PURPOSE: This study was to identify the relationship between personality type, college admission SAT scores and GPA scores of student nurses. METHOD: The data was collected from 270 student nurses enrolled in a baccaleaureate program in Seoul. MBTI was used to identify students' personality and SAT score and GPA score were collected over 4 years. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS Win. package. RESULT: 1. There were slightly more extrovert (E) type (54.4%) students than the introvert (I) type; more sensing (S) type (71.1%) than the intuitive (N) type. 2. The introvert type students had significantly higher SAT scores than those of the extrovert type (p=.002). 3. The judging type students had significantly higher GPA scores throughout their college years than the perceiving type. 4. There was no statistically significant relationship between SAT and GPA scores. SAT scores did not accurately predict students' academic achievement in college in this sample. CONCLUSION: The distribution of the personality types in the sample was different from the general population which may suggest that college admission criteria is biased toward certain personality type. Since different personality types process information and cope with the outside world differently, effective teaching strategies need to be considered for each class.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Humans ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Vasculitis*

An outbreak of dermatosis occurred in a livestock fodder factory at Kyongju in May 1994. Authors conducted a questionnaire survey on 60 workers in the factory and a dermatologist examined their skin lesion. Authors also collected mites and identified them. The obtained results were summarized as follows; 1. Twentyeight cases of dermatosis were identified with attack rate of 46.7%. Attack rate was not different by department, age, sex, educational level and employment duration. Attack rate was 67.5% in productive worker and 5.0% in clerical workers (p<0.01) but was not significantly different between departments among productive workers (p>0.05). 2. Three cases among 28 dermatosis cases and one subject among 32 non-cases had a history of same dermatosis last year. Only one of dermatosis cases had a history of dermatosis among family members. History of other skin lesion and allergy was very rare in both cases and non-cases. 3. Skin lesions of the cases were rice-sized erythematous papules or vesicles with a central biting point. Onset date of dermatosis was between May 1 and June 10. Duration was from one day to more than 30 days. Skin lesion was most frequent at the back(75.0%). and also observed at the arms(64.3%). abdomen(60.7%), legs(57.1%), chest(32.1%) and neck (25.0%). Skin lesion was aggravated while workers are sweeping the floor(35.7%), working at the workplace(21.4%) and in bed at night(28. 6%). 4. Total l,637 mites were collected and identified into 3 suborder, 7 families and 17 species. Dermafophagoides farinae was most frequent Nnd most of the species identified were blood sucking mites. Authors concluded that the outbreak of dermatosis was brought about by mite-bites and grain beetle parasitizing Acarophenax tribolii was the most suspected species. Further studies to identify the specific species causing dermatosis and route of import are needed.
Beetles ; Edible Grain ; Employment ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Korea ; Livestock ; Mites* ; Neck ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Skin ; Skin Diseases*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe depression, caregiving burden and the correlation of the two variables in the families of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to clarify factors predicting caregiving burden. METHODS: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 139 family members who provided care to patients with ALS. The characteristics of patients and families, Korean-Beck Depression Inventory (K-BDI), Korean version of Zarit Burden Interview (K-ZBI) and Korean-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale - Revised (K-ALSFRS-R) were used as study measures. RESULTS: The mean score for K-BDI was 19.39 out of 63 suggesting sub-clinical depression and 38.2% of the family members exhibited depression. The mean score for K-ZBI was 66.03 out of 88. The predictors for K-ZBI were K-BDI, age of family member, length of time spent per day in caring, relationship to patient and K-ALSFRS-R. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that levels of depression and caregiving burden are high among family members caring for patients with ALS. As depression is associated with caregiving burden, screening and emotional supports should be provided to reduce the burden of care for these family. Support programs to alleviate the care burden are also needed, considering family demographics, time per day in caring giving and K-ALSFRS-R.
Adult ; Aged ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology ; Caregivers/*psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/etiology/*psychology ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a well-known tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, and yolk sac tumors. There are several studies on AFP-producing tumors that arose from the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, lung, kidney, and urachal tract. AFP-producing carcinoma of the gallbladder is extremely rare. We report a case of AFP-producing carcinoma of the gallbladder without liver involvement in a 58-year-old man with a gallstone, on which clinical, morphologic, and immunohistochemical studies were performed.
Male ; Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Tumor Markers, Biological

Alzheimer's disease (AD) without cure remains as a serious health issue in the modern society. The major neuropathological alterations in AD are characterized by chronic neuroinflammation and neuronal loss due to neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau, plaques of β-amyloid (Aβ) and various metabolic dysfunctions. Due to the multifaceted nature of AD pathology and our limited understanding on its etiology, AD is difficult to be treated with currently available pharmaceuticals. This unmet need, however, could be met with stem cell technology that can be engineered to replace neuronal loss in AD patients. Although stem cell therapy for AD is only in its development stages, it has vast potential uses ranging from replacement therapy to disease modelling and drug development. Current progress with stem cells in animal model studies offers promising results for the new prospective treatment for AD. This review will discuss the characteristics of AD, current progress in stem cell therapy and remaining challenges and promises in its development.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Neurofibrillary Tangles ; Neurogenesis ; Neurons ; Pathology ; Prospective Studies* ; Stem Cells* ; Transplantation

To foster humanistic physician, and to support medical students with the many adjustment problems which they commonly encounter in medical school, more personal and closer relationships between faculty members and students are warranted. This study was carried out to investigate faculties' and student's perceptions of the mentoring program in Gachon medical school. A total of 90 faculty members and 131 students responded to questionnaires. Most of the faculties and students believe this program to hold an important role in medical education. While majority of faculty members thought that the most important purpose of the program is to develop student attitudes by being a positive role model, most students perceived the development of personal relationships with faculties as being the most important. In addition, both faculty members and students listed an interest in education, as well as compassion for students as being important characteristics of a good mentor. With regard to perceived or anticipated problems of this program, many faculty members pointed to a lack of time and experience, while students indicated faculty members' passive attitudes and lack of interest in cultivating relationships with students. Findings from this study suggest several directions for improvement. First, to encourage active participation, students and faculties must understand the purpose of this program. Second, a training program to develop mentoring abilities should be provided for faculty. Third, a network among cooperating services should be introduced to keep this program running more effectively. Further, mentors and students should have regular meetings to promote closer relationships between them. This improved faculty mentoring program can serve as a continuing basis to facilitate personal and professional development of medical students.
Education ; Education, Medical ; Empathy ; Humans ; Mentors* ; Running ; Schools, Medical* ; Students, Medical ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Surgical treatment of congenital scoliosis is often frustrating due to its severity and rigidity. Many surgical methods were provided for these complex deformities and some instruments were used to achieve better correction. However, no surgical treatment was satisfactory to correct the deformities. Recently, pedicle screw fixation, enabling a powerful grip of individual vertebral segment, is becoming a promising method to enhance correction of these tenacious deformities. This study was to compare the correction, loss of correction and complications of the various surgical methods employed for congenital scoliosis in Seoul National University Hospital and to verify the advantages of pedicle screw fixation. Ninety-two congenital scoliosis subjected to surgery and followed up for more than 2 years(range 2-9 years) were analysed. Surgical methods were; anterior uninstrumented fusion, 5; posterior fusion, 50(14 without instrument, 15 with hooks, 21 with screws); combined anterior and posterior fusion, 37(7 without instrument, 11 with posterior hooks, 10 with posterior screws, 9 with anterior VDS and posterior screws). Mean preoperative magnitude of index curve was 58° with no significant difference between the groups except for the anterior VDS and posterior screw group which had a mean magnitude of 93°. Mean flexibility of index curve was 18.7% with no significant difference between groups. The correction of index curves were; anterior uninstrumented fusion, 23%; posterior uninstrumented fusion, 28%; posterior hook, 31%; posterior screw, 46%; combined anterior and posterior uninstrumented, 37%; anterior fusion and posterior hook, 30%; anterior fusion and posterior screw, 47%; anterior VDS and posterior screw, 48%. The correction of pedicle screws were significantly better(p < 0.01) with significantly smaller loss of correction(p < 0.01). Nonunion occurred in 4, 1 in posterior uninstrumented fusion, 2 in posterior hooks and 1 in posterior pedicle screws with concomitant instrument failures. However, there were no neurologic or visceral complications related to screw placement. Pedicle screw fixation offers an enhances correction of congenital scoliosis with low complication rate, and when combined with an anterior procedure, enables control of the most severe and rigid curves.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Hand Strength ; Methods ; Pedicle Screws ; Pliability ; Scoliosis ; Seoul

No abstract available.

Single fetal death in the late second or the third trimester in twin pregnancy is associated with high mortality and morbidity of surviving co-twin. Monochorionic twins have an increased risk of intrauterine fetal death, its prognosis is poor, and assoiated with neurological damage in the surviving co-twin. And renal, cutaneous, pulmonary, gastrointestinal complications are also reported. Especially, survivals with twin-to-twin transfusion are at risk for development of renal insufficiency, periventricular leukomalaca, and necrotizing enterocolitis. In this report, we present a case of surviving co-twin complicated with periventricular leukomalacia and necrotizing enterocolitis delivered after intrauterine single death in twin pregnancy.
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing* ; Female ; Fetal Death* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular* ; Mortality ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Pregnancy, Twin* ; Prognosis ; Renal Insufficiency