No abstract available.
Hyperaldosteronism*

Paralytic scoliosis is a disease characterized by its long severe curve and the continuous progression of the deformity even after cessation of growth. It is also resistent to conservative treatment and more patients require surgical treatment than those with idiopathic or congenital curvature. Patients suffer from marked limitation of normal activities in walking and sitting due to imbalanced paralysis of trunk muscles and pelvic obliquity. The indication for the conservative treatment with Milwaukee brace allowing for skeletal growth in a straight alignment is much limited and surgical correction and fusion are almost always indicated even in a young age. This paper was aimed to review our experience with ninteen patients with paralytic scoliosis who were treated with various methods of preoperative corrections and surgery from Jan. 1970 to Dec. 1981 and the following results were obtained. 1. The average age when scoliosis was observed was 7.7 years but the average age of surgery was deferred to 17.7 years. 2. No treatment had been done until most of the patients could no longer maintain balanced posture in sitting and walking due to collapsing spine and marked pelvic obliquity. 3. The causes of paralysis were poliomyelitis in 15 cases, meningocele in two, cerebral palsy and Charcots disease in each one. 4. Preoperative average degree of scoliosis was 107.8° and the final correction was 47.9°(44.4%) with loss of correction 3.6° (3.4%) after 5.6 years of follow-up in average. 5. The more severe the curve was, the more flail was the spine and the more correction could be obtained. 6. Preoperative correction was performed for 16 cases and Harrington instrumentation and posterior fusion were performed for all cases except one meningocele with defect of posterior element in which Dwyer instrumentation was indicated. 7. Breakage of Harrington rod was observed in two cases 1.3 and 3.8 years postoperatively but no problem arose from it in seven and two years of follow-up respectively. 8. Significant pelvic obliquity was observed in seven cases, which were treated by Harrington instrumentation with sacral bar or sacral hook and posterior fusion extended to sacrum.
Braces ; Cerebral Palsy ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Meningocele ; Muscles ; Paralysis ; Poliomyelitis ; Posture ; Sacrum ; Scoliosis ; Spine ; Walking

No abstract available in English.
Clinical Study ; Shoulder Fractures

No abstract available.

It is well known that HL-60 cell, a human promyelocytic line, is differentiated into eosinophil-like cells in the presence of butyric acid, and thus the differentiated HL-60 cells have been used as a model system to study irnmunological properties of peripheral eosinophils which are thought to be terminally differentiated. To study whether HL-60 cells alter their capability of expressing cytokines during differentiation to eosinophil-like cells, we examined TNF mRNA levels in HL-60 cells treated with butyric acid by Ribonuclease Protection Assay (RPA). HL-60 cells were incubated for 3 days in the presence of butyric acid (0.5 mM), and stimulated with PMA and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The levels of TNF mRNA decreased by 50 % and 95 % upon one and two days of post-treatment of butyric acid, respectively. The decreased pattern in TNF mRNA levels was also observed in HL-60 cells that have been treated with retinoic acid known as an inducer for differentiation of them. In accordance with these results, prominent azurophilic granules typical in eosinophils appeared in the cytoplasm of the differentiated HL-60 cells. The decreased expression of TNF mRNA was not attributable to the presence of serum, since increasing concentrations of serum had no effect. Furthermore, interleukin-5 (IL-5), which is known to be involved in activation and trafficking of eosinophils in vivo and in vitro, failed to affect TNF mRNA production when it was used in place of butyric acid. These data suggest that the differentiated HL-60 cells may have immunological resemblance to eosinophils in that they weakly produce the cytokine mRNA.
Butyric Acid ; Cytokines ; Cytoplasm ; Eosinophils ; HL-60 Cells* ; Humans ; Interleukin-5 ; Ribonucleases ; RNA, Messenger* ; Tretinoin

BACKGROUND: Tufted angioma is an uncommon slowly progressive vascular tumor found typically in infants and young children with characteristic histologic findings, so called "cannonball" appearance. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was aimed to investigate the clinical and histopathological characteristics of tufted angioma and the response to intralesional steroid. METHODS: Clinical information of 10 patients with tufted angioma diagnosed in Severance hospital and Pundang CHA hospital from 1983 to 1999 was obtained from the medical records and clinical follow-ups. We re-evaluated 10 biopsy specimens obtained from them with routine H&E staining. RESULTS: Five male and five female patients were included. In 9 patients the lesion appeared before 2 months of age. Four had a lesion at birth. The thigh was the most common site. The clinical symptoms were diverse, but characteristically tenderness was present in most cases. In all the patients the lesions had a tendency to spread progressively. Microscopically, numerous, distinct, variably sized, tightly packed capillary and endothelial cellular lobules were scattered in the dermis. There were characteristic semilunar spaces adjacent to the capillary tufts. Six patients received intralesional triamcinolone. This treatment was found to be effective in 5 patients who experienced remarkable improvement. The improved cases had similar histologic findings which were composed of cellular mass more than lumen formation. We classified our specimens into two categories, one with more cellular mass and the other with more lumen formation in relative proportion. The former was different from the latter in that it had more solid appearance and more definite margin. And we realized that it was useful to divide into these two categories since its response to treatment could be different. CONCLUSIONS: Tufted angioma is a relatively uncommon disease with characteristic histopathologic findings. It seems not to regress spontaneously. So early treatment is required to pre-vent further spreading up to the extent. We treated 6 patients with intralesional injection of triamcinolone and 5 patients experienced marked improvement which had more cellular mass more than lumen formation histopathologically.
Biopsy ; Capillaries ; Child ; Dermis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Infant ; Injections, Intralesional ; Male ; Medical Records ; Parturition ; Thigh ; Triamcinolone

This review-article is aimed at shedding a light upon the nature of age-associated changes in the human skeletal system. When the anatomical, physiological and biochemical consequences of bone aging are considered together with the hardening, drying and the diminished repair capabilities of the elderly, it can be seen that fractures assume greater importance as a clinical problem in the geriatric population. Older people start out with a deficit of cortical bone, making them more fracture prone and once fractures occur, the necessary treatments (immobilization, use of casts, etc.) accelerate the rate of bone loss. In addition, aged individuals stand a higher risk for complications of the hospital and enforced bed rest that may ensue. The problems resulting from bone loss in the elderly may be partially alleviated by providing adequate health service support which should include consideration of the following points : 1. Age, sex and general health status ; 2. Habits and inclinations towards physical activities ; 3. Nutritional and endocrine background ; 4. Presence of any specific bone diseases, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, osteomalacia and ankylosis ; 5. Psychosocial adaptability and other behavioral elements.
Aged ; Aging ; Ankylosis ; Bed Rest ; Biology* ; Bone Diseases ; Health Services ; Humans* ; Motor Activity ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteomalacia ; Osteoporosis

No abstract available.
Anemia, Aplastic*

The onset of systemic scleroderma in the first. decade of lif occurs in less than 1.5% of instances. Systemic sclerodrma in childhood have been characterized by less severe visceral involvement and a benign course We report a boy, aged 7 years, with a history of Raynaid; phenomenon and dysphagia. He had a mask-like face, flexion contracture of hands and knee joints, digital pitting scars, ichthyosiform skin change on leg and hyperpigrnented induration on all extremities and trunk. Antinuclear antibodies were positive in nucleolar type and Scl-70 antiocy was also present. On radiologie study, the pattern of reflux esophagitis and resorption of the listal ends of all phalanges were nated. Histopathological findings were compatible with sclerodma. He was treated with Penicillamine-D and oral corticosteroic with good improvernent.
Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Cicatrix ; Contracture ; Deglutition Disorders ; Esophagitis, Peptic ; Extremities ; Hand ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Leg ; Male ; Scleroderma, Systemic* ; Skin

Recent studies indicated that cellular and humoral immune reactions against Afycobacterium leprae may be involved in the development of some of the pathological manifestations. In lepromatous leprosy one might anticipate the formation of immune complexes from concomitant occurrence of large amounts of mycobacteria and corresponding antibodies. Indeed, there are some evidences of an involvement of immune complexes in the pathogenesis of erythema nodosum leprosum(ENL), mainly based on clinical and pathological studies. Some of numerous immune cornplex tests have been applied for the study of leprosy, But no single test has yet been shown to be the rnost sensitive and the most specific for the entire spectrum of circulating immune complexes. Furthermore. Leprosy has been found to differ in its clinical manifestations and immunological behaviors in different geographic areas and races. The authors considered it is necessary to determine the circulating immune complexes in Korean patients with leprosy to evaluate the immune status and the differences in the immunologic reactivity between the lepromatous and the tuberculoid spectrum of Ieprosy.
Antibodies ; Antigen-Antibody Complex* ; Continental Population Groups ; Erythema Nodosum ; Humans ; Leprosy* ; Leprosy, Lepromatous