The case of 8 year old boy is presented, in whom huge mass on the lumbosacral region from birth and mild motor weakness of left leg with urinary incontinence. The operative using surgical microscope and pathological findings are discussed and reviewed of literature and a nosological classification of leptomyelolipoma given. The treatment underwent surgical microscope with good result. The importance of the surgical microscope is stressed.
Child ; Classification ; Humans ; Leg ; Lumbosacral Region ; Male ; Parturition ; Urinary Incontinence

Yolk-sac tumor in the testis is a very rare testicular tumor, most of which occurred in young children. Typical microscopic finding of yolk-sac tumor reveals perivascular mantles (Schiller-Duval body) with papillary structure. In the absence of distant metastasis, prognosis of yolk-sac tumor is known to be good. Recently. we experienced a case of yolk-sac tumor of the testis in 19 months male infant who had pulmonary metastasis with poor prognosis.
Child ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor ; Humans ; Infant* ; Male* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Prognosis ; Testis*

Total of 311 cases who were admitted to pediatric departmenr of Kyung Hee University Hospital from October, 1971 to December, 1975 were studied clinically about the cases in various age group. The results are as follows. 1) Convulsion was most frequent in children between 6months and 3years (38%), but it was least frequent in children from 10years to 15 years (7%). 2) The most common cause of convulsions in children was febrile convulsion(30.5%). 3) Tetanus (50.9%) was most frequent cause of convulsion in the neonatal period. 4) Febtile convulsion was most common in infants from one month to six months. 5) The most common cause of conculsions in infants from six months to three years was febrile convulsion (47.8%). 6) In children more than three years of age, idiopathic epilepsy was most frequent cause of convulsion (3 to 10 years and 10 years to 15years , 36%, 72.7% respectively).
Child* ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Infant ; Seizures* ; Seizures, Febrile ; Tetanus

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: By analyzing the patients of neurofibromatosis with spinal deformities, to identify presence of dystrophic changes, progression of deformity and associated factors, and treatment results according for sagittal curve pattern and operative methods. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: A single thoracic curve involving four, five, or six vertebrae is recognized as the most common pattern. Risk factors for progression of curve were anterior vertebral scalloping, particularly in younger patients, three or more penciled ribs, abnormal kyphosis, etc. It has been stated that the most effective management for dystrophic curves is early and aggressive surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty nine patients with neurofibromatosis and spinal deformities were reviewed with chart and radi-ographic review from 1977 to 1999. RESULTS: Four of thirty nine patients were nondystrophic type, and all patients were treated nonoperatively. Thirty five of thirty nine patients were dystrophic type, and twenty seven patients were treated operatively. Eight of these patients had been in progress till operation with 7.9 degrees/year progression rate, and their commonest pattern of deformity is a single curve in lower thoracic area with dystrophic changes such as vertebral scalloping, wedging, pencilling of average four ribs, particularly. Forty three percent of dystrophic type has sagittal plane deformities. The pedicle screw system was most excellent among the instrumentations. The complications of surgery were 6 progression of curve, 2 metal failure. Reoperation was done in 5 of 27 operated patients. CONCLUSIONS: Nondystrophic type had good results with nonoperative treatment, but dystrophic type mostly required surgical intervention and had rapid progression. The treatment should be done by rigid fixation after considering sagittal plane deformi-ties and long term follow-up was needed for progressions of curve.
Congenital Abnormalities* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Pectinidae ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Ribs ; Risk Factors ; Scoliosis ; Spine

PURPOSE: To improve low sensitivity of urinary cytology in diagnosis and surveillance of bladder cancer, we performed a study using the Lewis X immunocytology with the murine BG-7 monoclonal anti-Lewis X immunoglobulin M antibody while comparing it with conventional urinary cytology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Barbotage bladder washings were performed in 36 patients who were diagnosed as having bladder tumor after cystoscopy. The specimens were divided into conventional urinary cytology and immunocytochemical examinations. The cytologic examination was done according to Papanicolau. Indirect immunoperoxidase staining of urine samples was done using the murine BG-7 monoclonal antibody against the Lewis X antigen. Biopsies were obtained in all cases via transurethral resection. The results were analysed according to the tumor stage and grade. RESULTS: Of the 36 patients, 33 patients were diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma, 1 with inverted papilloma, and 2 with chronic inflammation. Immunocytology showed positive results in 25 of the 33 patients, corresponding to a sensitivity of 75.8% while conventional cytology showed a sensitivity of 45.5%. This discrepancy was vivid in the cases of low grade transitional cell carcinoma. The sensitivities of conventional cytology were 23% in grade I and 50% in grade II, while those of immunocytology were 50% in grade I and 100% in grade II. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that Lewis X immunocytology using the murine BG-7 monoclonal anti-Lewis X antibody can improve the sensitivity of noninvasive detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, especially in low grade tumor.
Antigens, CD15* ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Cystoscopy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; Inflammation ; Papilloma, Inverted ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: Intussusception is one of the most common causes of intestinal obstruction in children under the age of 2 years, especially in male. In this study, we compared the results of pressure reductions for various treatment methods and identified the factors related to reduction failure. METHODS: From Jan. 1996 to Dec. 1997, 87 barium reductions and 127 air reductions were performed for childhood in tussusception. Success rates of these non-operative managements and factors affecting those rates were analyzed. RESULTS: 1) When only ileocolic intussusceptions were considered in order to exclude the effect of different type of intussusceptions, the success rate for air reduction (AR) was 83.5%, which was significantly higher than 71.8% in barium reduction (BR). 2) Factors affecting reduction failure were history of preceding upper respiratory infection, fever (> or =38oC) and symptom duration in BR, and abdominal distension, leukocytosis (> or =10,000/mm3), and symptom duration in AR. 3) Bowel perforations were occurred in 3 cases of AR, but all of these cases showed bowel wall infarction requiring bowel resection, and complications due to perforations were minimal. There were no BR-related complications in BR. 4) Intussuception recurred in 7.4% of all cases; 4.9% after BR, 9.3% after AR. The mean intervals between previous reduction and recurrence were 37.0 (range 1-88) days in BR and 64.3 (range 2-283) days in AR. Recurrences occurred within 48 hours after reduction in 2 cases of BR and in 3 cases of AR. CONCLUSION: Compared with conventional barium reduction, air reduction had a relatively higher success rate in managing childhood intussusception, in spite of a slightly higher risk of bowel perforation. However, perforation did not significantly affect the clinical course. Therefore, air reduction is one of the good alternative of conventional barium reduction for managing childhood intussusception.
Barium ; Child ; Fever ; Humans ; Infarction ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Intussusception* ; Leukocytosis ; Male ; Recurrence

Background: Toe symphalangism is characterized by a fusion of the interphalangeal joint between the middle and distal phalanges. While typical lesser toe fractures heal well with conservative treatment, in our clinical experience, we encountered patients with symphalangeal toe fractures who experienced long-lasting pain and delayed radiographic union. Therefore, this study aimed to report radiographic outcomes following conservative treatment of symphalangeal fractures of the lesser toes. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 14 patients with symphalangeal lesser toe fractures who were treated conservatively. We investigated the mechanism of injury and measured the time from the initial injury date to the complete radiographic union. The fracture gap distance was measured on an initial lateral radiograph. Results: Symphalangeal fractures involved the fourth toe in 4 patients (28.5%) and the fifth toe in 10 patients (71.4%). Regarding the mechanism of injury, 6 patients (42.9%) were injured by stubbing or bumping into the door, 5 patients (35.7%) were injured by tripping, 2 patients (14.3%) were injured by heavy objects falling directly on their toes, and 1 patient (2.3%) complained of pain after wearing pointed shoes for half a day. The mean time to complete union was 9.1 months, and the median period was 5.5 months (range, 0.8–29 months). The initial gap of the fracture was 0.60 mm (range, 0.30–1.04 mm). Conclusions The results of our case series may help counsel patients in the outpatient clinic that prolonged healing time may be required for the union of symphalangeal toe fractures.

An organoid is a self-organized three-dimensional structure derived from stem cells that mimics the structure, cell composition, and functional characteristics of specific organs and tissues and is used for evaluating the safety and effectiveness of drugs and the toxicity of industrial chemicals. Organoid technology is a new methodology that could replace testing on animals testing and accelerate development of precision and regenerative medicine. However, large variations in production can occur between laboratories with low reproducibility of the production process and no internationally agreed standards for quality evaluation factors at endpoints. To overcome these barriers that hinder the regulatory acceptance and commercialization of organoids, Korea established the Organoid Standards Initiative in September 2023 with various stakeholders, including industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and standard development experts, through public and private partnerships. This developed general guidelines for organoid manufacturing and quality evaluation and for quality evaluation guidelines for organoid-specific manufacturing for the liver, intestines, and heart through extensive evidence analysis and consensus among experts. This report is based on the common standard guideline v1.0, which is a general organoid manufacturing and quality evaluation to promote the practical use of organoids. This guideline does not focus on specific organoids or specific contexts of use but provides guidance to organoid makers and users on materials, procedures, and essential quality assessment methods at end points that are essential for organoid production applicable at the current technology level.

One case of giant hydronephrosis associated with staghorn calculus was presented in 65 year old man. It`s containing fluid was about 4,000ml in amount. We reported this cases with a brief review of the literature.
Aged ; Calculi* ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis*

The pelvic kidney, which is located opposite the sacrum and below the aortic bifurcation is art ectopic renal mass with a congenitally short ureter and aberrant blood supply. The pelvic kidney may be assumed that any factors arresting the cranial migration of the ureteral buds. Genital anomalies are frequently associated in renal ectopia, which are affected on uterus and proximal vagina in female patient. We have experienced a case of congenital solitary pelvic kidney with amenorrhea in 21-year-old female patient.q
Amenorrhea ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Sacrum ; Ureter ; Uterus ; Vagina ; Young Adult