No abstract available.
Biliary Atresia*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular*

Patients with breast lesion suggestive of malignancy underwent Tc-99m MIBI scan in order to assess the value of this technique in the detection of breast carcinoma and axillary lymph node metastasis. One hundred five patients with breast lesion underwent 99m-MIBI scan before biopsy. 20mCi of Tc-99m MIBI was given intravenously in contralateral arm of the breast lesion and planar prone lateral and supine anterior views for 10 minutes each were taken. Pathological diagnoses were carcinoma in 77 breasts of 76 patients and benign in 29 patients. Pathologic types were DCIS in 4, IDC in 62, mucinous carcinoma in 3, medullary carcinoma in 2 and others in 6. The pathologic tumor status was DCIS in 4, T1 in 27 ,T2 in 30, T3 in 6, T4 in 4 and Tx is 6 cases. All patients with multiple lesions were positive. The sensitivity of Tc-99m-MIBI scan was 95%(73/77) and specificity was 69%(20/29). Sensitivity of mammography and ultrasonography were 85% and 82%. Axillary metastasis study showed 68% sensitivity and 92% specificity. The Tc-99m MIBI scan is a highly effective method in the diagnosis of breast cancer.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Arm ; Biopsy ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Carcinoma, Medullary ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mammography ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography

Background: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) are often associated with delayed myelopathy. Surgical treatment of delayed myelopathy following an OVCF comprises spinal canal decompression and stable fixation of the vertebral column with an acceptable sagittal alignment. However, such surgical methods are not usually feasible because of medical comorbidities and osteoporosis. We devised a novel, simple technique to decompress the spinal canal and reconstruct the middle column by translating the fractured vertebral body anteriorly through a posterior approach and verified the validity of the new technique. Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective study. Patients who underwent vertebral body anterior translation (VBaT) between 2014 and 2017 due to delayed myelopathy after OVCFs were included. Through a posterior approach, discs between the fractured vertebra and the adjacent vertebrae were released. The fractured vertebra was translated anteriorly with pedicle screws and rods to realign the middle column. Radiological and functional improvement was analyzed. Results: There were 12 consecutive patients. The mean age was 70.3 ± 9.4 years. There were 8 female and 4 male patients. Follow-up period was 35.9 ± 13.1 months. Nine patients had pedicle screw augmentation with polymethyl methacrylate. The mean number of fusion segments was 3.4 (range, 2–4). There were 3 types of spinal canal invasion. Five patients had vertebral body vacuum clefts with posterior wall fractures. Five patients had vertebral body angulation with endplate protrusion. Two patients had 3 column fractures. In radiological analysis, the regional kyphotic angle was 35.1° ± 9.1° preoperatively and improved to 8.8° ± 6.8° postoperatively and 9.8° ± 6.1° at the final follow-up (p < 0.001). The anterior vertebral body height ratio was 27.6% ± 7.0% preoperatively and improved to 80.5% ± 13.7% postoperatively and 83.7% ± 12.5% at the final follow-up (p < 0.001). The spinal canal invasion ratio was 52.6% ± 9.1% preoperatively and improved to 25.2% ± 10.4% postoperatively (p < 0.001). Neurological deficit was improved in all patients by 1–3 grades according to Nurick’s grading system. Conclusions In delayed myelopathy following an OVCF, although the posterior cortex invades the spinal canal, it is usually already in the union state. Therefore, it can bear compression force as a middle column if realigned to be in line with the adjoining vertebrae. VBaT demonstrated satisfactory reduction of kyphosis and maintenance of stability until the last follow-up.

BACKGROUND: It was demonstrated that ultraviolet(UV) B light induces the release of IL-1α in cultured human epithelial cell line and augmentation of GM-CSF production by UVB is reported to be mediated by IL-1α in the murine keratinocyte cell line Pam 212. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of UVB on kinetic profile of IL-1 and GM-CSF mRNA expression and to see whether synthesis of GM-CSF by UVB can be completely inhibited by blocking IL-1α mediated pathway. METHODS: We used a competitive RT-PCR for measuring cytokine gene expression in epithelial cell line after UV radiation. RESULTS: The IL-1α mRNA increased as early as 1h after UV irradiation, and then decreased at 3h after the irradiation. Thereafter, the response of IL-1α mRNA was upregulated with a second peak at 6h after the UV irradiation. However, mRNA for GM-CSF increased at 1h after UV light exposure and anti-IL-1α antibodies could only partially inhibit UV-augmented GM- CSF production. CONCLUSION: UVB induced GM-CSF production seemed to be mainly mediated by UVB induced IL-1α but these results suggest that UVB may also induce GM-CSF production through an IL-1α independent pathway.
Antibodies ; Cell Line ; Epithelial Cells* ; Gene Expression ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor* ; Humans ; Interleukin-1 ; Keratinocytes ; RNA, Messenger ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Up-Regulation*

BACKGROUND: Malignant fibrous/fibrohistiocytic tumors are uncommon soft tissue tumors which gives dermatologists special attention on differential diagnosis. However, there has not yet been a multicenter study on these tumors in Korea. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and clinical features of malignant fibrous/ fiborhistiocytic tumors. METHODS: A total of 62 patients from 11 training hospitals who had been confirmed with malignant fibrous/ fibrohistiocytic tumor were studied. A retrospective analysis of hospital records served as the data source for this study. RESULTS: Among patients with malignant fibrous/fibrohistiocytic tumors, the most common tumor type was dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance followed by malignant fibrohistiocytic. The male to female ratio among subjects was 1.38 to 1 and the mean age was 44 years old. Of the common complaints recorded, asymptomatic mass was the most frequent. The mean size of the subjects' tumors was 2.9 cm in the long axis and 2.3 cm in the short axis with a mean tumor thickness of 2.1 mm. The most common site for tumors was the back followed by the thigh. The recurrence rate after primary treatment was 14.5% and metastasis developed in 5 of 62 patients. CONCLUSION: This study is expected to be helpful for understanding the clinical and pathological characteristics of malignant fibrous/fibrohistiocytic tumors.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; Dermatofibrosarcoma ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Thigh

A paraffin injection is regarded as to be a simple and effective method of breast augmentation. However, there are few reports on the long-term complication of a paraffin injected breast. The generation of breast cancer from a paraffinoma of the breast is rare, even though there is no clear evidence to suggest any relationship between a paraffin injection and breast cancer. We encountered a case of infiltrative ductal carcinoma arising from paraffinoma tissues. A 49-year-old woman had undergone bilateral breast augmentation by paraffin injection 20 years earlier. She presented with bilateral diffuse painless palpable masses with reddish discoloration and painful swelling in her left breast. She had been managed with a bilateral simple mastectomy including the mass. After discharge, the pathology report showed infiltrative ductal carcinoma of the left breast mass. The patient was readmitted for additional surgery, and she underwent a modified radical mastectomy. Ultrasonography is a useful diagnostic tool for detecting a breast mass, particularly in a dense breast. However, ultrasonography has a limitation in the case of a paraffinoma. Through this case, it is necessary to review the radiological (mammography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, plain film) appearances and the histopathological feature to help make an accurate diagnosis and to differentiate between a carcinoma and a paraffinoma. In rare cases, a breast ductal carcinoma can be combined with a paraffinoma. Therefore, a paraffinoma must be carefully managed due to the potential risk of a carcinoma.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Mastectomy, Simple ; Middle Aged ; Paraffin ; Pathology ; Ultrasonography

A paraffin injection is regarded as to be a simple and effective method of breast augmentation. However, there are few reports on the long-term complication of a paraffin injected breast. The generation of breast cancer from a paraffinoma of the breast is rare, even though there is no clear evidence to suggest any relationship between a paraffin injection and breast cancer. We encountered a case of infiltrative ductal carcinoma arising from paraffinoma tissues. A 49-year-old woman had undergone bilateral breast augmentation by paraffin injection 20 years earlier. She presented with bilateral diffuse painless palpable masses with reddish discoloration and painful swelling in her left breast. She had been managed with a bilateral simple mastectomy including the mass. After discharge, the pathology report showed infiltrative ductal carcinoma of the left breast mass. The patient was readmitted for additional surgery, and she underwent a modified radical mastectomy. Ultrasonography is a useful diagnostic tool for detecting a breast mass, particularly in a dense breast. However, ultrasonography has a limitation in the case of a paraffinoma. Through this case, it is necessary to review the radiological (mammography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, plain film) appearances and the histopathological feature to help make an accurate diagnosis and to differentiate between a carcinoma and a paraffinoma. In rare cases, a breast ductal carcinoma can be combined with a paraffinoma. Therefore, a paraffinoma must be carefully managed due to the potential risk of a carcinoma.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Mastectomy, Simple ; Middle Aged ; Paraffin ; Pathology ; Ultrasonography