No abstract available.
Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Acidosis, Renal Tubular* ; Captopril*

Chemotherapeutic agents were evaluated for their effect on the development of urinary bladder tumors, induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) in female Sprague-Dawley rats. For 16 weeks, 0.05% BBN was administered orally, and then chemotherapeutic agents (adriamycin and cisplatin) were injected intraperitoneally for 12 weeks. In our preliminary experimental series, an experimental bladder tumor model induced by BBN was useful in evaluating the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents. Cisplatin appears to be effective in inhibiting precancerous histologic changes and carcinoma in rat urinary bladder mucosa by BBN. However, the effectiveness of adriamycin was inconclusive.
Animals ; Carcinogenesis* ; Cisplatin ; Doxorubicin ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal* ; Mucous Membrane ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

Acoustic stimulation test(AST), is currently being used as an alternative tool of nonstress test (NST). However, there are no standard guideline for analysis of AST. Computerized numerical analysis of AST would be helpful for development of diagnostic criteria of AST. Fifty-one normal pre-term pregnancies entered to this study after conventional 20-minutes NST and 10-minutes AST. Acoustic stimulations were performed using Fetal Acoustic Stimulator (Model 146, Corometrics, US). We analyzed the FHR response after acoustic stimulation using our on-line computerized FHR analysis system, HYFM-I & II software. The changes of loss of signal, baseline FHR, variability, number of fetal movements, and number of FHR accelerations were analyzed numerically. The loss of signal was increased about 2 fold(122.61%). The baseline FHR was increased from 144.57bpm to 156.81bpm(8.5%) after acoustic stimulation. Number of fetal movements was increased about 2 fold(from 2.1 to 4.12/10 minutes). FHR variability was also increased from 17.81 bpm to 26.37 bpm. After AST, number of FHR accelaration was increased 55.47%(10sec 10bpm) and 68.42%(15sec 15bpm), respectively. In this study, we acrumulated elemental FHR data using computerized system after AST. These data would be helpful in the accurate analysis of AST and also enable us to develop the objective interpretation system for AST.
Acceleration ; Acoustic Stimulation* ; Acoustics* ; Female ; Fetal Heart* ; Fetal Movement ; Heart Rate, Fetal* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy*

High dose intravenous methyl prednisolone was administered to patients with multiple sclerosis (4), transverse myelitis (6), and arachnoiditis (I). Almost complete remission was noted in 5 cases (4 with transverse myelitis and one with multiple sclerosis) and partial improvement in 3 patients (2 with multiple sclerosis and I with arachnoiditis ) within 3 days after therapy. The benefits of this therapy, however, was not that dramatic when started late after the onset of neurologic deficits.
Arachnoid ; Arachnoiditis ; Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Myelitis, Transverse ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Prednisolone

Several therapeutic methods, expectant management, endourology and ESWL can be used in the treatment of ureteral calculi. In a retrospective analysis during a 3-year period, 96 patients showed spontaneous passage of stones. 164 patients treated with endourologic procedures and 168 who underwent ESWL with a Wolf Piezolith 2300 were analysed as to the success rate in stone removal, complication rate, anesthesia and hospitalization. The mean stone size was 5mm in the expectant management group and 6mm in both endourology and ESWL groups. 11mm was the mean size in the surgical group. Complete removal of all stone fragments was achieved in 52.5% of the expectant managed patients. The overall success rate were comparable with modalities which were 94.5% in endourology and 91.4% in ESWL and 100% in ureterolithotomy. The group treated endourologically had a better success rate but no significant difference to ESWL group. On the other hand, the group treated with ESWL had a shorter hospitalization, lower complication rate, no need for anesthesia. These observations showed that in situ ESWL provides a optimal first line therapy for distal ureteral calculi larger than 5mm, while ureteroscopy is better reserved as a salvage procedure should ESWL fail. Expectant management is more efficient for distal ureteral calculi less than 5mm.
Anesthesia ; Hand ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Calculi ; Ureteroscopy ; Wolves

A 3.4 year-old rhesus macaque weighing 4.5 kg, was suffering from anorexia, acute mucous and bloody diarrhea. On physical examination, the monkey showed a loss of activity, hunched posture, abdominal pain, dehydration, mild gingivitis and unclean anus with discharge. Whole blood was collected for the examination of electrolytes, hematology and serum chemistry; fresh stool was also collected for bacterial culture. Blood profiles showed leukocytosis (14.5 K/microL) and neutrophilia (11.0 K/microL) on complete blood cell count and imbalanced electrolytes associated with diarrhea. As a result of bacterial culture, Shigella flexneri was identified through Mac/SS, IMVIC test, TCBS and VITEK II. Based on these results, this monkey was diagnosed as having acute enteritis caused by Shigella flexneri. Treatment was performed with enrofloxacin prior to the isolation of Shigella flexneri to prevent the transmission of disease. Fortunately, mucus and bloody diarrhea did not persist and general conditions fully recovered. Our results show that the use of enrofloxacin is effective in controlling Shigella flexneri infection in newly acquired rhesus monkeys.
Abdominal Pain ; Anal Canal ; Anorexia ; Blood Cell Count ; Dehydration ; Diarrhea ; Electrolytes ; Enteritis ; Fluoroquinolones ; Gingivitis ; Haplorhini ; Hematology ; Leukocytosis ; Macaca mulatta ; Mucus ; Physical Examination ; Posture ; Shigella ; Shigella flexneri ; Stress, Psychological

No abstract available.
Dandy-Walker Syndrome*

Urodynamics is a neurourolgic diagnostic tool concerned with identification and measurement of physiologic and pathologic factors involved in the storage, transportation, and evacuation of urine. It plays an important role in the diagnosis, management of neurogenic bladder and its use has gradually increased. But a disparity between clinical and urodynamic findings is commonly found and its application to the clinical management of neurogenic bladder is practically as well embarrassing as its reading. We analyzed the results of 81 cases of neurogenic bladder with urodynamic study. Urodynamically, there were 18 cases showing D. hyperreflexia with DSD, 10 cases D. Hyperreflexia without DSD, 36 cases D. areflexia without low compliance, and 17 case D. areflexia with low compliance. A disparity between the clinical and urodynamic :assessment was noted in 28 cases( 35%). Clinically severe symptom with complication was particularly common in D. hyperreflexia with DSD, D. areflexia with low compliance and catheter indwelling patients.
Catheters ; Compliance ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Reflex, Abnormal ; Transportation ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic* ; Urodynamics

BACKGROUND: Parent's alcohol drinking not only influences their health but also their children. This research was designed to assess the family function of children who were affected by parent's alcohol drinking. METHODS: Questionnaire survey was performed on 208 high school students (129 males and 79 females) in Daejeon from March to April, 2005. We defined the students whose CAST (Children of Alcoholics Screening Test) score was 6 or more as children of alcoholics (COA) group. Then, we evaluated the family function by family APGAR score between the COA group and the control group. RESULTS: Among the total, 36 (27.9%) male and 27 (34.1%) female students were in COA group. There was a significant (P<0.01) negative correlation between the CAST score and the family APGAR score in all students. In boys, there was no significant correlation between the CAST score and the family APGAR score, but in girls, there was significant negative correlation (P<0.01). Mean family APGAR score of the COA group was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of the control group in all students. In boys, there was no significant difference, but in girls, the COA group's family APGAR score was significantly lower than the control group's score (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The high school students, especially girl students, who were affected by parent's alcohol drinking showed a lower family APGAR score. Therefore, family physicians need to evaluate the family function when encountering students similar to COA group.
Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholics* ; Apgar Score ; Child* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening* ; Physicians, Family ; Surveys and Questionnaires