No abstract available.

An appreciation of the range of normal variation and normal values for the pelvis and hip remains a continuing problem for the orthopedic surgeon in Korea. To help overcome this problem and to provide a comprehensive single source for this information, I have undertaken a study of 1037 unselected Korean subjects (605 normal males and 432 females) who varied in age from newborn to 86 years. The present study is concerned with normal angles and distances of the pelvis and hip, examined roentgenographically for statistical survey from January 1965 to August 1971 at Severance Hospital in Korea. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The value of the C-E angle, distance h, and distance d is increased according to increment of age but the value of the femoral neck shaft angle, acetabular angle, iliac index and interval of symphysis pubis is decreased with age. 2. The acetabular index in all age groups, iliac angle in the 1–3 months group, C-E angle in the 6–10 months group and the adult group over 18, interval of the symphysis pubis in the 4–22 year group, distance h in the 3–6 months group and the 4–8 year group, and distance d in the 1–3 months group show a difference between males and females. 3. There are differences between normal females and pregnant women in the interval of the symphysis pubis. Also the degree of relaxation of joints of the pelvis is higher in primigravida than multigravida. 4. The value for the femoral neck shaft angle is higher in Koreans than Europeans.
Acetabulum ; Adult ; Female ; Femur Neck ; Hip ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Joints ; Korea ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Pelvis ; Pregnant Women ; Pubic Bone ; Reference Values ; Relaxation

No abstract available.
Abdomen, Acute*

The posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) is one of the most important structures in the knee joing because it provides about 94% of the total restraint to posterior displacement of the tibia & posterior stability of the knee joint. If the posterior instability persisted, rotational instability, injury to meniscus and degenerative change develop within several years. The purpose of this study is to know the result of the posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using semitendinosus tendon and to know the factors which affected to good result. During the period from January 1989 to December 1994, 16 cases with posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using semitendinosus tendon were evaluated clinical and radiological results retrospectively and performed stastical analysis using the SPSS. The results were as follows; 1. The average preoperative posterior laxity was 14.1 mm and average postoperative laxity was 6.3 mm. It was improved 7.8 mm. 2. In other associated injured ligament group with or without fracture, above good was in 8 cases and below fair in 6 cases, but there was no significant difference between the two (X²=9.8, df=1, P>0.05). 3. In the poor result group, mean body weight was 80(±13.23)kg and there was significant difference between poor group & fair, good, excellent group(F=3.52, P < 0.05). From these results it would be suggested that PCL reconstruction using semitendinosus tendon is more effective in relatively light weighted group than heavier group.
Body Weight ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Ligaments ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Retrospective Studies ; Tendons ; Tibia

Macrodactyly is a rare congenital malformation characterized by an increase in the size of all the elements or structures of a digit or digits. The phalanges, tendons, vessels, subcutaneous fat, finger nails, and skin are all enlarged, but the metacarpals are not affected. The condition is most frequently found in the index and long fingers, and its etiology remains unexplained. Macrodactylism associated with neurofibroma of the median nerve in the left middle finger, in a 13 year old girl, is presented with a review of the literature, and diagnosis was confirmed by pathological examination. Chief complaints were enlargement of the left middle finger and a soft tissue mass in the left palm since birth. There was no change in motor and sensory function of the hand. X-ray showed enlargement of phalanges and a diffusely enlarged soft tissue shadow in the middle finger. We performed epiphysiodesis of the proximal, middle and distal phalanges of the left middle finger with exploration of the left median nerve to the wrist joint. An enlarged fibromatous median nerve, left side, was found with very large abundant fat lobules around it.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Fingers ; Hand ; Humans ; Median Nerve ; Metacarpal Bones ; Neurofibroma ; Parturition ; Sensation ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Fat ; Tendons ; Wrist Joint

Spontaneous Infarction of fibroadenoma of the breast is very uncommon and may lead to difficulties in clinical and pathological diagnosis. Most reported cases occured in young women during pregnancy or lactation. This report describes imprint cytologic features of an infarcted fibroadenoma in a 19-year-old young woman without evidence of pregnancy. The smears revealed many individually scattered degenerated or necrotic epithelial or spindle stromal cells and naked nuclei on dirty necrotic background. A few sheets of cohesive uniform epithelial cells and a few fragments of stromal cells were also present. Most of the epithelial cells had pyknotic and hyperchromatic nuclei, however, cellular atypism such as pleomorphism, prominent nucleoli or mitosis were not present. Though the necrotic ductular and glandular outline of this case may bear a superficial resemblance to adenocarcinoma, obvious cytologic atypia or mitosis, even in the necrotic areas, were not present.
Adenocarcinoma ; Breast ; Diagnosis ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Fibroadenoma ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental* ; Humans ; Infarction ; Interleukin-2* ; Lactation ; Mitosis ; Pleura ; Pregnancy ; Solitary Fibrous Tumor, Pleural ; Stromal Cells ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Extremities* ; Neurilemmoma*

It has been well known that the knee joint is burdened on motion and weight bearing and structurally, it is more frequently injuried than other joints. Injuries to the ligaments of the knee joint are of frequent occurrence because of the increasing traffics and popularity of sports. It seems to be impotant to study on the mechanism of Injury, method of physical examination and treatment of the Iigamentous injuries of the knee. The purpose of this paper is to get accurate diagnosis and proper treatment. 68 cases of ligamentous injuries in 65 patients who were admitted and treated at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of Hanyang University Hospital from May, 1975 to April, 1979 have been reviewed. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The ligamentous injuries of the knee were more prevalent in male 4.9 times than female; and frequently occured in 20 to 30 decades (60%). 2. Traffic accident was the most common cause, and the most frequent injury associated with the ligament injuries of the knee was fracture. 3. Medial collateral ligament was ruptured most frequently and its tibial attachement was the most common site of the rupture. 4. Frequently, lateral collateral ligament was detached from the fibular attachment, anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments were ruptured through their substances. 5. There were 3 cases of isolated cruciated ligament injury, one was anterior and others were posterior. 6. Excellent or good result was obtained in 77.3% by operative treatment and in 93.3% by nonoperative treatment. 7. Early repair (under two weeks) gave much better results than late repair.
Accidents, Traffic ; Clinical Study ; Collateral Ligaments ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle ; Ligaments ; Male ; Methods ; Physical Examination ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Rupture ; Sports ; Weight-Bearing

Growth acceleration following femoral shaft fracture occasionally results in a significant leg-length inequality with limp. The ability to predict subsequent overgrowth would enable the surgeon to compensate for growth acceleration by providing the appropriate overriding of the fragments before the time union. The purpose of this study was to establish principles which would aid in predicting over growth. Between 1972 May and 1983 September, 115 inward patients who were 16 years old or the younger were treated in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of Hanyang University Hospital. In these cases, we analysed the causes of fractures, associated injury and methods of treatment. And also, by use of mentgenogram, evaluated on site, shape and degree of overriding of fractures. And then, the degree of overgrowth of bone was compared with unaffected site and analized by Bell Tompson's split orthoroentgenogram. 1. The average tibial overgrowth after fracture of femoral shaft is 2.2 mm in length. 2. The average femoral overgrowth after fracture of femoral shaft is 9.4 mm in length.
Acceleration ; Child ; Extremities ; Humans ; Socioeconomic Factors

PURPOSE: recent studies have reported that the expression of Drg-1 is up-regulated by androgen. It has been suggested that Drg-1 gene be used as a molecular marker for prostate cancer therapies like PSA. To de termine the role of Drg-1 gene as a molecular marker during intermittent androgen deprivation(IAD) therapy, we investigated the expression of Drg-1 and compared it with PSA expression in human prostate cancer cell lines treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) continuously or intermittently. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two prostate cancer cells having different status of androgen receptor [LNCaP (androgen dependent) and PC-3 (androgen independent)] were used in this study. To know the change in PSA and Drg-1 expression after DHT treatment the cells were cultured in steroid-free RPMI media for 24 hours. 10(-7) and 10(-8)M of DHT and 10(-7)M bicalutimide was added into the cells and then cultured for 72 hours. And we established in vitro IAD model using LNCaP cells. Northern analyses were performed to determine the expression level of both PSA and Drg-1genes. Also, western analyses were performed to determine the protein level of proliferating cellular nuclear antigen and androgen receptor. RESULTS: Transcripts of Drg-1 were detected in both LNCaP and PC-3 cells but PSA was not expressed in PC-3 cells. The expression of Drg-1gene in LNCaP cells was up-regulated by 10(-8)M of DHT like PSA gene and down-regulated by 10(-7)M bicalutamide. In the treatment of intermittent androgen deprivation, the expression pattern of Drg-1was similar to that of PSA. However, up-regulation of PSA was detected earlier than of Drg-1. CONCLUSIONS: Based on observation, Drg-1 was up-regulated by androgen and down-regulated by anti-androgen. This suggests that Drg-1gene is useful for determining the androgen independency of prostate cancer during IAD.
Cell Line ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Humans ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Receptors, Androgen ; Up-Regulation