BACKGROUND: Although diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) is a well-established, reliably objective method of diagnosis of intraperitoneal injury, it is too sensitive to be used as a absolute indicator for emergency laparotomy. Recently, Otomo et al, have devised a new DPL criteria specifically designed and modified the classics criteria to aid in diagnosis of intestinal injury. So the author studied the difference of diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy between the new and classic criteria for intestinal injury. METHODS: The author reviewed retrospectively one hundred fifteen patients underwent DPL from January 1993 to August 1999. The author adopted the classic criteria positive for intestinal injury when the lavage fluid was white blood cell(WBC) > or = 500/mm3 and newly developed supplementary criteria positive when RBC > or = 100,000/mm3, the positive-negative borderline was adjusted to WBC > or = RBC/150, and when RBC <100,000/mm3, to WBC > or = 500/mm3. And analyzed the difference of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy each other. RESULTS: Among 115 patients, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for intestinal injury were 96.4%, 87.4%, and 89.6% for the new criteria, and 100%, 42.5%, and 56.5% for the classic criteria. After exclusion of 10 patients in whom-DPL was performed within 3 hours or after 18 hours from the time of injury, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for intestinal injury were 96.4%, 97.4%, and 97.1% for the new criteria, and 100%, 46.8%, and 61% for the classic criteria. When analyzed the time interval from injury to DPL in the new criteria, 105 patients that DPL was performed between 3 to 18 hours had 2 false-positive, while 115 patients regardless of DPL time 11 false-positive. CONCLUSIONS : The author concluded that the new criteria of DPL effluent performed between 3 to 18 hours from abdominal blunt trauma would be more specific and accurate indicator of intestinal perforation than the classic criteria. And this new criteria will be used as a reliable indicator for emergency laparotomy for that patients.
Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Intestinal Perforation ; Laparotomy ; Peritoneal Lavage* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Therapeutic Irrigation

The results regarding an association between the polymorphism sites in the dopamine D1 receptor gene and schizophrenia compelled us to study the distribution of the polymorphism in Korean schizophrenia and controls. Eighty-eight schizophrenic patients and normal controls were examined by case-control study for distribution of the polymorphism of the dopamine D1 receptor gene in Korean popualtion to minimize the effect of racial differencies in gene frequencies. The frequencies of the B1 and B2 in schizophrenic patients were 0.11 and 9.89, respectively. And 0.10 and 0.90 in normal control. There was no significant differences in the frequencies in the allele B1 and 2 between schizophrenic patients and normal controls. The author present here the evidence of a lack of alleic association between the polymorphism of the dopamine D1 receptor gene and Korean schizophrenic. The assumption that the dopamine D1 receptor gene has genetic role in the development of schizophrenia was not supported by this case-control study.
Alleles* ; Case-Control Studies ; Dopamine* ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Receptors, Dopamine D1 ; Receptors, Dopamine D2 ; Schizophrenia*

PURPOSE: It has been generally known that prostatic volume is increased related to aging process and changing in hormonal environment, so lower urinary tract symptoms develops. But, our experience has revealed the decrease of prostatic volume in many cases with lower urinary tract symptoms despite aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The numbers of patient underwent TRUS were 301 cases. Among the patients who had visited urologic outpatient clinic from march, 1993 to march, 1996, transrectal ultrasonography of prostate was applied to patient with following conditions. 1) over 8 in IPSS with or without enlarged evidence from digital rectal examination 2) enlarged evidence from digital rectal examination 3) no symptomatic relief after 2weeks therapy with alpha blocker 4) when the patient wants more evaluation. RESULTS: Decrease of prostatic volume were shown in 66cases(22%) despite lower urinary tract symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, many patients with lower urinary tract symptoms showed decrease of prostatic volume. So, we expect that many more cases of decrease of prostatic volume can be seen among asymptomatic cases with age. Because we can guess that prostatic volume can be influenced by racial differences and dietary habit, we also believe that further evaluation and investigation of this nature is needed.
Aging ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Prostate ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: Although immunophenotyping of leukemias has improved diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility, it has also caused diagnostic confusion regarding the lineage of leukemic cells. So far, lots of papers about acute leukemias with coexpression of another lineage markers with different technical methodologies and different criteria have been published in Korea and other countries. The authors investigated the frequency and immunophenotypic characteristics of the leukemias with aberrant lineage markers from data obtained at Korea University Hospital by a retrospective study. METHODS: From Jan. 1993 to Feb. 1996, 179 leukemias had been requested for immunophenotypig and 28 cases among them with unusual immunophenotypes were retrieved according to their immunophenotyping results. For the final diagnosis all the slides stained with Wright-Giemsa, peroxidase, Periodic-Acid Schiff, Sudan black B, and nonspecific esterase were re-examined, and all the flow cytometric results were reanalyzed. RESULTS: Among 28 cases, 3 cases(10%) were acute biphenotypic leukemias(BP) one with B lymphoid and myeloid markers and the other two with T lymphoid and myeloid markers. One case of intralineage bilinear acute leukemia(ILBL) with two separate populations of megakaryocytic cells and monocytic cells was noted. 6 cases(21%) were acute myeloblastic leukemias expressing lymphoid associated markers(Ly+AMLs; CD19) and 8 cases(28%) were myeloid antigen-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemias(My+ALLs, four with CD13+ and three with CD33+ and one with blastic transformation of chronic myelogeneous leukemia). Because of the change in diagnostic criteria, lymphocyte contamination, or low setting of negative control, 10 cases (36%) were not included to be of unusual immunophenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Frequency of acute hybrid leukemia was 2.2 % of all leukemias. Ly+AMLs was 3.4%, and My+ALL was 4.4%. In conclusion, first, quality control of the flow cytometry and careful interpretation especially in terms of positive cut-off value and gating, are needed. Secondly, national guidelines for the criteria of the hybrid leukemia and My+ALLs and Ly+AMLs are necessary for the elucidation of the prognostic implication of those leukemias.
Carboxylesterase ; Diagnosis ; Flow Cytometry ; Immunophenotyping ; Korea ; Leukemia* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Lymphocytes ; Peroxidase ; Quality Control ; Retrospective Studies ; Sudan

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Humans

This study was undertaken to observe the effect of the preirradiation of UVA on the eryt,hematous reaction by UVB. Twenty-five healthy Korean adult male volunteers were taken as subjects. The results were as follows: 1)Preirradiation of 10J/cm and 20j/cm of UVA had no influence on the erythematous reaction induced by UVB. Preirradiation of 30 J/cm of UVA decreased the minimal erythemal dose(MED) of UVB significantly (p<0,05), and 4pJ/cm of UVA dicl very significantly(p<0. 001). 2) Preirradiation dose of UVA(x) and MED of UVB(y) had statistically significant relationship (y=33. 23 - 33 x, r= -0.39, p<0. 05). So preirradiation of UVA decreased MED of UVR in relation with the preirradiation dose. 3) For the objective criteria of skin erythematous reaction induced by the UV irradiation, MED was considered more accurate and efficient than minimal perceptible dose (MPI).
Adult ; Erythema* ; Humans ; Male ; Skin ; Volunteers

Discoid meniscus has been defined as a morphological anomaly, and several clinical classification has been proposed. Commonly used classification is Watanabes classification; complete, incomplete and Wrisberg ligament type discoid meniscus. It is a relatively more common disease of the knee in Korea and Japan than western countries. Eighty-one discoid meniscal tears which were operated arthroscopically between the period of June, 1991 and August, 1996 were reviewed retrospectively. The purpose of this study is to analyze the pattern of the tear and the extent of arthroscopic resection according to the arthroscopic classification of the discoid meniscus. Thirty-three cases were classified as complete and forty-five cases as incomplete and three cases were Wrisberg ligament type. The major pattern of the tear in the complete type lesions was horizon- tal(in twenty-three) and complex(in seven) tear. Of the knees that had an incomplete type lesion, longitudinal(in ten including six bucket-handle tear) and degenerative tear(in eight) were observed more frequently, and horizontal tear(in ten) less frequently than that of the complete type. The extent of arthroscopic resection of the discoid meniscus was related to the pattern of tear and type of the discoid meniscus. For the majority of the horizontal tear, arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (twentyeight of thirty-four) was performed, but arthroscopic subtotal and total meniscectomy was performed more frequently for longitudinal tear, complex tear, and Wrisberg ligament type.
Classification* ; Japan ; Knee ; Korea ; Ligaments ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.

This Study was performed to investigate the effect of foods containing benzoic acid on the urinary hippuric acid concentration in the toluene exposed workers. The urinary hippuric acid concentration were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minute after intake of soft drink and bread containing benzoic .acid: in volunteers,: who did not have been exposed toluene occupationally. After that urinary hippuric: acids also were measured at the end of shift in toluene exposed workers. And also the concentration of toluene in air were analysed! by gas chromatography. So the relationships between urinary hippuric acid concentration and age, work duration, concentration of toluene in air and intake of benzoic acid containing food were observed. The results were as follows: 1. The urinary hippuric acid concentration reached the highest level at 30 minute after intake of soft drink with bread at a level of 1.41g/g creatinine and soft drink; alone at a level of 1.04g/g creatinine which contained benzoic acid among unexposed toluene, and then gradually decreased. 2. In toluene exposed group no significant effect of general; characteristics siich; as gender, age, work duration, drinking and smoking on urinary: hippuric acid concentration was showed in toluene exposed group. 3. The mean value of urinary hippuric acid concentration of group taking benzoic acid containing foods was significantly higher than that of group not taking. 4. Multiple regression analysis showed that toluene concentration in .air and benzoic acid containing foods were together significantly influence on urinary ; hippuric acid concentration. And the function between variables is Y = 0.014Tpluene +0.489Benzoic acid +0.745 and the contribution rates were 31%. In conclusion, it was suggested that the information on intake of benzoic acid containing foods should be considered in measurement of urinary hippuric acid for the more accurate toluene exposure evaluation.
Benzoic Acid* ; Bread ; Carbonated Beverages ; Chromatography, Gas ; Creatinine ; Drinking ; Occupations ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Toluene* ; Volunteers