The posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) is one of the most important structures in the knee joing because it provides about 94% of the total restraint to posterior displacement of the tibia & posterior stability of the knee joint. If the posterior instability persisted, rotational instability, injury to meniscus and degenerative change develop within several years. The purpose of this study is to know the result of the posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using semitendinosus tendon and to know the factors which affected to good result. During the period from January 1989 to December 1994, 16 cases with posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using semitendinosus tendon were evaluated clinical and radiological results retrospectively and performed stastical analysis using the SPSS. The results were as follows; 1. The average preoperative posterior laxity was 14.1 mm and average postoperative laxity was 6.3 mm. It was improved 7.8 mm. 2. In other associated injured ligament group with or without fracture, above good was in 8 cases and below fair in 6 cases, but there was no significant difference between the two (X²=9.8, df=1, P>0.05). 3. In the poor result group, mean body weight was 80(±13.23)kg and there was significant difference between poor group & fair, good, excellent group(F=3.52, P < 0.05). From these results it would be suggested that PCL reconstruction using semitendinosus tendon is more effective in relatively light weighted group than heavier group.
Body Weight ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Ligaments ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Retrospective Studies ; Tendons ; Tibia

No abstract available.
Appendicitis* ; Barium* ; Enema*

No abstract available.
Appendicitis* ; Barium* ; Enema*

Carbon monoxide is colorless, oolorless, tasteless and non-irritating gas produced by the incomplete combustion of carbonaceous rnaterial. It combines with hemoglobin and displaces oxygen because the affinity of hemoglobin for carbon monoxide is two hundred times greater than oxygen. Symptoma and signs of carbon monoxide poisoning include headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, collapse, unconsciousness, blindness, convulsion, coma and skin lesions. Recently we have observed seven patients with carbon monoxide poisoning who expressed cutaneous syrnptoms. In this work we investigated the pathogenesis of cutaneous manifestations of carbon monoxide poisoning through clinical, histologic and electronmicroscopic study. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Mental states of the patients were comatose in two, Semicomatcse in two, stuporous in two, and drowsy in one patient. In routine laboratory tests, we observed elevated blood sugar in six, elevated sorum creatinine phosphokinase in four and abnormal findings in urinalysis in all patients. 2. Cutaneous lesions were vesicobullae, plaque or swelling, erythema, gangrene and 'ulceration in order of frequency and located in the dependent areas in six caies. 3. Histopathologically, the sites of the bullae were subepidermal in four cases and intraepidermal in. one case and there was one case with ulceration. 4. In electronmicroscopic findings, secretory and ductal cells showed degenerative
Blindness ; Blood Glucose ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning* ; Carbon Monoxide* ; Carbon* ; Coma ; Creatinine ; Dizziness ; Erythema ; Gangrene ; Headache ; Humans ; Nausea ; Oxygen ; Seizures ; Skin ; Stupor ; Ulcer ; Unconsciousness ; Urinalysis ; Vomiting

Liver is generally known as an organ which is most commonly involved by the metastic tumors. According to the tendency of using fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of hepatic tumors, the differentital diagnosis between hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic carcinoma frequently has been a main issue in the poorly differentitated cases, especially to the pathologists of Korea, an endemic area of hepatocellular carcinoma. Until now the problem has been usually solved by the comparison of cytologic characteristics of their tumor cells but not by background cytologic features which rarely have been studied. We observed the background cytologic features helpful for the differential diagnosis through the analysis of 20 cases who had confirmed primary cancer and were diagnosed as metastatic carcinomas in the liver by fine needle aspiration cytology. Twenty cases included 9 adenocarcinomas, 7 spuamous cell carcinomas, 1 small cell carcinoma, 1 carcinoid, 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma, and 1 renal cell cacinoma. Analysis of background cytologic features revealed that 77% of adenocacinoma cases showed benign mesenchymal components and hepatocytes and spuamous cell carcinoma cases disclosed benign mesenchymal tissue (71%) and necrosis (57%). Remaining cases showed variable combinations of benign mesenchymal component, necrosis, hepatocytes, and bile duct epithelial cells. No case revealed atypical hepatocytic naked nuclei, a useful cytologic finding of hepatocellular carcinoma. In summary, the background cytologic features more commonly observed in metastatic carcinomas than in the hepatocellular carcinoma were benign mesenchymal components, hepatocytes, necrosis, and bile duct epithelium. The endothelial cells and hepatocytic naked nuclei, two relatively specific findings of hepatocellular carcinoma were not observed except for renal cell carcinoma. Above background cytologic features are thought to be helpful for the differential diagnosis between the hepatocellular carcinoma and various metastatic carcinomas in the poorly differentiated cases.
Adenocarcinoma ; Bile Ducts ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoid Tumor ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Endothelial Cells ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome* ; Hepatocytes ; Korea ; Liver ; Necrosis ; Pneumococcal Infections* ; Ulnar Nerve

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Plasma* ; Renal Veins* ; Renin* ; Veins*

To provide basic information for the proper usage of frozen convenience foods in elementary school foodservice operations, 51 dietitian employeed in school foodservices in Inchon were surveyed. Among the frozen convenience foods, dumpling-type foods(60.8%) and processed meats(40.4%)were used widely in school foodservice. Generally, the frequency of using frozen food items was fewer than 1 time per month. More than 15% of respondents were using pork cutlet, chiken, chikenball, dumpling stuffed with meat about 2-3 times per month. Sweet and sour pork(Tangsuyuk), kebap(Sanjuk), fish/shrimp cutlet, fried potato items were used only fewer than 1 time per month. Dietitian's age, carrier, employed status influenced the utilization rate. The grand mean of satisfaction score was 3.36 out of 5. The factors affecting satisfaction in using frozen foods were sanitation, taste, price, nutrition, food additives in order. The major reasons of utilizaing frozen convenience foods were 'improved labor productivity(4.47)' and 'meet customer preference(4.25)'. The limiting factors in using frozen foods were taste(35.3%), price(23.5%), nutrition(17.6%). The management practices of frozen convenience foods through food processing flow were assessed. Average performance rate was 64.7%. To enlarge the usage of frozen convenience foods in foodservice operations, dietitians should observe sanitary practices.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Fast Foods* ; Food Additives ; Food Handling ; Frozen Foods ; Humans ; Incheon* ; Meat ; Nutritionists ; Sanitation ; Solanum tuberosum

To provide basic information for the proper usage of frozen convenience foods in elementary school foodservice operations, 51 dietitian employeed in school foodservices in Inchon were surveyed. Among the frozen convenience foods, dumpling-type foods(60.8%) and processed meats(40.4%)were used widely in school foodservice. Generally, the frequency of using frozen food items was fewer than 1 time per month. More than 15% of respondents were using pork cutlet, chiken, chikenball, dumpling stuffed with meat about 2-3 times per month. Sweet and sour pork(Tangsuyuk), kebap(Sanjuk), fish/shrimp cutlet, fried potato items were used only fewer than 1 time per month. Dietitian's age, carrier, employed status influenced the utilization rate. The grand mean of satisfaction score was 3.36 out of 5. The factors affecting satisfaction in using frozen foods were sanitation, taste, price, nutrition, food additives in order. The major reasons of utilizaing frozen convenience foods were 'improved labor productivity(4.47)' and 'meet customer preference(4.25)'. The limiting factors in using frozen foods were taste(35.3%), price(23.5%), nutrition(17.6%). The management practices of frozen convenience foods through food processing flow were assessed. Average performance rate was 64.7%. To enlarge the usage of frozen convenience foods in foodservice operations, dietitians should observe sanitary practices.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Fast Foods* ; Food Additives ; Food Handling ; Frozen Foods ; Humans ; Incheon* ; Meat ; Nutritionists ; Sanitation ; Solanum tuberosum

Primary hydronephrosis due to UPJ obstruction is not infrequent urologic disorder. The causes of the obstruction art categorized into extrinsic, intrinsic and ureterovascular abnormalities. The most important thing is accurate evaluation of the dynamic physiology of UPJ with the X- ray findings. We have experienced 16 cases of pyeloplasty during the last 10 years. We reported the evaluations of the cases with review of the articles. Results were. 1. Of these 16 cases, 13 were male and 3 were female and 11 were left and 5 were right hydronephrosis. 4 were children and 9 were 3rd. and 4th. decades 2. IVP, RGP, Ultrasonography and diuretic renogram were done preoperatively 3. Pyeloplasty were done by the dismembered in 13, Culp spiral flap in 2 and pyelopyeloplasty in 1. 4. Indigocarmin test, AGP, fluoroscopy and Whitaker test were done postoperatively. 5. There were improvement in 12 cases but failed in 3 cases.
Child ; Female ; Fluoroscopy ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Male ; Physiology ; Ultrasonography

It is known that the activated peripheral T lymphocytes are increased in patients with autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and autoimmune thyroiditis, but not in the patients with myasthenia gravis on previous studies. We investigated the subsets of T cells in peripheral blood of the patients with myasthenia gravis using flow cytometric analysis. Forty-three patients of myasthenia gravis who were not on steroid or other immunosuppressants were chosen, and thirty-six age-matched healthy persons were evaluated as controls. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients and controls were stained with FITC or PE-conjugated monoclonal antibodies to several surface molecules expressed on T cells within 6 hours after collection. The samples were analysed by flow cytometry within 24 hours. In patients with myasthenia gravis, the expressions of DR and CD25 molecules on the T lymphocytes were increased significantly compared to those of the control group. The expression of CD25 was increased on CD4+ T cells, but not on CD8+ T cells . The expression of DR molecule was increased on CD8+ T cells, but not on CD4+ T cells. Therefore we suggest that the activated T cells are increased in myasthenia gravis and CD25 surface markers on CD4+ T cells may be a more sensitive indicator of immune status.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune