This study was performed to evaluate the effect of aging and thermal cycling on the biaxial flexure strength of four commercially available veneering resin composites for crown(Dentacolor : DC, Artglass : AG, Esternia : ET and Targis : TG). Disc specimens were fabricated in a teflon mold giving 12mm in diameter and 1mm in thickness. All samples were divided into 4groups. Group 1 was dried in a dessicator at 25degrees C for 30 days. Group 2 was immersed in distilled water at 37degrees C for 30 days. Group 3 was immersed in distilled water at 65degrees C for 30 days. Group 4 was subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles between 5degrees C and 55degrees C, and the immersion time in each bath was 15 seconds per cycle. Biaxial flexure test was conducted using the ball-on-three-ball method at the cross head speed of 0.5mm/min and fracture surfaces were observed with scanning electoron microscope. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. Weibull modulus values, except for the AG group, decreased after thermal cycling treatment. 2. Biaxial flexure strength values of aging group at 37degrees C were th lowest in all sample groups. Except for the DC group, strength values were significntly decreased for the drying group. 3. After thermal cycling test, the highest value of biaxial flexure strength of 188.8 MPa was observed in the ET group and the lowest value of 73.2 MPa was observed in the DC group. The strength values showed the significant differences in each group (p<0.05). 4. Observation of surfaces after thermal cycling test revealed the ditching in the part f surrounding large fillers.
Aging* ; Baths ; Crowns* ; Fungi ; Head ; Immersion ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Water

The Taylor's approach is a special paramedian approach to enter the L5-S1 interspace. The L5-S1 interspace is the largest in vertebral column. This approach is particularly useful when the interspace has been narrowed by pathologic bone destruction such as rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. Surgery in geriatric patients is associated with a markedly higher incidence of perioperative complication or mortality rate. Optimal anesthetic management of geriatric patients depends on understanding of the normal anatomy and physiologic changes in response to drug in aging. We studied of 3-geriatric patients with Taylor's approach. These patients had problems with respiratory dysfunction and anatomic constraints, which make other approaches unfeasible.
Aging ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mortality ; Osteoarthritis ; Spine

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Papillary* ; Thyroid Gland*

No abstract available.
Gaucher Disease* ; Humans ; Siblings*

Gabapentin has been known to elicit the antinociceptive effect. However, little has been known about the effect of gabapentin on the cardiovascular system. The author's aim of this experiment was to examine the hemodynamic effects of gabapentin. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Intrathecal or intracerebroventricular catheters were implanted and gabapentin was delivered through each catheter or directly into the peritoneal cavity. For hemodynamic measurements, catheters were inserted into the tail artery. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured over 60 min following administration of gabapentin. Intrathecal and intraperitoneal gabapentin did not induce significant changes of hemodynamics over the 60 min compared to the baseline value. Intracerebroventricular gabapentin increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but there is no statistically difference in blood pressure change according to the dose.
Acetic Acids/*pharmacology ; Analgesics/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Blood Pressure/*drug effects ; Catheterization ; Diastole/drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Systole/drug effects ; Time Factors

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* ; Typhlitis*

No abstract available.
alpha-Fetoproteins* ; Birth Weight* ; Immunoglobulins* ; Parturition*

For young children with scoliosis before growth spurt, suhcutaneous lengthening without fusion was designed by Harrington and modified by Moe and Luque. However, many problems including spontaneous fusion, rod breakage, and hook disloclgement have been ohserved. CotrelDubousset(CD) instrumentation was sometimes used, but it usually resulted in failure due to soft tissue adhesion around the rough surface of ordinary CD rod. We tried to use the smooth CD rod, transvcrse-pedicle clawing on the upper part, and pedicle screw inscrtion on upper and lower part of the curve to reduce the hardware failures. Among 8 patients in whom suhcutaneous lengthening with smooth CD rod was carried out hetween October l992 and Suly 1996. 4 cases perfomed with final spinal fusion were analysed. There were I central core disease, 1 multicore disease and 2 idiopathic scoliosis(infantile and juvenile type). Mean age at the first operation was l0.0(8.8-11.8) years, and the Risser sign was all grade 0 except one with grade 1. Suhcutaneous lengthening was performed every 5 or 6 months Mean lengthening duration was 22(9-39) months and mean age at spinal fusion was 11.7(9.6-13.8) years. Mean Cobb angle decreased from 7ldegrees (55degrees-88degrees) at preoperative stage to 32 (10degrees-59degrees) at the last follow-up. There were 5 complications during 21 operations, and three hardware failures comprised 2 hook dislodgcment and 1 screw pull-out. Crankshaft phenomenon happened in I case who had had a posterior fusion in young age(9.6 years) due to laminar fracture. The suhcutaneous lengthening with smooth CD rod can he another option of treatment for young children with severe scoliosis. prescrving the powth potential of involved vertebrae with few complications.
Animals ; Child* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hoof and Claw ; Humans ; Myopathy, Central Core ; Scoliosis* ; Spinal Fusion ; Spine ; Tissue Adhesions

We report on the case of a 29-year-old male with acute appendicitis superimposed on the non-rotational anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract not detected on the computed tomography (CT) scan but correctly diagnosed on ultrasonography (US). This case suggested an additional role of US on the acute abdomen even underlying malrotation of the gastrointestinal tract.
Abdomen, Acute ; Adult ; Appendicitis ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Intestines ; Male

PURPOSE: The therapeutic effects of imipramine and DDAVP in primary monosymptomatic enuretic children were compared using a randomized, prospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study subjects consisted of 23 children, with a mean age of 7.9 years, complaining of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. Baseline evaluations, at the first visit, included voiding diary, enuresis diary, uroflowmetry, urine osmolality, and urine and serum osmolality after a water deprivation test and electrocardiography. After the administration of medication, the changes in the enuretic episodes and adverse effects were evaluated every month. RESULTS: Sixteen children received medication, and after 2 weeks the drug response rate was 57.1% (4/7) in the imipramine group and 33.3% (3/9) in the DDAVP group. Ten of the 16 children completed the study. After 12 weeks of study, the response rate was 75% (3/4) in the imipramine group and 50% (3/6) in the DDAVP group. There were no significant differences in mean urine osmolalities and functional bladder capacities between the response and no-response groups. During the study, side effects developed in only three of the children in the imipramine group. Of these, one demonstrated tachycardia on a follow-up electrocardiography and another complained of irritability, insomnia, a dry mouth and blurred vision. Subsequently, the two children dropped out due to these side effects. CONCLUSIONS: The imipramine and DDAVP had similar therapeutic effects, but the DDAVP had fewer side effects, and was better tolerated, than the imipramine.
Child* ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin* ; Electrocardiography ; Enuresis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Imipramine* ; Mouth ; Nocturnal Enuresis ; Osmolar Concentration ; Prospective Studies* ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Tachycardia ; Urinary Bladder ; Water Deprivation