No abstract available.
Fistula*

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of LASIK on the peripheral retina in patients with high myopia. SUBJECT AND METHOD: The difference between preoperative and postoperative retinal findings was investigated in 454 high myopic eyes underwent LASIK. RESULT: At postoperative 6 month, we did not observe any change in the preoperative retinal findings. CONCLUSION: From the above results, it is concluded that there is no significant effect of LASIK on the retina in patients with high myopia, at postoperative 6 month.
Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Myopia* ; Retina* ; Retinaldehyde

The purpose of this study is to investigate the error of using statistics in the articles of the Journal of the Korean Society of Anesthesiologists from 1981 ta 1990 and to present a program that may be of some help correcting the statistical error. We classified statistically the journals into original articIe, review and case report, and original articles into that of usng inferential statistics, descriptive statistics and no statistics. Then, we analyzed the articles of inferential statistics in the aspect of our criteria for statistical errors. The proportion of using erroneous inferential statistics was 80-100% from 1981 to 1986 and it decreased by 60% afterwards. But the proportion was still 67% in 1990. The representative errors are the no statistical analysis in spite of the necessary cases, the p-value only without the description of statistical method and using t test inappropriately in the comparison of more than 3 groups without Bonferroni correction. The other errors in using statistics were confusion between related data and independent data, inadequate numbers for Chi-square test, inapproate follow-up to variance analysis and inapproate parametric test for data in nominal or ordinal scales.
Weights and Measures

The purpose of this study is to investigate the error of using statistics in the articles of the Journal of the Korean Society of Anesthesiologists from 1981 ta 1990 and to present a program that may be of some help correcting the statistical error. We classified statistically the journals into original articIe, review and case report, and original articles into that of usng inferential statistics, descriptive statistics and no statistics. Then, we analyzed the articles of inferential statistics in the aspect of our criteria for statistical errors. The proportion of using erroneous inferential statistics was 80-100% from 1981 to 1986 and it decreased by 60% afterwards. But the proportion was still 67% in 1990. The representative errors are the no statistical analysis in spite of the necessary cases, the p-value only without the description of statistical method and using t test inappropriately in the comparison of more than 3 groups without Bonferroni correction. The other errors in using statistics were confusion between related data and independent data, inadequate numbers for Chi-square test, inapproate follow-up to variance analysis and inapproate parametric test for data in nominal or ordinal scales.
Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of ocular, respiratory and skin symptoms among solderers and to investigate the relationship between symptom prevalence and exposure intensity. METHODS: We analyzed 126 eligible participants out of a population of 146 male solderers who completed the symptom questionnaires. Fourteen symptoms including 'itchy and red eyes', 'itchy or prickly nose', 'sneezing', 'rhinorrhea', 'blocked nose', 'pricklythroat', 'foreign body sensation in throat', 'sudden bouts of coughing', 'exertional breathlessness ', 'wheezing', 'sputum production', 'itchy face or hands', 'acneiform eruptions on the face'and 'red spots on the face or hands'were contained. Blood lead levels of all the 126 participants were tested and the participants'own assessments of the health risk of soldering were collected. RESULTS: Of the 14 investigated symptoms, 'sudden bouts of coughing'was significantly more prevalent in solderers who worked 4 hours or more a day than those who worked less than 4 hours a day, as for the other symptoms, there were no significant differences in the preva1ences related to daily soldering hours. 2.8% of the solderers considered the risk of flux exposure to be serious. The mean blood lead level was 6.05 microgram/dL (maximum 15.50 microgram /dL). CONCLUSIONS: Soldering may increase the risk of respiratory symptoms. Further investigations on the hazards of soldering processes are warranted and solderers should be educated on these hazards.
Asthma, Occupational ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Questionnaires ; Sensation ; Skin*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Rebleeding after endoscopic therapy for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (NGIH) is the most important predictive factor of mortality. We evaluated the risk factors of rebleeding in patients undergoing endoscopic therapy for the NGIH. METHODS: Between January 2003 and January 2007, 554 bleeding events in 487 patients who underwent endoscopic therapy for NGIH were retrospectively enrolled. We reviewed the clinicoendoscopical characteristics of patients with rebleeding and compared them with those of patients without rebleeding. RESULTS: The incidence of rebleeding was 21.7% (n=120). In the multivariate analysis, initial hemoglobin level < or =9 g/dL (p=0.002; odds ratio [OR], 2.433), inexperienced endoscopist with less than 2 years of experience in therapeutic endoscopy (p=0.001; OR, 2.418), the need for more 15 cc of epinephrine (p=0.001; OR, 2.570), injection therapy compared to thermal and injection therapy (p=0.001; OR, 2.840), and comorbidity with chronic renal disease (p=0.004; OR, 2.908) or liver cirrhosis (p=0.010; OR, 2.870) were risk factors for rebleeding following endoscopic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Together with patients with low hemoglobin level at presentation, chronic renal disease, liver cirrhosis, the need for more 15 cc of epinephrine, or therapy done by inexperienced endoscopist were risk factors for the development of rebleeding.
Comorbidity ; Endoscopy ; Epinephrine ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Hemoglobins ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect and improvement of potassium aminobenzoate (500 mg Peyron capsule) in oral therapy for Peyronie's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From February 2011 to September 2011, 31 patients with Peyronie's disease received potassium aminobezoate (500 mg Peyron capsules) and were divided into two groups. Group 1 (N=10) received potassium aminobezoate (500 mg Peyron capsule) 3 g four times daily without previous treatment of Peyronie's disease, while group 2 (N=21) received the same drug with previous treatment of Peyronie's disease (10 mg Tamoxifen +300 mg L-carnitine two times daily). Outcomes were assessed by subjective symptom change, pain relief, resolutions of the plaque, and curvature. RESULTS: After 3 months, there were no significant improvements in clinical outcomes of either group and among all the patients, 23 stopped taking potassium aminobezoate (23/31, 74%). The reasons for ceasing the therapy were gastrointestinal trouble (8/23, 35%), too many doses to take (7/23, 30%), ineffectiveness (6/23, 26%), and high price (2/23, 9%). CONCLUSIONS: Athough the etiology of Peyronie's disease has not been elucidated, potassium aminobenzoate in therapy of Peyronie's disease has been used. The use of this medication has the limitations of gastrointestinal trouble, ineffectiveness, too many doses, and high price. Further evaluations of the effect and appropriate dosing of potassium aminobenzoate are needed.
4-Aminobenzoic Acid ; Carnitine ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Induration ; Potassium ; Tamoxifen

In this study, we aimed to determine the antinociceptive and/or anti-inflammatory effect of Bang-Poong (BP, Radix Ledebouriellae) on Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Traditionally, BP has been used to treat several inflammatory diseases such as arthritis. Whole BP is extracted into two fractions that were ethylacetate and hexane-soluble fractions. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats (n=30, 130-150 g) were subcutaneously administered by the Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) into the plantar surface of right hindpaw. Twelve days after the injection of FCA, the rats initially showed typical inflammatory edema and arthritis-related symptoms on the contralateral side (i.e. left hindpaw). Both antinociceptive (evaluation of mechanical, thermal pain threshold and analysis of spinal Fos expression) and anti- inflammatory (evaluation of paw edema, serum interleukin-6 level and x-ray analysis) effect of BP extracts were examined. The ethylacetate fraction of BP (BPE) significantly suppressed the FCA-induced paw edema as well as the serum level of interleukin-6 and it alleviated the radiological changes. Moreover, both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were attenuated by the treatment of BPE. In addition, spinal Fos expression that was increased by FCA- injection was suppressed in BPE group. Therefore, this study showed that BPE produced significant both antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects on FCA- induced arthritis in rats, while hexane fraction of BP did not show these effects. In conclusion, it is suggested that the ethylacetate fraction of BP is recommended to alleviate the arthritis-related symptoms in human according to the results of this study.
Analgesics/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*pharmacology ; Arthritis, Experimental/*drug therapy/radiography ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/*pharmacology ; Edema/veterinary ; Hindlimb/radiography ; Hyperalgesia/veterinary ; Interleukin-6/blood ; Male ; Pain Measurement/veterinary ; *Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord/metabolism

Kaposi sarcoma is a rare tumor originated from skin in patients with immune suppressive illness like as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or organ transplantation. It may be widely disseminated internally such as digestive or respiratory organ. In Korean patients with AIDS, Kaposi sarcoma is rarely seen rather than western countries. The reason is unknown. Although few cases of Kaposi sarcoma in patients with AIDS had been described in the Korean literatures, multi-organ involved cases were extremely rare. We describe a case of old AIDS patient in whom Kaposi sarcoma had affected multi-organs including esophagus, stomach, duodenum, colon, bronchi and skin.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Bronchi* ; Colon ; Duodenum ; Esophagus ; Gastrointestinal Tract* ; Humans ; Organ Transplantation ; Sarcoma, Kaposi* ; Skin ; Stomach ; Transplants

Castleman's disease represents an atypical lymphoproliferative disorder, infrequently associated with various immunologic abnormalities or subsequent development of malignancy such as Kaposi sarcoma, malignant lymphoma and plasmacytoma. Its clinicopathologic features depend on various etiologic factors such as Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), oversecretion of IL-6, adhesion molecule and follicular dendritic cell dysplasia, etc. To investigate the relationship of Castleman's disease (CD) and the above factors, we reviewed 22 cases of CD. Four cases of KSHV positive CD were detected, all multicentric, plasma cell type, and these cases displayed prominent vascular proliferation, characteristic 'Kaposi-like lesion'. IL-6 and CD54 positive mononuclear cells were scattered in interfollicular areas of KSHV positive cases. Follicular dendritic cell hyperplasia, vascular proliferation, expression of IL-6 and CD54 did not show any significant difference between solitary vs multicentric type, and plasma cell type vs hyaline vascular type. Our study suggests that KSHV positive CD reveals unique pathologic features, and the probable relationship of KSHV and IL-6 and CD54 is discussed.
Adolescence ; Adult ; Biological Markers ; Dendritic Cells, Follicular/pathology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/epidemiology ; Female ; Germinal Center/pathology ; Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia/virology ; Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia/pathology+ACo- ; Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia/epidemiology ; Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia/classification ; Herpesviridae Infections/virology ; Herpesviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation +ACY- purification ; Herpesvirus, Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated/isolation +ACY- purification ; Human ; Hyperplasia ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/analysis ; Interleukin-6/analysis ; Korea/epidemiology ; Lymph Nodes/virology ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Lymph Nodes/chemistry ; Male ; Middle Age ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Receptors, Complement 3d/analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tumor Virus Infections/virology ; Tumor Virus Infections/epidemiology