We performed a retrospective review to evaluate the result of the management on primary vesicoureteral reflux in 36 children (59 refluxing ureters) during a 11-year period (1980 to 1990). Based upon the international classification, the vesicoureteral reflux was grade 1 in 6 cases (11.1 %). grade II in 14 (23.7 %), grade II in 13 (22.1 %), grade IV in 15 (25.4%) and grade V in 11 (18.6%) and designed to compare the risk or benefit of medical and surgical treatment as initial management for this. The group or primary medical management included with total 42 ureters and as the results of the management the reflux was completely disappeared in average 8.2 months at 22 ureters and 13 ureters were secondarily operated because of progressed reflux to recurrent urinary tract infection despite of appropriate medical treatment. The group of primary surgical management included with 3 ureters of grade III, 7 in grade IV, 7 of grade V, total 17 ureters and then 1 ureter of which was re-operated due to progressed reflux, but all reflux were cured. And we checked the 99m technetium-dimercapto-succinic acid renal scan to detect renal scars at pre-treatment in 33 ureters (22 patients) and post-treatment in 21 ureters (14 patients). As the results, the renal scars were detected in 17 ureters at pre-treatment patients. And during follow up, there were no changes of the renal scar at post-treatment in 18 ureters, but a new scar was developed in 3 ureters (grade II in I, grade IV in 2) even though having medical treatment. The radionuclide renal scan was highly sensitive to detect the scar, so should be performed.
Child* ; Cicatrix ; Classification ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Ureter ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux*

No abstract available.
Collagen* ; Humans*

Back pain is the most common symptom of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The aggravation of back pain in AS patients is usually thought to be a flare-up of the disease activity. We report here on the case of a 31-year-old AS patient with low back pain. The lesions of this patient were unexpectedly diagnosed as metastatic spinal tumor due to cholangiocarcinoma. In a patient with AS, an acute aggravation of low back pain may be due to other pathologic conditions such as osteoporotic vertebral fracture, vertebral discitis and metastatic bone disease. Therefore, when a patient with AS presents with nonspecific low back pain, a physician should consider the above mentioned conditions.
Adult ; Back Pain ; Bone Diseases ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; Discitis ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing

Thymoma is the most common neoplasm in the anterior mediastinum, and extrathoracic involvement is rare. Moreover, cystic liver metastasis is extremely rare; few cases have been reported in the literature to date. We report here on a case of cystic liver metastasis of thymoma treated with surgical resection, describing the ultrasonography, CT and MRI findings.
Liver ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mediastinum ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Thymoma* ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of a new herbal formula (WSY-1075) in a nonbacterial prostatitis rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prostatitis was induced in male Wistar rats (n=32) by treatment with 17 beta-estradiol and dihydrotestosterone for 4 weeks. After the induction of prostatitis, the rats were randomly divided into one of four treatment groups: control (n=8), ciprofloxacin (n=8), WSY-1075 (100 mg/kg) (n=8), and WSY-1075 (400 mg/kg) (n=8). After 4 weeks of treatment, the prostatic proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin [IL]-6, and IL-8) levels and histological findings were noted. RESULTS: The ciprofloxacin and WSY-1075 treatment groups showed significantly decreased proinflammatory cytokine levels compared with the control group. Histologically, treatment with ciprofloxacin and WSY-1075 significantly suppressed the severity of prostatitis lesions compared with those in the control group. No differences in the proinflammatory cytokine levels or histologic findings were observed with the dose dependent treatment of WSY-1075. CONCLUSIONS: The new herbal formula, WSY-1075, showed effective anti-inflammatory activities in the prostate and may be useful for the clinical treatment of nonbacterial prostatitis. Our findings suggest that WSY-1075 has a beneficial effect on the prevention and treatment of nonbacterial prostatitis.
Animals ; Ciprofloxacin ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Estradiol ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukins ; Male ; Prostate ; Prostatitis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

We had treated the 331 patients with lower ureter stone with EDAP-LT01 lithotriptor, Surveying 231 patients of them. whose retrospective study (or prospective) was possible, we have analyzed the factors that influenced on the treatment effect. So we got the following results. Most of stone size was ranged from 0.61 to 0.90 cm (38.6%). Stone clearance was achieved in 220 cases at 15 month and treatment failure was 11 cases (4.7%). Of the 220 patients, location of stone was more than 3.1 cm above ischial spine(IS) on KUB in 5 cases. Between 1.1-3.0 cm above it in 35 cases, +/-1. 0 cm of IS were 170 cases, and more than 1.1-3.0 cm below of it in 10 cases. There was no difference in the amount of total storage of shockwave in stone clearance according to location of stones, but high storage of shock wave required on cases of 3.1 cm above IS group. The 220 patients were grouped by in situ lower ureter stone at the time of the first visit to the hospital (158 cases), migration from upper stone (55 cases) and steinstrasse from upper tract stone (7 cases). The amount of shock wave consumption was 216.4, 301.2, 407.7 respectively, so initially lower ureter stone were treated with more effectiveness. Of the 220 cases, there were 184 cases of mild ureteral dilation, 34 cases of moderate ureteral dilation and 2 cases of severe ureteral dilation. The amount of shock wave consumption was 224, 295, 795 respectively. So treatment of these cases also showed significant difference (p=0.021). From these results, we concluded that effectiveness of ESWL against lower ureteral stone was related to the degree of ureteral dilatation, location of stone and situation of the stone migration within the ureter.
Dilatation ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock ; Treatment Failure ; Ureter*

PURPOSE: We retrospectively investigated the changes of prostate cancer detection rate according to patients prostate volume, age with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels of above 4.0ng/ml. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were collected from 663 patients who underwent 10 core prostate biopsy for elevated PSA above 4.0ng/ml. The biopsy-proven cancer patient group was compared to the non-cancer patient group according to age, PSA, prostate volume and PSAD. Prostate cancer detection rate was calculated according to prostate volume (less than 40 vs 40 or more 40ml) and age (less than 60, 60-69, 70-79, 80 or more years old). Also we compared prostate cancer detection rate according to PSA levels (4-10 vs 10-20ng/ml). RESULTS: Among the 663 patients who underwent prostate biopsy, prostate cancer was detected in 134 patients (20.2%). There were no stastically difference in mean age, mean prostate volume, and mean PSAD except mean PSA (13.9 vs 11.9ng/ml) between cancer and non-cancer groups. The cancer detection rate in small prostate was significantly higher than large prostate (23.5% vs 16.0%). The cancer detection rate was significantly increased with age: from 14.5% for below 60 year-old patients to 30.3% for the 80 or more year-old patients. There was no significant difference in cancer detection rate between the two PSA groups (19.0 vs 20.5%). CONCLUSION: Prostate cancer detection rate was higher in old patients and patients with small prostate volume. The older age group and the patients with small prostate volume was considered as the important factors to decide whether biopsy of prostate is needed.
Biopsy ; Humans ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Many centers rely on radiologists to detect prostate cancer by transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. In this study we evaluated transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy by radiologist or urologist, and compared prostate cancer detection rate, pathologic results and pain scrore. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In all, 259 consecutive patients had transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy by one radiologist (group 1) and one urologist (group 2). The indication for prostate biopsies were a raised or rising prostate specific antigen (PSA) level or abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE). All data were collected prospectively. RESULTS: Both group showed comparable demographic data in age, PSA, prostate volume. But pain score showed higher in urologist group (p<0.05). Prostate cancer was detected in 73 patients (28.1%). Radiologist detected prostate cancer in 38 patients (29.2%) and urologist detected prostate cancer in 35 patients (27.1%) (p=0.70). Both groups showed comparable cancer detection rates in PSA of <4, 4-10 and >10 ng/ml. Both groups had similar Gleason score (6.8+/-0.7 vs 6.7+/-0.8) and number of cancer cores (3.0+/-1.7 vs 3.9+/-2.3). Group 1 showed significantly low visual analogue pain scale compared with Group 2 (2.9+/-1.9 vs 4.0+/-2.1)(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy showed equally reliable datas whether performed by radiologist or urologist. The urologist can effectively perform transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy like radiologist in detecting prostate cancer. Also we recommend to perform anesthesia to relieve pain before prostate biopsy and furthermore future studies with more patients with more datas are needed.
Anesthesia ; Biopsy ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Humans ; Neoplasm Grading ; Pain Measurement ; Prospective Studies ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Urology

PURPOSE: Gastric cancer is the third-leading cause of cancer-related death in Korea. As the Korean population is ageing, the number of extremely old patients with this disease is increasing. This study examined the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer in extremely old (over 85 years) patients who received treatment or conservative observations and compared the treatment outcomes according to the treatment modality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 170 patients over 85 years of age were diagnosed with gastric cancer. Of these, 81 underwent treatment for gastric cancer and 89 received conservative observations. The clinicopathological characteristics of the treatment and conservative groupswere compared. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 86.5 years. The conservative group included significantly more patients with older ages, macroscopically advanced cancer and upper-middle located cancer. The overall survival rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the conservative group. The disease-specific mortality rate was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the conservative group. Multivariate analysis revealed the clinical course, alarm sign, and macroscopic classification to be independent prognosis factors. CONCLUSION: By itself, the chronological age should not be used as a strategy to determine whether treatmentwill be administered for gastric cancer. Patients who have early gastric cancer or lower-risk preexisting comorbidities should not be discouraged from treatment, even if they are older than 85 years.
Aged, 80 and over ; Classification ; Comorbidity ; Humans ; Korea ; Mortality ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prognosis ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Survival Rate

A 7-year-old boy was diagnosed with a recurrent embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in the retroperitoneum. After resection of the mass, direct end-to-end anastomosis of the ureter was not possible owing to the length of the resected segment. Accordingly, we performed ureteral substitution by using the appendix to repair the ureteral defect.
Appendix* ; Child* ; Humans ; Male ; Rhabdomyosarcoma* ; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal ; Ureter*