No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Fallopian Tubes* ; Female

No Abstract Available.
Mass Screening*

Authors experienced a case of A3B in a 46-year-old patient with liver cirrhosis and two cases of A3 in her children by family study. A3 subgroups were confirmed by delayed and weak positive with anti-A and anti-A,B, negative in anti-A1 lectin, adsorption-elution test, and family study. We report a family case of A3B and A3 with brief review of literatures.
Child ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Middle Aged

The author studied 62 consecutive patients with spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage and 38 patients with spontaneous pontine hemorrhage, diagnosed by computerized tomography scanning from May 1983 to December 1994 and assessed the relationship of outcome of initial GCS score, CT findings, and treatment modality. In cerebellar hemorrhage, good outcome was achieved in patients with high initial GCS score(>13), small hematoma, patent quadrigeminal cistern, absent hydroceohalic change, and the location of the hemorrhage in the hemisphere. Although the size of hematoma was an impotant prognostic factor, it had no constant bearing on the level of consciousness, degree of quadrigeminal cistern obliteration, and outcome. Absence of quadrigeminal cistern obliteration predicted a good outcome whether the hematoma was evacuated or not, as long as obstructive hydrocephalus, if present, was relieved darly. However, partial obliteration of the quadrigeminal cistern was a predictor of good outcome if the hematoma was evacuate d within 48 hours after the onset of hemorrhage. Total obliteration of the quadrigeminal cistern inevitably predicted an unfavorable outcome. In pontine hemorrhages, a good outcome was achieved in patients with high initial GCS score(>13), small size hematoma(<5cc) and patent quadrigeminal cistern. Especially, the size of the hematoma was an important prognostic factor and guideline for the determination of surgical candidates. Small hematomas(<5cc) responded more positively to conservative management than to surgery. However, early hematoma evaculation(<48hr) had improved the outcome in moderate sized hematomas(5-10cc). Large hematomas(>10cc) inevitably showed an unfavorable outcome.
Consciousness ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of preoperative and postoperative parameters, particularly anterior chamber depth, on corneal endothelial cell loss during cataract surgery. METHODS: Eighty-two eyes of 82 patients who underwent cataract surgery by the same surgeon using the same technique were selected for the present study. Various preoperative and postoperative parameters including age, anterior chamber depth, duration and power of phacoemulsification, preoperative endothelial cell density, coefficient of variation, hexagonality, and grade of nucleosclerosis were evaluated. Endothelial cell densities were recorded preoperatively and at two months postoperatively using a noncontact specular microscope. RESULTS: After two months, the mean central endothelial cell loss in all eyes was 8.77%. Among the pre- and post-operative parameters, patient' age, anterior chamber depth, duration, power, and energy of phacoemulsification and grade of nucleosclerosis showed significant correlation with endothelial cell loss. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis identified age, nucleosclerosis, anterior chamber depth, and phacoemulsification time as independent predictors for endothelial cell loss. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of endothelial cell loss increased with increases in patient' age, nucleosclerosis, and phacoemulsification time. However, eyes with a deep anterior chamber showed a significantly lower risk of endothelial cell loss.
Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Cornea ; Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss ; Endothelial Cells ; Eye ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Phacoemulsification

The use of controlled hyperventilation during neurosurgical procedures prevents the deleterious effects of hypercarbia on the cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure. hyperventilation with hypocarbia produces cerebral vasoconstriction, reduced cerebral blood flow and a reduction in brain size in the majority of patients with increased intracranial pressure. But since excessive cerebral vasoconstriction might induce cerebral ischemia, there has been much discussion concerning the optimal level of hypocarbia. Several studies have shown biochemical evidence of a change in cerebral glucose utilization to anaerobic metabolism during hypocarbia. In our investigation, the effect of hyperventilation on 10 neurosurgical patients was evaluated by blood gas analysis and the estimation of lackate and pyruvate in arterial blood and the cerebrospinal fluid. The results were as follows: 1) PaCO2 decreased from a prearesthetic value of 38+/-2.2 mmHg to 22+/-2.1mmHg 1 hour postinduction and 24+/-2.2mmHg at 2 hours due to hyperventilation. pH was 7.58+/-0.047 1 hour postinduction and 7.56+/-0.018 at 2 hours. PaO2 was 251+/-33.0mmHg 1 hour postinduction 1 hour and 215+/-20.9mmHg at 2 hours under a 50% inspired oxygen concentration(FiO2=0.5). 2) The arterial blood lactate value increased statistically significantly from a preanesthetic value of 9.3+/-1.5mg% to 11.8+/-1.47mg% 1 hour postinduction(p<0.01) to 12.5+/-1.53mg% at 2 hours(p<0.005). However all values were within the normal range(4.7+/-15.1mg%), and the lacte/pyruvate ratio did not change. 3) In the cerebrospinal fluid, pH was 7.45+/-0.057, PCO2 was 34+/-3.5mmHg and PO2 was 91+/-6.7mmHg following hyperventilation for 1 hour. The lactate value of the cerebrospinal fluid was 19.2+/-3.14mg%(normal range: 11.0~27.0mg%) and the lactate/pyruvate ration was 14.5+/-2.39. 4) No evidence of an excessive increase in CSF lactate was seen in any case. The above findings suggest that maintenance of an adequate oxygen concentration and a carbon dioxide value over 20mmHg would prevent cerebral ischemia following hypocarbia due to hyperventilation.
Anesthesia* ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Brain ; Brain Ischemia ; Carbon Dioxide ; Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hyperventilation* ; Intracranial Pressure ; Lactic Acid ; Metabolism ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Oxygen ; Pyruvic Acid ; Vasoconstriction

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate clinical manifestations and findings of ultrasonogram of neonatal septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. We tried to determine the value of ultrasonogram as a tool for early diagnosis of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 17 patients, who were diagnosed septic arthritis and/or osteomyelitis in Departments of Pediatrics and Orthopedic Surgery, Han dong University Sunlin Hospital in Pohang between Jan. 1994 and Sep. 1998. Radiologic findings were reviewed retrospectively according to the duration of symptoms at the onset. We compared the sensitivity of ultrasonogram with other radiologic tools done within 7 days of illness. RESULTS: We compared sensitivity of each imaging study done within 7 days of illness. 20%(3/5) had abnormality in plain radiographs, 78.6%(11/14) in ultrasonogram, 28.6%(2/7) in bone scan, and 100,0%(3/3) in MRI. Deep soft-tissue swelling around the bone was the earliest sign of acute osteomyelitis in ultrasonogram. Concurrently early septic arthritis showed deep soft tissue swelling around the joint and increased synovial effusion in ultrasonogram. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonogram is not so expensive, non-invasive, not harmful to patients, and there is no need to sedate patients for examination. Comparing with other imaging studies, the sensitivity of ultrasonogram is relatively high. Ultrasonogram is a useful diagnostic tool of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis in newbom infants.
Arthritis, Infectious* ; Early Diagnosis ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Infant ; Joints ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Orthopedics ; Osteomyelitis* ; Pediatrics ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: The harmfulness of cigarette smoking is widely known, as a result the interest of smoking cessation is increasing. Some smoking cessation methods have tried at clinical setting, but with exception of nicotine replacement therapy, the long term result is not satisfactory. The objective of this study is to determine of smoking cessation effectiveness of aromatherapy, which one of the alternative medicine, attracted public attention recently. METHODS: All participants of this study used nicotine patch, and as a double blind randomized control study with use of natural herb aroma which is known to have tranquility effect and placebo(artificial lemon perfume). The subjects consist of Dan Kook University Hospital workers who volunteered as smoking cessation. 6 weeks of smoking cessation program was conducted using nicotine patch and aroma or nicotine patch and placebo, and the result were verified 6 weeks and 6 month after the start of smoking cessation. RESULT: Fifty three male persons(27 in aroma, 26 in placebo) participated and three subjects(2 in aroma, one in placebo) were dropped out. In two groups, participants with successful results were 13 persons in aroma group, and 14 persons in placebo group at 6 week later, and 6 persons and 7 persons respective at 6 month later. There was no statistical difference in two groups. CONCLUSION: There was no statistical difference between the herb aroma and placebo with smoking cessation effect.
Aromatherapy* ; Complementary Therapies ; Humans ; Male ; Nicotine ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation* ; Smoking* ; Tobacco Use Cessation Products

OBJECTIVES: We sought to examine the diverse factors associated with aneurysms of the posterior circulation. In addition, the results of conventional craniotomy were compared with those of endovascular treatment. METHODS: One hundred and one patients with posterior circulation aneurysms were selected for study inclusion. The factors that might affect the clinical outcomes were studied , such as the initial Hunt-Hess (H-H) grade, aneurysm location, size of the aneurysm, and therapeutic modalities. In addition, the morbidity and mortality rates were analyzed. The treatment outcomes were evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) 6 months after the initial insult. RESULTS: The patient population consisted of 67 women and 34 men, with a mean age of 52 (range 28-81 years). The overall morbidity and mortality rates at 6 months were 13.9% (14/101) and 17.8% (18/101), respectively. Sixty-one operations (60.3%) were performed, and 32 patients were treated with endovascular therapy. Forty-two (85.7%) of the 49 patients that had initial H-H grades of I and II had a better prognosis (GOS more than 4) than those with poor H-H grades (P<0.001). Patients that underwent endovascular treatment had better outcomes than those that had clipping (P=0.032). There was no significant difference in outcome according to the size of the aneurysm, location of the aneurysm, or the age of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that the factors affecting the prognosis were the initial HH grade and treatment modality. Considering the very high mortality rate in patients with rebleeding, early management may help improve the prognosis of patients with posterior circulation aneurysms. Endovascular therapy should be considered the primary treatment modality in patients with posterior circulation aneurysms.
Aneurysm ; Craniotomy ; Female ; Glasgow Outcome Scale ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Male ; Prognosis

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the patients' general perception about the analgesics and the effects of the preoperative education about analgesics and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). METHODS: One hundred patients scheduled for elective gastrectomy were randomly allocated into two groups. In control group (n = 50), patients were given conventional preanesthetic visit with questionnaire survey on PCA one day before operation. In study group (n = 50), patients were sufficiently explained about postoperative analgesia and PCA by anesthesiologist and given precise explanation sheet about PCA. Total amounts of drug used in PCA as well as rescue analgesics, the pain scores, and side effects were compared. RESULTS: 62.2% of patients had much information from various sources that analgesics effects positively in the recovery phase, but actually 73.7% of patients considered that analgesics do not seem to have any influence on the recovery after operation. There was no difference between the amounts of total PCA used, rescue analgesics, and the pain scores. However, the educated patients complained less dizziness at postoperative days (POD) one. Also, the number of patients excluded from study due to the PCA discontinuation secondary to related side effects was less in educated patients (P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative education about analgesics and PCA failed to demonstrate significant decrease in the amount of analgesics and of pain scores. However, it lowered the incidence of PCA discontinuation due to side effects.
Analgesia ; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled* ; Analgesics* ; Dizziness ; Education* ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Postoperative Care