One of the complication during or after subclavian vein cannulation is intravascular catheter or wire embolization. Although some studies have reported safety of retaining foreign body embolization, and even death. The intravascular foreign body can be removed surgically or non-surgically. With improvement in instrument technology and technique, percutaneous retrieval of intravascular foreign bodies has become a relatively common procedure. Commonly used methods to remove intravascular foreign bodies are loop snare and basket technique. Sometimes biopy forcep can be used. We have experienced 2 cases of non-surgical removal of intravascular foreign bodies. One of the foreign bodies was 7cm wire fragment in right atrium(RA), the other was a 50cm guide wire. We used the standard loop snare technique for removal of 7cm wire fragment in RA and stone removal basket and 3.0mm ACS PTCA balloon to remove the 50cm short guide wire.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Foreign Bodies* ; SNARE Proteins ; Subclavian Vein ; Surgical Instruments

Injuries to extensor tendons can be as serious as those of digital flexors. These injuries require accurate approximation, appropirate splinting and careful mobilization. Scarring which always occurs following injury can provoke greater problems in digital extensor injuries than in flexor tendons. The loss of 2mm of excursion of extensor tendon at level of the proximal interphalangeal joint may results in a 50 percent loss of motion of the finger. A special problem associated with extensor tendon healing is loss of gliding. This study was carried was carried out to evaluate the results of the extensor injuries according to their etiology, location and type of treatment. Seventy six lesions in fifty patients treated for extensor tendon injuries were analysed for the comparison of the results of specific treatment. The follow up was from 1 to 3 years with average of 19 months. Following results were obtained. l. Among 50 patients, 16 cases (32%) were acute and 34 cases (68%) were chronic. 2. The etiology were crushing in 19 cases (30%), knife or glass in 20 cases (40%), and avulsion in 8 cases (16%) etc. 3. Mallet finger were observed in 14 tendons, buttonhole in 10 tendons. Nine tendons were injured at the metacarpophalangeal level and 16 tendons were injured at wrist level. 4. Percentage of satisfactory result which means less than 15 degrees of extension loss were 68.1 % in primary repair and plication, and 30.7% in tendon transfer or graft. 5. Prognosis was better when the lesion was proximal to MP joint, and results were more favorable in primary repair and plication than tendon transfer graft.
Cicatrix ; Fingers ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glass ; Humans ; Joints ; Prognosis ; Splints ; Tendon Injuries ; Tendon Transfer ; Tendons ; Transplants ; Wrist

BP201, porcine lung tissue-derived phospholipids, consists of phosphatidylcholine as a major phospholipid species. BP201 promoted hair growth after application onto the shaved backs of BALB/c and C3H mice. Its effect was enhanced when applied together with minoxidil (MNX) in C3H mice. When the tissue specimens prepared from the shaved skins of BP201-treated and control mice were microscopically examined, the total numbers of hair follicles in both anagen and telogen phases of BP201-treated mice were significantly higher than those of control mice. The numbers of hair follicles in the anagen phase of BP201-treated mice were also higher than those of control mice. In combination with MNX, BP201 further increased the total number of hair follicles, but did not alter the percentage of hair follicles in the anagenic phase. BP201 also increased the proliferation of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells. Collectively, BP201 possesses hair growth promoting potential, which would suggest its use singly or in combination for hair growth products.
Animals ; Hair Follicle ; Hair* ; Humans ; Lung* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Minoxidil ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Phospholipids* ; Skin

PURPOSE: We designed this study to identify the risk factors affecting the quality of graft after live donor kidney transplantation. METHODS: The study cohort included 259 adult patients who had been followed up for an average of 37 months after transplantation. Cyclosporine (CsA) and steroids were used as main immunosuppressive agents. Seven variables [HLA match, numbers of acute rejection (AR) within post-transplant 1 year, blood type compatibility, use of anti-lymphocyte antibody, age of donor (DA), age of recipient, and the donor kidney weight to recipient body weight ratio (KW/BW)] were examined by multiple regression analysis during the first 3 years. Serum creatinine (Scr), creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) and the 24 hours urinary excretion of protein (24 UP) were used as parameters. RESULTS: AR, DA, or KW/BW independently affected the quality of graft function. Scr, Ccr, or 24 UP at post-transplant 1 year was strongly correlated with AR (p<0.0001, p=0.002, or p=0.002, respectively). However, Scr, Ccr, or 24 UP at post-transplant 3 years was strongly affected by KW/BW (p<0.0001, p<0.0001, or p=0.008, respectively) or DA (p<0.0001, p=0.001, or p=0.039, respectively). CONCLUSION: Non-immunologic factors independently affected the graft function through the study periods. The impact of non-immunologic factors on the function of the graft increased year by year. During renal allocation, KW/BW and DA should be included as reference indices to improve the long-term graft function.
Adult ; Body Weight ; Cohort Studies ; Creatinine ; Cyclosporine ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Kidney* ; Risk Factors ; Steroids ; Tissue Donors* ; Transplants*

A Computer-Based Examination(CBE) System is developed to take the effective examination for medical student. The server system is operated with Windows NT(Korean ver. 4.0) and the clients system with Windows 95(later than ver. OSR 2), and the Microsoft SQL server(ver. 7.0) is used for database server, and the Inprise Delphi(ver. 4.02) for development tool. This system consists of five subsystems(item bank, item selection, implementation, item analysis). The CBE system is designed to execute the multimedia data(image, sound, movie), and for professors to build question items, to extract the items for examinations on this system, and for students to conduct the examination on the client computer systems. It will reduce time to mark examination papers and to analyze the items, and can be applied for self-studying(computer assisted learning, CAL) with linking to internet or knowledge-base system.
Computer Systems ; Humans ; Internet ; Learning ; Multimedia ; Students, Medical*

PURPOSE: We evaluated the effect of injectable hyaluronic acid gel(HA) for augmentation of the glans penis and treatment of premature ejaculation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 139 patients with premature ejaculation, dorsal neurectomy(Group I; n=25) and glandular augmentation using HA(Group II; n=114) were done. Six months after each procedure, ejaculatory latency, penile vibratory threshold, and patient and partner satisfaction were assessed in both groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in preoperative ejaculation time in the two groups, being 89.2+/-40.3 sec in Group I and 96.5+/-52.3 sec in Group II. Postoperatively, ejaculatory latency was significantly increased, to 235.6+/-58.6 sec in Group I and 324.2+/-107.6 sec in Group II(p<0.01). The postoperative vibratory threshold was also significantly increased in both groups(p<0.01). Satisfaction was expressed by both the patient and his partner in 68%(17/25) and 44%(11/25), respectively, in Group I and 79.8%(91/114) and 64.0% (73/114) in Group II. The maximal glandular girth was significantly increased, from 9.2+/-0.6 cm to 11.0+/-0.4 cm, in Group II. CONCLUSIONS: Glandular augmentation with injectable HA gel appears to be very effective for the treatment of premature ejaculation. Glandular augmentation with a bulking agent is anticipated to replace the hazardous, irreversible dorsal neurectomy.
Ejaculation ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid* ; Male ; Penis* ; Premature Ejaculation*

No abstract available.
Asphyxia* ; Brain* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

Since coronary arteriovenous fistula(CAVF) was first reported by Krause in 1865, more than 400 cases have been reported. It is relatively rare disease and originates more commonly in the right than in the left coronary artery. We report a case of CAVF between right coronary artery and right ventricular inflow tract with significant left to right shunt in a 34-year old female who was admitted for the cardiomegaly on routine chest X-Ray. It was detected by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, and confirmed by cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography. The opening of the fistula draining into the right ventricle was obliterated with sutures. There was no significant shunt in postoperative cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography.
Adult ; Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Cardiomegaly ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Vessels ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal* ; Female ; Fistula ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Rare Diseases ; Sutures ; Thorax

Aneurysms arising from ICA bifucation are relatively rare. But they are paticulary difficult to treat surgically because of perforating arteries surrounding and adherent to the aneurysm. In an effort to determine their best management policy, and to improve their surgical outcome, a retrospective clinical analysis of 30 patients who underwent direct surgery from ICA bifucation aneurysm between January, 1984 and December, 1994 was performed. In the same period, total 990 patients with intracranial aneurysms were admitted in our department. The result of carotid bifucation aneurysm surgery was worse than the total surgical result. Motality and morbidity rates were 3/30(10%), 5/30(16%). Surgical complications in this group of aneurysms usually came from injury of perforating arteries, and the causes of death were intraoperative premature rupture and vasospasm. The surgical treatment of aneurysms of internal carotid bifucation is discussed, emphasizing the importance of avoiding damage to perforating vessels and premature rupture. A classification of these aneurysms, according to angiographic and anatomical considerations, is proposed. We suggest that four types of aneurysmal orientation at the bifucation of the internal carotid artery be distinguished:either projecting superiorly, anteriorly, inferiorly, or posteriorly. Posterior orientation was found in 13 cases(43.3%). Superior orientation was found in 11 cases(36.7%), inferior orientation was found in 4 cases(13.3%), and anterior orientation was found in 2 cases(6.7%). From an analysis of these cases and a review of the literature, some characteristics of these aneurysms and their surgical strategies are described.
Aneurysm* ; Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cause of Death ; Classification ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture

No abstract available in English.
Tuberculosis, Spinal