An appreciation of the range of normal variation and normal values for the pelvis and hip remains a continuing problem for the orthopedic surgeon in Korea. To help overcome this problem and to provide a comprehensive single source for this information, I have undertaken a study of 1037 unselected Korean subjects (605 normal males and 432 females) who varied in age from newborn to 86 years. The present study is concerned with normal angles and distances of the pelvis and hip, examined roentgenographically for statistical survey from January 1965 to August 1971 at Severance Hospital in Korea. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The value of the C-E angle, distance h, and distance d is increased according to increment of age but the value of the femoral neck shaft angle, acetabular angle, iliac index and interval of symphysis pubis is decreased with age. 2. The acetabular index in all age groups, iliac angle in the 1–3 months group, C-E angle in the 6–10 months group and the adult group over 18, interval of the symphysis pubis in the 4–22 year group, distance h in the 3–6 months group and the 4–8 year group, and distance d in the 1–3 months group show a difference between males and females. 3. There are differences between normal females and pregnant women in the interval of the symphysis pubis. Also the degree of relaxation of joints of the pelvis is higher in primigravida than multigravida. 4. The value for the femoral neck shaft angle is higher in Koreans than Europeans.
Acetabulum ; Adult ; Female ; Femur Neck ; Hip ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Joints ; Korea ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Pelvis ; Pregnant Women ; Pubic Bone ; Reference Values ; Relaxation

No abstract available.
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne*

No abstract available.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Arteries* ; Child* ; Humans

The presence of volcano-shaped pseudomembrane(PM) formations above the inflamed mucosa has been referred to as the unique biopsy criterion of the pseudomembranous colitis, but PM might be lost during the bowel preparation, and such loss leads pathologists to erroneous interpretations of the endoscopic biopsy specimens. The purpose of this paper is to identify the additional diagnostic clue other than PM among various histologic features in pseudomembranous colitis. We reviewed sigmoidoscopic biopsy specimens from 13 cases of antibiotics-associated pseudomembranous colitis which was confirmed to reveal characteristic PM by endoscopy aside from the clinical history of antibiotics administration. The cases were divided into two groups: the presence of PM (n=7) and its absence (n=6). Both groups showed basically identical histology, which included features of glandular distension, epithelial necrosis, crypt abscess, regenerative glands and mucous plug within the necrotic/dilated glands. Mucous plugs within the necrotic/ dilated glands were found in all cases and seemed to be the most characteristic microscopic feature. Ten cases of resected chronic ulcerative colitis in the active stage were compared for a differential diagnosis of crypt abscess-associated mucosal change. None of them revealed necrotic gland with mucous plugs, although crypt abscess formation was common in both conditions. We conclude that presence of mucous plugs in the dilated/necrotic glands is a useful diagnostic clue even though the biopsy specimens fail to demonstrate PM.
Abscess ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy ; Central Nervous System ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Endoscopy ; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous* ; Frozen Sections* ; Humans ; Methods ; Mucous Membrane ; Necrosis ; Pathology ; Pathology, Surgical ; Retrospective Studies ; Selection Bias

No abstract available.
Child ; Child, Hospitalized* ; Humans ; Hypertension*

The authors analysed 196 cases of convulsive disorder in children who were admitted to the pediatric department of Kyunghee Hospital from June 1993. Blood samples were drawn immediately following seizures on arrival. Serum prolactin values were measured by radioimmunoassay. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Mean serum prolactin value was 55.4+/-20.8ng/ml in generalized seizures within 1 hr following seizures, 22.5+/-3.9ng/ml in partial seizures. There was a significant difference between generalized scizures and partial scizures (p<0.05). 2) Mean serum prolactin value was 23.5+/-9.7ng/ml in generalized seizures within 1~3 hrs following seizures, 10.4+/-4.9ng/ml in partial seizures. There was a significant difference between generalized seizures and partial seizures (p<0.05). 3) Mean serum prolactin value was 9.5+/-4.4ng/ml in generalized seizures 3 hrs following seizures, 9.8+/-4.8ng/ml in partial seizures. There was no significant difference between generalized seizures and partial seizures (p>0.05). We found transient hyperprolactinemia following generalized seizures but a little change following gartial seizures. Postictal elevation of serum prolactin may represent a biochemical marker of generalized and partial seizures.
Biomarkers ; Child ; Humans ; Hyperprolactinemia ; Prolactin* ; Radioimmunoassay ; Seizures

BACKGROUND: To get the information about the clinical characteristics of the paroxysmal junctional tachycardia in children and to get the general principle in managing these children. METHOD: Analysis of the medical records of the 43 patients(male 30, female 13) with paroxysmal junctional tachycardia(JT) who had been followed-up in this hospital for a mean of 4.6 years(range 1 month up to 12 years) was done. RESULT: In 19 patients, JT started before 1 years of age : in 2, during gestational period, in 15, within 4 months of age, in 2, after 4 months of age. The next peak was 7 in the age of 5 years. The associated cardiac abnormalities were complex congenital defects in 2, tumor in 1, dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 1 each. The significant hemodynamic disturbances during JT were noticed in 25. Among those whose surface electrocardiogram during JT were available, mean heart rate during JT was 232rpm(range 160-310) ; narrow QRS complex in 33 and wide in 1 ; P` wave in ST segment or T wave in 22. The delta waves were noticed after stopping JT and during followe up in 20. The types of delta waves were A in 7, B in 9, and indeterminate in 4. The different forms of delta waves unrelated to the degree of fusion were noticed in 6 ; disappearance or intermittent form of delta wave in 4. The efficacy of stopping JT was as follows : ATP 84.4%(38/45), diving reflex 50%(7/14), other vagal stimulation 71.4%(5/7), digoxin 72.7%(8/11), verapamil 54.5%(12/22), D/C cardioversion 62.5%(5/8), neosynephrine 100%(2/2). There were 2 deaths due to associated cardiac defects and 2 elective catheter ablations during the followe up period. The preventive medication with digoxin, beta blocker, and/or verapamil was succesful in 14, partially succesful in 11, failed in 14. The 7 persistent JT were treated with amiodarone in 3, with amiodarone and beta blocker in 1, with flecainide and digoxin in 1. In 1, surgical ablation of accessory pathway was done due to persistent JT. At present, JT do not recur or occur transiently without drugs in 29 ; with drugs, JT become controlled without recurrence in 4, with transient episodes in 4 and with intermittent episodes in 1. CONCLUSION: Althouh the JT in children is benign in most cases spite of the severity during the early period, JT is persistent in cases and needs potent drugs to control JT. Ablation of the foci may be necessary in these cases. Even in patients whose long-term results are benign, it is necessary to choose the optimal drugs to terminate and prevent the JT during the intervening period.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Amiodarone ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; Catheters ; Child* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Digoxin ; Diving ; Electric Countershock ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Flecainide ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Phenylephrine ; Recurrence ; Reflex ; Tachycardia* ; Verapamil

No abstract available.
Linguistics*

A statistical comparison of pulmonary artery and pulmonary venous wedge pressure has been made by the correlation coefficient method in 24 children with various congenital heart disease. None of them had pulmonary hypertension above the normal range. During the systolic phase, pulmonary arterial pressure was 2.02+/-2.64mmHg greater than pulmonary venous wedge pressure with poor correlation(r=0.57). During the diastolic phase, pulmonary venous wedge pressure was 2.08+/-2.47mmHg greater than pulmonary aetery pressure with poor correlation(r=-.63). Mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 0.79+/-1.02mmHg greater than pulmonary venous wedge pressure with good correlation (r=0.96). Therefore, it is concluded that if pulmonary artery is not entered, a pulmonary vein wedge pressure is a useful indication of pulmonary artery mean pressure in selected cases of congenital heart disease.
Arterial Pressure ; Child ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Pulmonary Veins ; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure* ; Reference Values

The congenital dislocation of the hip is one of the most common congenital disease of the infants. The diagnosis and treatment of comgemital dislocation of the hip has been developcd since Lorenz published the methods of the closed reduction and immobilization in 1895. By replacing the displaced femoral head in the acetabular socket in early time, the normal development of acetabulum and femoral head were expected. So the early diagnosis and treatment were very important for good results. The authors studied 19 cases of 18 patients of congenital dislocation of the hip at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Hanyang University Hospital from June, 1972 to June, 1977. As results of this study, the following concolusion were result reached: 1. The proponderance of girl to boy was 13: 5. 2. The ratio of left side to right was 12:7. 3. The chief complaints were shortening of lower extremity, limitation of hip motion(esp. abduction) below 1 year old age and limping in over 1 year old age. 4. The associated congenital anomaly was abserved in a case of internal tibial torsion and metatarsus varus deformity. 5. In birth history, there was 1 case of breech presentation. 6. The acetabular index was much decreased in involved hip than the sound hip in treatment. 7. The arthrogram was valuable to detect any obstacles of closed reduction. 8. In 16 cases of 15 patients, 13 cases were treated by closed reduction, 1 case was open reduction, 1 case was derotation osteotomy, 1 case was varus and derotation osteotomy. 9. The results of treatment was Excellent:8 Good:8.
Acetabulum ; Breech Presentation ; Clinical Study ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Dislocations ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Infant ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Metatarsus ; Orthopedics ; Osteotomy ; Pregnancy ; Reproductive History