No abstract available.
Seasonal Affective Disorder* ; Seasons*

No abstract available in English.
Female ; Humans ; Urinary Incontinence*

Immunohistochemical study have been made to examine the autonomic innervation of the human vas dererens following vasectomy one to 7 years previously. Samples from sites on the proximal (testicular) and distal (urethral) sides of the original vasectomy have been compared with control specimens as to the arrangement and distribution of autonomic nerves containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), catecholamine, substance-P and enkephalin. In contrast with tissues from the urethral portion and from controls, the testicular specimens revealed a marked reduction in the catecholeminergic innervation of the muscular layer. In addition VIPergic nerves distributed at the subepithelial layer were nearly absent from the testicular side of the vas deferens. The degrees of denervation were independent of the obstructive interval between vasectomy and vasectomy reversal. Substance-P and enkephalin containing nerves were rarely found from both sides of the vas deferens. Therefore, these findings suggest that the consequences of denervation of vas deferens may play an important role in those patients in whom infertility persists despite evidence of satisfactory mechanical continuity achieved by vasectomy reversal.
Autonomic Pathways ; Denervation ; Enkephalins ; Humans* ; Infertility ; Vas Deferens* ; Vasectomy* ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ; Vasovasostomy

A 40-year-old man attended our hospital with presenting symptoms of an acutely swollen, tender testicle and bulging mass on the inguinal area. Considered it as urgent conditions no demonstrating blood flow to the involved testicle on Color Doppler ultrasonography, we underwent scrotal exploration right away. On operative finding the right testis was so enlarged and engorged secondarily to the irreversible ischemic damage, but torsion of spermatic cord was not found. Another inguinal approach revealed herniated mass protruding from internal inguinal ring and compressing the spermatic cord. For further evaluation abdominal ultrasonography and CT scan was done and huge mass occupying right lower quadrant of abdomen and pelvic cavity was noted. The resected tumor through surgical exploration was proved to be a retroperitoneal liposarcoma pathologically. Herein we report an uncommon case of testicular infarct, mimicking torsion of spermatic cord that is a urological emergency, caused by herniated retroperitoneal mass. So the present report suggest that, when adult men attend with symptoms of acutely swollen painful testicle, we pay a more careful attention to patient,s physical findings and recommend further diagnostic evaluation.
Abdomen ; Adult ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Inguinal Canal* ; Liposarcoma* ; Male ; Spermatic Cord ; Testis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color

The mechanisms involved in brain neuronal damage in ischemia are related to the elevation of cytosolic calcium concentration and calcium antagonist is considered as a promising drug that may alleviate ischemic neuronal damage. Using transient global ischemia model of Mongolian gerbil, we studied the effect of nimodipine, a cerebroselective calcium antagonist, on ischemic brain edema. We treated each gerbil intraperitoneally with nimodipine (lmg/kg) or the same amount of saline 30 minutes prior to ischemia, and transient global ischemia was induced by means of clipping both common carotid arteries either for 10 minutes or for 45 minutes. Three hours after reperfusion, the animals were decapitated and the water content of the bain was determined by oven dry method. With 10 minute ischemia the brain water content in nimodipine pretreatment group (78.6 +/- 0.2%) was lower than that in saline pretreatment group (79.1 +/- 0.4%) significantly (p<0.05). But with 45 minute ischemia nimodipine pretreatment did not reduce the postischemic increase of water content compared with saline pretreatment (79.8 +/- 0.4% and 79 6 +/- 0.4%, respectively; not significant). Our results suggest that nimodipine pretreatment may suppress the development of ischemic brain edema and its effect depends largely on the extent of brain ischemia.
Animals ; Brain Edema* ; Brain Ischemia ; Brain* ; Calcium ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Cytosol ; Gerbillinae* ; Ischemia ; Neurons ; Nimodipine* ; Reperfusion

Neurofibromatosis, or von Recklinghausen's disease, is a hereditary, harmartomatous disorder that primarilyinvolves neuroectoderm and mesoderm. The estimated incidence is 1 in 2,500 to 3,000 births. The clinical featuresare skin manifestations such as cafe-au-lait spots, skeletal manifestations primarily in volving vertebrae,central and peripheral nervous manifestations, and other associated abnormalities with increased risk ofmalignancy. The authors analysed the radiologic findings of 18 cases of patients with neurofibromatosis whovisited Pusan Kosin Medical Center and Taegu Dongsan Medical Center during the last five years. All were proven bysurgery, biopsy and other diagnostic criteria. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The male ot female ratiowas 11:7 and the age ranged from 11 months to 51 years. 2. All the cases fulfilled the diagnotic criteria of Croweand associates. 3. Bone manifestations were present in 44% of the cases. The other radiologic findings wereintrathoracic meningocele, bilateral acoustic neurinomas, mediastinal or chest wall mass shadows, and peripheralsoft tissue masses. 4. One of the soft tissue masses was proved to be malignant.
Biopsy ; Busan ; Cafe-au-Lait Spots ; Daegu ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Meningocele ; Mesoderm ; Neural Plate ; Neurofibromatoses ; Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Neurofibromatosis 2 ; Parturition ; Skin Manifestations ; Thoracic Wall

Two cases of primary intracranial subdural empyema are reported. One is 15 yr-old male and the other is 14 yr-old female. Clinical presentation was high fever, severe headache, impaired consciousness, marked neck stiffness and periorbital swelling in both cases. Since CT brain scan with contract enhancement clearly demonstrated the lesion, angiography was not performed. In one case, craniotomy was done with drainage of pus and thorough irrigation. He died on the 9th postoperative day after generalized covulsive seizure. In the other case, craniectomy was taken. She received additional two craniectomies due to reaccumulation of pus and osteomyelitis, and discharged without major disability on the 64th hospital day. Related reports were briefly reviewed.
Angiography ; Brain ; Consciousness ; Craniotomy ; Drainage ; Empyema, Subdural* ; Female ; Fever ; Headache ; Humans ; Male ; Neck ; Osteomyelitis ; Seizures ; Suppuration

No abstract available.
Female ; Fetal Heart* ; Heart Rate, Fetal* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy*

A retrospective study on 78 cases of surgically treated acute(within 24 hours) subdural hematoma(ASDH) with special reference to the size is presented. The thin ASDH is defined as the hematoma of which thickness is less than 3 mm in the printed CT film(true thickness about 10 mm). 27 cases are the thin ASDH and 51 cases are the not-thin ASDH. Pre-operative Glasgow coma score(GCS1), Postoperative Glasgow coma score(GCS2) and difference between GCS2 and GCS1(GCS2-GCS1) are compared in two groups by student t-tests. The mean GCS2 is worse than the mean GCS1 in the thin ASDH. In the not-thin ASDH, the mean GCS2 is better than the mean GCS1. Futhermore, in the thin ASDH, the mean difference between GCS2 and GCS1 is -1.04("-" means deteriorated after operation). In the not-thin ASDH, it was 0.77. In the thin ASDH, 44.4% is deteriorated(GCS2-GCS1 < or = -2), and 14.8% is improved(GCS2-GCS1 > or = 2). In the not-thin ASDH, 31.4% is improved and 17.6% is deteriorated. Comparisons between the improved cases and the deteriorated cases with various factors are made by chi square tests. Four statistically significant differences are found. The size of hematoma and midline shift are rather smaller in the deteriorated cases, but brain swelling or contused underlying cortex is more commonly observed during operation in the deteriorated cases and craniectomy with or without excision of the contused cortex is more frequently performed. One possible explanation of these results is that surgical decompression on the thin ASDH may cause or exercerbate brain swelling, hemorrhagic contusion or intracerebral hematoma-justlike "popping", thus replacement of the bone flap is difficult. Therefore, the thin ASDH should not be operated immediately, but closely observed in the ICU. If deteriorated, seek for the causing lesion by such as repeated CT scanning, then, treat the causing lesion, often it is not the ASDH itself.
Brain Edema ; Coma ; Contusions ; Decompression, Surgical ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural, Acute* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A retrospective study on 107 cases of acute(within 24 hours) subdural hematoma(ASDH) with special reference to the size is presented. The thin ASDH is defined as the hematoma of which thickness is less than 3 mm in the printed CT film(true thickness about 10 mm). 45 cases are the thin ASDH and 62 cases are the not-thin ASDH. Age, Glasgow coma score, pupil, CT finding, operation finding, operation method, interval from injury to CT and operation, and outcome at 1 month are compared and analysed with chi square tests. The most significant difference is the high surgical mortality (92.6%) in the thin ASDH despite of the fact that there are no significant bad prognostic factors. This difference might be due to the fact that diffuse brain injury is more commonly associated with the thin ASDH and suggested that the thin ASDH should be managed differently from the not-thin ASDH.
Brain Injuries ; Coma ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural, Acute* ; Mortality ; Pupil ; Retrospective Studies