Higenamine is known to possess stimulatory activity on beta-receptor of the heart. Chronotropic actions of higenamic were studied in spontaneously beating right atrial muscle isolated from rabbits. The frequency of spontaneous beating and the relative threshold voltage of the right atrium were examined. The relative threshold voltage was defined as the minimal voltage of the given impulse above which the right atrium could be paced at the frequency of 20% of higenamine was also observed. Higenamine caused the postive chronotropic effect. This response became prominent as the ca2+ concentration in the bathing solution lowered. When tetrodotoxin was added to the bathing solution, the effect of higenemine altered and became similar to that of epinephrine. Higenamine reduced the relative threshold voltage of the right atrium in the bathing solution with [ca2+] of 0.5mM. Such effect was abolished by tetrodotoxin. The effects of verapamill on the spontaneous rate and the relativel threshold voltage were inhibited by higenemine. The above results suggest that, aithough the main action og higenamine is on the Ca channel, higenamine also have a minor effect of augmenting the Na channel.
Baths ; Epinephrine ; Heart ; Heart Atria* ; Heart Rate ; Rabbits ; Tetrodotoxin ; Verapamil

BACKGROUND: Primary stenting as a direct reperfusion procedure after acute myocardial infarction might reduce recurrent myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization. However, result of long or multiple stenting in the long or tandem lesions were not known. METHOD: From Jan. 1996 to Dec. 1998, patients with acute myocardial infarction including cardiogenic shock were undergone primary stenting using long or multiple stent. The clinical end points were death, recurrent infarction, subsequent bypass surgery, or repeat angioplasty of the infarct-related vessel. The results were compared with age, sex, lesion, and risk matched standard stenting group. RESULT: Baseline characteristics were similar for the 20 patients who underwent standard length stenting and the 13 patients who underwent long or multiple stenting. Stent diameter was similar in two group (3.4+/-0.3 mm vs. 3.5+/-0.4 mm, p=0.65), but total stent length was longer in long or multiple stenting group (15.5+/-1.8 mm vs. 40.18.4 mm, p=0.01). Average numbers of stent using in multiple stenting were 1.5+/-0.7. Stenting in the infarct-related artery was successful in all patients randomized to stent treatment. At 6 months, the incidence of the primary end point was 25% (5/20) in the standard stent group and 31%(4/13) in the long or multiple stent group (p=0.5). CONCLUSION: Outcomes of long or multiple stenting including mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization was similar to standard stenting. Long or multiple stenting after acute myocardial infarction may possible procedure in some selective cases having long or tandem lesion.
Angioplasty* ; Arteries ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction ; Reperfusion ; Shock, Cardiogenic ; Stents*

No abstract available.
Genitalia* ; Humans ; Male*

Primary tumors of the heart are rare, three quarter of the tumors are benign, and nearly half of the benign heart tumors are myxomas. Cardiac myxoma usually originate in the left atrium about 75 percent, however, only 3 to 4 percent of myxoma are detected in the left ventricle. We report on a 32 years old woman with left ventricular myxoma who presented with shortness of breath, chest tightness, and general weakness. Acute pulmonary embolism and left ventricular myxoma were found on a perfusion lung scan and echocadiogram. A mass located on septal wall of left ventricle was excised en bloc. The patient recovered uneventfully and careful follow up has be performed periodically.
Adult ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart ; Heart Atria ; Heart Neoplasms ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Lung ; Myxoma* ; Perfusion ; Pulmonary Embolism* ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Animals ; Mice*

No abstract available.
Cyclophosphamide*

No abstract available.
Polyps*

OBJECTIVE: The patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) suffered by a lot of complications that influence the quality of life both physically and mentally. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of patients with spinal cord injury in incidence of the complication according to the injury level and period. METHOD: Retrospective study was done in 554 patients with SCI who discharged from Yonsei University Medical Center from January, 1987 to December, 1996. We investigated the incidence of each complication such as respiratory, cardiovascular, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, and dermatologic complications according to the neurologic level and each period (1987~1991, 1992~1996). RESULTS: Among the 554 cases, urologic complication (40.3%) was the most common complication followed by dermatologic (39.0%), musculoskeletal (33.6%), cardiovascular (27.1%) and so on. The most common complications of each system were autonomic dysreflexia (13.2%) in cardiovascular, pneumonia (9.6%) in respiratory, contracture (27.8%) in musculoskeletal, urinary tract infection (34.3%) in urologic, hemorrhoid in gastrointestinal, and central pain (24.0%) in neurogenic complications. The most common site of pressure sore was sacral area (58.9%). There was no significant difference in each complication according to the injury period. CONCLUSION: Urologic complication was the most prevalent in patients with SCI followed by dermatologic, musculoskeletal and so on. These basic results would be helpful for prevention and management of the complication of SCI.
Academic Medical Centers ; Autonomic Dysreflexia ; Contracture ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Epidemiology ; Hemorrhoids ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pneumonia ; Pressure Ulcer ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Urinary Tract Infections

BACKGROUND: It is already known that systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is decreased during pregnancy. In addition, one of the large hemodynamic changes when using propofol is also a decrease in SVR, more profoundly than is found with enflurane. It might therefore be suggested that hemodynamic changes are more prominent in cesarean section during propofol anesthesia, compared with enflurane anesthesia. This study was designed to investigate these possible changes by propofol anesthesia. METHODS: One hundred thirty six women for elective cesarean section were involved in this study. They were divided into 2 groups: group E (n = 74), anesthesia with thiopental, enflurane, and N2O, and group P (n = 62), anesthesia with propofol and N2O. All patient were given glycopyrrolate as premedicants. The hemodynamic variables (MAP, HR, CO, CI, SVR, SVRI, SI, and EF) were measured by bioimpedence at the five different time points: at preoperation, after induction, after intubation, during push abdomen, and after delivery. RESULTS: The variables of hemodynamics did not change significantly when both groups were compared, except that MAP, SVR and SVRI at after induction and HR during push and after delivery in group P were lower compared with respective variables in group E. CONCLUSION: From these results, we concluded that there were no significant changes in cardiovascular system (CVS) by propofol anesthesia, compared with enflurane anesthesia in cesarean section patients. It is therefore suggested that propofol anesthesia is safe in considering hemodynamics for cesarean section.
Abdomen ; Anesthesia* ; Cardiovascular System ; Cesarean Section* ; Enflurane ; Female ; Glycopyrrolate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Intubation ; Pregnancy ; Propofol* ; Thiopental ; Vascular Resistance

OBJECTIVES: MDM-2 is an oncoprotein that inhibits p53 tumor suppressor protein. Amplication and over- expression of its protein have been observed in human malignancies, and these abnormalities have a role in tumorigenesis through inactivation of p53 function. To elucidate the role of p53 and MDM-2 protein in cervical neoplasia we investigated the expression rates of MDM-2 and p53 protein in surgically resected specimens. METHEDS: Immunohistochemical studies using anti-p53 and anti-MDM-2 protein in the paraffin embedded section of 62 cases including cervical intraepithelial neoplasm(CIN) and invasive cervical cancer were performed. RESULTS: Expression rates of p53 protein were 25% in CIN I& CINII, 20% in CINIII, and 44% in invasive carcinoma, respectively. The MDM-2 protein were 33% in CIN I & CIN II, 16% in CIN III, and 48% in invasive carcinoma, respectively. There was no evident correlation between p53 positivity and MDM-2 positivity(p>0.05). However, correlation between MDM-2 negativity and p53 negativity was statistically significant(p=0.002) CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the expression of p53 protein is presumed to be necessarily correlated with MDM-2 protein expression in cervical neoplasia.
Carcinogenesis ; Humans ; Paraffin ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2* ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms