No abstract available.
Choanal Atresia*

No abstract available.
Cryptorchidism* ; Incidence* ; Male ; Parturition*

Subperiosteal Cortical Defect is a symptomless rarefaction of cortical bone which begins most often on the external surface of the medial and posterior cortical walls of the lower end of the femur in children between the ages of 3 and 6 years. The name of Subperiosteal Cortical Defect was first used by Aegerter who differentiated it from non-osteogenic fibroma. The authors found out 5 positive cases of incidental findings among 62 cases of both knee joint X-ray of which 3 was male and 2 was female. Also we experienced 3 cases which necessiat d a correct diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Because this is a common lesion, it frequently accompanies more serious bone conditions, and because this is self-limited disease, treatment is not necessary. It was emphasized that its nature should be understood by all those dealing with bone disease lest it be overdiagnosed and overtreated.
Bone Diseases ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Femur ; Fibroma ; Humans ; Incidental Findings ; Knee Joint ; Male

PURPOSE: It is to report the efficacy and safety of an argon laser photocoagulation which was the treatment modality for retinopathy of prematurity. METHODS: From March 1996 to December 1999, on 69 prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity, they were series of observations following periods of two to five days, one week, two weeks, four weeks, three months and one year time respectively. RESULTS: We noticed the regressions in 84 prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity cases as well. CONCLUSIONS: The report emphasized the advantages of the argon laser photocoagulation which reduce the risk from a general anesthesia by applying a topical anesthesia, and the safety of using laser technique of convenience to apply and minimize the tissue damages of the lesions. It also described the preferable consequent results following the early treatment with divided applications on the prethreshold cases.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Argon* ; Light Coagulation ; Ophthalmoscopes* ; Retinopathy of Prematurity*

PURPOSE: To compare the results of laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) and epi-laser in situ keratomileusis (Epi-LASIK) for the treatment of moderate to high myopia. METHODS: In this study, 50 patients with a manifest refraction of moderate to high myopia were assigned to two groups: 50 eyes of 25 patients treated with LASEK and 50 eyes of 25 patients treated with epi-LASIK. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), manifest refraction, corneal haze, and postoperative pain were reviewed in LASEK and epi-LASIK treated eyes at 3 months after the operation. RESULTS: At one week after surgery, UCVA was recovered more rapidly after epi-LASIK than LASEK (LASEK: 0.61+/-0.23, Epi-LASIK: 0.79+/-0.11, p<0.05), but UCVA at both 1 and 3 months showed no significant difference between the LASEK and epi-LASIK groups. However, epi-LASIK-treated eyes had lower postoperative pain scores and lower corneal haze scores (1 month; p=0.01) than those of LASEK-treated eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Epi-LASIK showed a more rapid visual recovery than LASEK at 1 week after surgery for the correction of myopia. Epi-LASIK-treated eyes also had less postoperative pain and an earlier reduction of postoperative corneal haze. These results suggest epi-LASIK could be a viable alternative procedure for the correction of moderate to high myopia.
Humans ; Keratectomy, Subepithelial, Laser-Assisted ; Myopia* ; Pain, Postoperative ; Visual Acuity

One to three percent of childhood brain tumors are choroid plexus tumors. Of these, 30-40% are considered to be choroid plexus carcinoma. We report one case of choroid plexus carcinoma without parenchymal invasion, which showed rapid dissemination along whole CSF pathway and developed postoperative hydrocephalus in spite of gross total resection.
Brain Neoplasms ; Choroid Plexus Neoplasms ; Choroid Plexus* ; Choroid* ; Hydrocephalus

BACKGROUND: In patients with cirrhosis, single large volume paracentesis(SLVP) is an effective and safe treatment for the tense ascites. But the need for routine administration of albumin remains controversial. We investigated the necessity of albumin administration in cirrhosis with tense ascites after SLVP. METHODS: 23 patients with cirrhosis with tense ascites were recruited, and examined before and 48 hour after a SLVP. Patients were randomly assigned to be administrated with albumin(6 g/L of ascites removed, n=11) or not(n=12). Systemic and renal hemodynamic parameters(mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index, resistive index of kidney, and serum creatinine), indices associated with sodium homeostasis(urine sodium and osmolarity) and neurohumoral factors such as plasma renin activity and plasma concentration of aldosterone were measured before and 48 hour after a SLVP. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in clinical and laboratory parameters between two groups at entry into the study. Plasma renin activity was significantly increased 48 hour after a SLVP in patients without albumin administration, but the change of plasma renin activity before and after paracentesis((delta)plasma renin activity) was not significantly different between two groups. There was no difference in the mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index, resistive index of kidney, serum creatinine, urine sodium and osmolarity and plasma concentration of aldosterone between two groups after SLVP. CONCLUSION: Single large volume paracentesis without albumin administration is a safe and effective treatment in cirrhosis with tense ascites.
Aldosterone ; Arterial Pressure ; Ascites* ; Creatinine ; Fibrosis* ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Kidney ; Osmolar Concentration ; Paracentesis ; Plasma* ; Renin ; Sodium ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation* ; Vascular Resistance

We compare the safety and efficacy of locked and non-locked plating systems with retrospective review of 51 consecutive acute cervical injury patients who underwent anterior cervical plating procedures. The two groups were comparable in demographic details, mean age(locked 40.8, non-locked 37.9), average fusion level(locked 1.53, non-locked 1.67) and fusion rate(locked 100%, non-locked 86.7%). Hardware related complication in locked plate group was seen in one patient(2.78%), but did not required the reoperation. In the non-locked plate group, 4 patients developed screw loosening and, in 1 patient, the inferior screw was found to be 2mm posterior to posterior cortex. Reoperation was needed for this case due to symptomatic myelopathy. In the non-locked plate group instrument related reoperations was done in 5 patients(33.4%) and longer operation time was required than locked system. In this study, anterior cervical fusion with plating was nessessory for stabilizing of acute cervical instability and improving neurological outcome and fusion rate. For this purpose, locked system was theoratically safter and technically easier than non-locked system.
Humans ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord Diseases

Sarcopenia-related falls and fractures are increasing worldwide due to the aging population. The purpose of this study was to 1) evaluate anthropometric characteristics related to hip fracture in Korean patients, 2) investigate sarcopenia prevalence in hip fracture (HF) and non-hip fracture (NF) groups, and 3) investigate the correlation between sarcopenia and osteoporosis. This case-control study examined 359 HF and 1,614 NF normal populations using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. We performed whole-body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to analyze body composition using the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI: lean mass/height2) and bone mineral density (BMD). In the HF group, using the AWGS definition, the prevalence of sarcopenia in women and men was 44.3% and 68.2%, respectively; in the NF group, it was 7.1% and 16.1%, respectively. Lower appendicular SMI (P < 0.001), leg muscle mass (P < 0.001), and higher prevalence of sarcopenia (P < 0.001) were observed in the HF group after adjustment for age and gender. In multivariate analysis, sarcopenia (OR = 6.52; 95% CI = 4.67-9.09), age (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.13-1.17), and osteoporosis (OR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.35-2.58) were associated with the occurrence of a hip fracture. This study showed a higher prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with hip fractures compared with a normal population, and higher prevalence of sarcopenia in men.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Accidental Falls ; Aging ; Body Composition ; Bone Density ; Case-Control Studies* ; Female ; Hip Fractures ; Hip* ; Humans ; Korea ; Leg ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Nutrition Surveys ; Osteoporosis ; Prevalence* ; Sarcopenia*

Combining benzodiazepine with opioid has been used for analgesia and sedation during spinal anesthesia, but many authors have warned that combined administration of these drugs produces potent drug interaction that places patients at high risk for hypoxemia and apnea. This study was undertaken to observe the effect of combined use of diazepam with fentanyl on hemodynamic response and change in SaO in twenty healthy adult patients undergone elective surgery with spinal anesthesia. All of the patients were divided into the control and experimental group, and whom spinal anesthesia with 0.5% tetracaine the 12 mg and epinephrine 0.2 mg, were performed. To the control(Group I) and experimental group(Group 2) the combined dose of diazepam 0. 075 mg/kg with fentanyl 1 ug/kg, and diazepam 0.15 mg/kg with fentanyl 2 ug/kg, were given, respectively, by intravenous injection 1 hour after spinal anesthesia started. Blood pressure, heart rate and SaO2 of the two groups were compared at the time before administration of study drugs and 1 min, 2 min, 2 min, 4 min, 5 min, 10 min, 30 min and 60 min after administration of study drugs. The results were as follows. 1) SaO2 was significantly decreased in group 2 than Group 1 after study drugs were administed intravenously. 2) In both group, decrease in SaO2 was significant at the first 5 minutes after intravenous administration of study drugs. 3) SaO2 fell to 90% of the control value after the administration of study drugs in 6 patients of Group 2(60%). 4) Hemodynamic changes after intravenous administration of study drugs were statistically significant but not so clinically in both group. We concluded that combined intravenous administration of benzodiazepine and opioid under spinal anesthesia requires the careful monitoring of hemodynamic response and ventilatory status continuosly with those monitoring devices already in use and pulse oximeter. Availiability of skilled anesthesiologists for airway management and administration of supplemental oxygen are very important in combined intravenous administration of benzodiazepine and opioid.
Administration, Intravenous ; Adult ; Airway Management ; Analgesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Anoxia ; Apnea ; Benzodiazepines ; Blood Pressure ; Diazepam* ; Drug Interactions ; Epinephrine ; Fentanyl* ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Oxygen ; Tetracaine