This study was conducted to investigate food and meal preference of workers (435 male and 212 female) in the Chonnam Yeosu industrial area. The results of the survey were analyzed by principal components analysis. The results were obtained as follows: 19.3% of the subjects were twenties, 28.3% were thirties, 28.8% were forties and 23.7% were fifties. Females liked rice rolled in dried laver, rice cakes, janchi-noodle and breads, on the other hand males liked thick beef soup, loach soup, an eel stew and soju. The young liked instant noodles, fried chicken, sweet and sour pork, pork cutlet, pizza, hamburger, ham, sausage and fruit beverage, on the other hand the old liked a fish pot stew, loach soup, eel stew, fish boiled in soy with spices, panfried fish, sea slug, ascidian, bunder, green laver and boiled burdock-lotus root in soy. Females who are young liked hamburger and sweet and sour pork whereas males who are young liked instant noodles, pork cutlet, ham, sausage and fruit beverage. Aged females liked fish boiled in soy with spices, panfried fish, bunder, green laver, boiled burdock-lotus root in soy whereas aged males liked a fish pot stew, loach soup, eel stew, sea mussel and oysters. Boiled rice was located within the middle irrespective of age and sex, but noodles, wheat flour meal, fast foods and fruits were situated at the young female side. Aged males liked soup and pot stew. Young males liked meats and eggs whereas fish and shellfish and kimch were located at the aged people side. Aged females liked sea weeds and most people disliked vegetables but females liked some vegetables irrespective of age. Processed foods, salted foods, and alcohol were generally disliked foods by subjects but males liked those foods. Soybean curd was liked more males than females, and teas, except coffee, was liked by males.
Aged ; Beverages ; Bivalvia ; Bread ; Chickens ; Coffee ; Eels ; Eggs ; Fast Foods ; Female ; Flour ; Fruit ; Gastropoda ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Meat ; Ostreidae ; Ovum ; Shellfish ; Soybeans ; Spices ; Tea ; Triticum ; Urochordata ; Vegetables

The general consensus of the treatment for ankle fracture is anatomical reduction and restoration of the distal tibiofibular relationship. In general, stabilization of the disrupted syndesmosis may be achieved by repairing ruptured ligament; fixing associated fractures of the fibular, avulsed tubercles, and medial malleolus; or by placing a screw between the tibia and the fibular to hold the syndesmosis in position until some degree of syndesmotic ligament healing can occur. However, the managements of syndesmosis remain controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the syndesmotic fixation in the ankle fractures. The patients with syndesmotic disrupted ankle fracture, who were treated operatively between 1990 and 1995 at St. Benedict Hospital, were divided into the two groups based on whether trans-syndesmotic screw was used or not. The group I included 42 ankle fractures that were treated with trans-syndesmotic screw, while the group II included 28 ankle fractures that were treated without syndesmotic screw. The results obtained from this study were as follows. 1). There was no significant difference of the clinical result between the two groups. 2).When the diastasis was satisfactorily reduced after rigid, anatomic medial and lateral fixation, syndesmotic screw fixation was not required to maintain the integrity of the tibiofibular joint.
Ankle Fractures* ; Ankle* ; Consensus ; Humans ; Joints ; Ligaments ; Tibia

Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (CNDI) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by insensitivity of the kidney to the antidiuretic effect of vasopressin. There are three inheritance patterns of CNDI: the X-linked recessive form associated with vasopressin V2 receptor gene mutations, and the autosomal recessive and dominant forms associated with aquaporin-2 gene (AQP2) mutations. The evaluation for polyuria and polydipsia in a one-month-old Korean girl revealed no response to vasopressin and confirmed the diagnosis of CNDI. Because the child was female without family history of CNDI, her disease was thought to be an autosomal recessive form. We analyzed the AQP2 gene and detected a compound heterozygous missense point mutation: (70)Ala (GCC) to Asp (GAC) in exon 1 inherited from her father and (187)Arg (CGC) to His (CAC) in exon 3 inherited from her mother. The first mutation is located within the first NPA motif of the AQP2 molecule and the second one right after the second NPA motif. This is the first report to characterize AQP2 mutations in Korean patients with autosomal recessive CNDI, and expands the spectrum of AQP2 mutations by reporting two novel mutation, (70)Ala (GCC) to Asp (GAC) and (187)Arg (CGC) to His (CAC).
Aquaporin 2/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Child, Preschool ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic/congenital/*genetics ; Female ; Genes, Recessive ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mutation, Missense ; Point Mutation ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

The expression of two cell proliferation indices, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen( PCNA), using the monoclonal antibody in the immunoperoxidase method, and the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), using silver nitrate staining technique, were assessed in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded material of transitional cell urinary bladder carcinomas. The aim of our study was to examine comparatively the expression of PCNA and the number of NORs in 37 transitional cell bladder carcinomas and to investigate how they correlate with tumor grade and the disease stage. It was noticed that the PCNA expression rate(%) related to grade was statistically significant only between grades II and III (p<0.05), while that between grades I and II was not statistically significant(p > 0.05). The mean number of AgNORs per nucleus between grades I and II and between grades II and III were statistically significant(p<0.05). As far as the correlation of PCNA expression rate(%) with the stage is concerned, PCNA expression rate (%) was higher in the invasive tumors(p<0.05) than in the superficial tumors and AgNOR Numbers was also greater in the invasive tumors(p <0.05). The linear correlation coefficient between PCNA expression rate (%) and AgNOR counts was 0.52(p <0.001) In conclusion, a considerable relationship was found between the histological grade and each of the two indices used. A good correlation was also demonstrated between each of PCNA expression rate(%) and AgNOR scores to the pathologic stage. Our results suggest that PCNA expressionrate( % ) and AgNOR scores may be prognostic induces in urinary bladder cancer.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Cell Proliferation ; Nucleolus Organizer Region* ; Paraffin ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Silver Staining ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

This study was performed by a comparative analysis of nutritional knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrient intakes of dietitians and non-dietitians. The subjects of this study were 103 dietitians and 166 non-dietitians working in the Chonnam area. The general characteristics, nutrition knowledge and dietary attitudes of the subjects were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire, and nutrient intakes were examined using 24-hour recall method. The results were as follows: Dietitian group (15.17+/-3.88) scored significantly (p < 0.0001) higher than non-dietitian group (13.34+/-3.31) in nutrition knowledge. Dietitian group (69.58+/-10.67) scored significantly higher on dietary attitudes than the non-dietitian group (63.97+/-11.18). The correlation between nutritional knowledge scores and dietary attitudes scores were statistically significance on job, age (20~39), education level (below university), marital status and work experience (2~5, above 10). The dietitian group was significantly higher than the non-dietitians in body weight and BMI of anthropometric data. The prevalence of obesity was 5.8% from the dietitian group and 6.6% from the non-dietitian group when judged by BMI and therefore obesity rate was significaltly (p < 0.001) different between the two groups. In case of the dietitian group, the average intake of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, niacin, vitamin E, phosphorous, zinc were above the Korean RDA whereas the average intake of vitamin C, calcium, iron, folic acid were below the Korean RDA. The average intake of most nutrients, except vitamin B1, vitamin B6, phosphorus, were below the Korean RDA in the non-dietitian group. Therefore the non-dietitian group needs nutrition education in order to improve their nutritional status.
Ascorbic Acid ; Body Weight ; Calcium ; Education ; Folic Acid ; Iron ; Jeollanam-do* ; Marital Status ; Niacin ; Nutritional Status ; Nutritionists* ; Obesity ; Phosphorus ; Prevalence ; Thiamine ; Vitamin A ; Vitamin B 6 ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins ; Zinc ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Some researchers have tried to use Tc-99m MIBI (2-methoxyisobutyl isonitril) scintigraphy to evaluate breast-cancer patients. Early reports revealed that Tc-99m MIBI breast scintigraphy was useful in distinguishing malignancies from benign masses in patients for whom mammographic evaluations were difficult. Further studies suggested that functional imaging with Tc-99m MIBI in breast cancer seemed to be correlated with the levels of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression and angiogenesis in cancer tissues. For that reason, we evaluated whether significant relationship actually existed between the pattern of Tc-99m MIBI uptake in tumor tissue and tumoric factors including Pgp expression and angiogenesis. METHODS: Thirty-one untreated breast-cancer patients (later pathologically proved to have had invasive ductal carcinomas) were prospectively studied by using both Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy on and immunohistochemical analyses of angiogenesis and Pgp expression in sugically removed tumor tissues. Both lateral and anterior planar images were obtained at 10 minutes and 3 hours after intravenous injection of 740 MBq Tc-99m MIBI. The tumor-to-normal breast ratio (T/N) and the washout index (WI, early T/N minus late T/N divided by early T/N) were calculated. RESULTS: A significant correlation was found between the T/N's at early and late images (r=0.54, p=0.002 on early images; r=0.47, p=0.006 on late images). The T/N's of early images were not different among the different groups of Pgp expression (p=0.3696) while those of late images were significantly different among the groups (p=0.0276). An even more significant difference was noted in the WI's among the groups (p=0.0015). A significant negative correlation was noted between the T/N of late images and Pgp expression (p=0.0276). An even stronger correlation was found between WI and Pgp expression (r=0.668, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The tumoral uptake and washout of Tc-99m MIBI can be used as a simple functional test for angiogenesis and P-glycoprotein expression in untreated breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; P-Glycoprotein ; Population Characteristics* ; Prospective Studies ; Radionuclide Imaging*

This study was to investigate obesity and food habit of adolescents in Yosu, Chonnam area. It was surveyed using questionnaires with 551 adolescents consisted of 280 boys and 271 girls. The questionnaire included general characteristics, obesity index, eating behavior and snack intake pattern. The results were as follows. The proportion of obese subjects was 10% by Rohrer index but the rate of obesity by body mass index was 3.3%. The self perception of body shape were optimal (47.9%), fat (29.8%), slightly lean (14.5%), obese (4.7%) and lean (3.1%). Generally, the proportion of girls responded them as "fat" was greater than boys. The greater percentage of boys responded them as "lean" than girls. The subjects don't take breakfast regularly were 50.8% and the main reason for skipping breakfast was the lack of time (55.2%). The main type of breakfast was cooked rice (78.9%). The most favorite snacks turn out to be cookies (36.5%) and 45.7% of subjects take snacks during the rest. The reason for taking snacks was "feeling hungry" 52.6%) and the taste was the most important factor of snack choice. The results of this study showed that the most of subjects were not in a serious obesity condition, and their eating habits were generally satisfactory. Also, this study has found that it is necessary to educate the students the importance of regular intake of a balanced meal.
Adolescent* ; Body Mass Index ; Breakfast ; Eating ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Food Habits* ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do* ; Meals ; Obesity* ; Self Concept ; Snacks ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and safety of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) as initial and adjunctive treatment for ocular hypertension and open angle glaucoma. METHODS: Twenty-four eyes with ocular hypertension and 63 eyes with open angle glaucoma were treated with a frequency-doubled, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured prelaser treatment, one week, one, two, three, six, 12, 18, and 24 months after treatment. RESULTS: The average pre-laser IOP of 87 eyes was 21.6 mmHg. The mean IOP percent reductions at 1 week, one, two, three, six, 12, 18, and 24 months were 15.3%, 20.0%, 21.3%, 19.6%, 23.4%, 23.4%, 20.5%, and 20.9%, respectively. The IOP percent reductions in the initial treatment group at one, 12, and 24 months were 21.1%, 24.8%, and 22.8% respectively. The IOP percent reductions in the adjunctive treatment group at 1, 12, and 24 months were 19.6%, 22.9%, and 20.2% respectively. There were no differences in IOP percent reduction between the initial treatment group and the adjunctive treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: Selective laser trabeculoplasty has shown reasonable efficacy in lowering IOP over two-year follow-up period as initial and adjunctive treatment for ocular hypertension and open angle glaucoma.
Eye ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Intraocular Pressure ; Ocular Hypertension ; Trabeculectomy

OBJECTIVE: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified more than 100 HPV subtypes. The distributions of subtypes are different according to nations and regions. We analysed subtype of infection with HPV among women who live in Pusan and surburbs of Pusan. We accessed the clinical usefulness of HPV DNA chip test as a supplementary method of Pap smear in the evaluation of cervical lesion. METHOD: This study was undertaken from January 2002 to January 2005 and the samples were collected from the patients who had abnormal Pap smear. We analysed subtypes of 143 positive cases with HPV DNA chip (Biomedlab) test and estimated pathologic reports of 115 patients except 28 patients who had not biopsy. We investigated pathologic results of 54 of 115 patients who had atypical squamous cells / low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC/LSIL) in Pap smear and examined high risk HPV in 54 pathologic results. RESULTS: The prevalence of HPV subtypes was 42 cases of HPV-16, 20 cases of HPV- 58, 16 cases of HPV-52, 10 cases of HPV-35, 9 cases of HPV-56, 7 cases of HPV-51, 6 cases of HPV-18 in descending order of incidence in high risk HPV group and 3 cases of HPV-6, 3 cases of HPV-42, 2 cases of HPV-34, 2 cases of HPV-43 in descending order of incidence in low risk HPV group. The results of HPV DNA chip test and 115 pathologic reports were estimated by comparative study. A pure infection with low risk HPV group was detected in low grade lesion. Infection with high risk HPV group was also detected in low grade lesion but was mainly detected in high grade lesion. The pathologic results of 54 patients who had ASC / LSIL in Pap smear were 13 patients had above high grade lesion include 2 cases of invasive carcinoma so false negative rate of Pap smear in the detection of high grade lesion was 24%. CONCLUSION: HPV subtypes were detected HPV 16, 58, 52, 35, 56, 51, 18 types in descending order of incidence and prevalence. Mass study and integrated data from larger population and various regions in many hospitals will be needed. And the supplementary use of HPV DNA chip test may provide clinical usefulness because it can reduce the false negative rate of Pap smear and improve the positive predictive value in the detection of high grade cervical lesion and it enables to decrease the incidence of cervical cancer.
Biopsy ; Busan ; Cervix Uteri* ; DNA* ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Human papillomavirus 6 ; Humans ; Incidence ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis* ; Prevalence ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Menstrual Cycle*