inflammation increased proinflammatory cytokine production and apoptosis cell death in the hippocampus. There changes in the hippocampus deteriorated spatial learning memory. However, voluntary wheel running suppressed the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic neuronal cell death via inactivation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/NF-κB inhibitor-α pathway. Voluntary wheel running also promoted the recovery of the spatial learning memory impairment. Conclusions Voluntary wheel running after brain inflammation enhanced spatial learning memory by suppressing proinflammatory cytokine secretion and apoptosis cell death. Voluntary wheel running is also expected to be effective in inflammatory diseases of the urogenital system.

No abstract available.
Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Venous Thrombosis*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Hereditary* ; Siblings*